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2014

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Articles 21151 - 21180 of 25853

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The Contribution Of Visceral Fat To Improved Insulin Signaling In Ames Dwarf Mice, Vinal Menon, Xu Zhi, Tanvir Hossain, Andrzej Bartke, Adam Spong, Adam Gesing, Michal M. Masternak Jan 2014

The Contribution Of Visceral Fat To Improved Insulin Signaling In Ames Dwarf Mice, Vinal Menon, Xu Zhi, Tanvir Hossain, Andrzej Bartke, Adam Spong, Adam Gesing, Michal M. Masternak

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Ames dwarf (Prop1df, df/df) mice are characterized by growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and thyrotropin deficiency, remarkable extension of longevity and increased insulin sensitivity with low levels of fasting insulin and glucose. Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory adiponectin are increased in df/df mice, while pro-inflammatory IL-6 is decreased in plasma and epididymal fat. This represents an important shift in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue, which was not exposed to GH signals during development or adult life. To determine the role of adipose tissue in the control of insulin signaling in these long-living mutants, we examined the effects …

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Notch-1 Mediated Cardiac Protection Following Embryonic And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Transplantation In Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure, Hilda Merino, Dinender K. Singla Jan 2014

Notch-1 Mediated Cardiac Protection Following Embryonic And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Transplantation In Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure, Hilda Merino, Dinender K. Singla

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of various cancers, is limited in its clinical applications due to cardiotoxicity. Recent studies suggest that transplanted adult stem cells inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the effects of transplanted embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are completely unknown in DOX-induced left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI). In brief, C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: Sham, DOX-MI, DOX-MI+ cell culture (CC) media, DOX-MI+ ES cells, and DOX-MI+ iPS cells. Mice were injected with cumulative dose of 12 mg/kg of DOX and 2 weeks later, MI was induced …

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Local Sic Photoluminescence Evidence Of Hot Spot Formation And Sub-Thz Coherent Emission From A Rectangular Bi2sr2cacu2o8+Delta Mesa, Hidetoshi Minami, Chiharu Watanabe, Kota Sato, Shunsuke Sekimoto, Takashi Yamamoto, Takanari Kashiwagi, Richard A. Klemm, Kazuo Kadowaki Jan 2014

Local Sic Photoluminescence Evidence Of Hot Spot Formation And Sub-Thz Coherent Emission From A Rectangular Bi2sr2cacu2o8+Delta Mesa, Hidetoshi Minami, Chiharu Watanabe, Kota Sato, Shunsuke Sekimoto, Takashi Yamamoto, Takanari Kashiwagi, Richard A. Klemm, Kazuo Kadowaki

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

From the photoluminescence of SiC microcrystals uniformly covering a rectangular mesa of the high transition temperature T-c superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, the local surface temperature T(r) was directly measured during simultaneous sub-THz emission from the N similar to 10(3) intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in the mesa. At high bias currents I and low bath temperatures T-bath less than or similar to 35 K, the center of a large elliptical hot spot with T(r) > T-c jumps dramatically with little current-voltage characteristic changes. The hot spot does not alter the ubiquitous primary and secondary emission conditions: the ac-Josephson relation and the electromagnetic cavity resonance …

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Targeted Dna Methylation By Homology-Directed Repair In Mammalian Cells. Transcription Reshapes Methylation On The Repaired Gene, Annalisa Morano, Tiziana Angrisano, Giusi Russo, Rosaria Landi, Antonio Pezone, Silvia Bartollino, Candida Zuchegna, Federica Babbio, Ian Marc Bonapace, Brittany Allen, Mark T. Muller, Lorenzo Chiariotti, Max E. Gottesman, Antonio Porcellini, Enrico V. Avvedimento Jan 2014

Targeted Dna Methylation By Homology-Directed Repair In Mammalian Cells. Transcription Reshapes Methylation On The Repaired Gene, Annalisa Morano, Tiziana Angrisano, Giusi Russo, Rosaria Landi, Antonio Pezone, Silvia Bartollino, Candida Zuchegna, Federica Babbio, Ian Marc Bonapace, Brittany Allen, Mark T. Muller, Lorenzo Chiariotti, Max E. Gottesman, Antonio Porcellini, Enrico V. Avvedimento

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We report that homology-directed repair of a DNA double-strand break within a single copy Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene in HeLa cells alters the methylation pattern at the site of recombination. DNA methyl transferase (DNMT)1, DNMT3a and two proteins that regulate methylation, Np95 and GADD45A, are recruited to the site of repair and are responsible for selective methylation of the promoter-distal segment of the repaired DNA. The initial methylation pattern of the locus is modified in a transcription-dependent fashion during the 15-20 days following repair, at which time no further changes in the methylation pattern occur. The variation in DNA …

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A Chemical Biology Approach Identified Pi3k As A Potential Therapeutic Target For Neurofibromatosis Type 2, Alejandra M. Petrilli, Marisa A. Fuse, Mathew S. Donnan, Marga Bott, Nicklaus A. Sparrow, Daniel Tondera, Julia Huffziger, Corina Frenzel, C. Siobhan Malany, Christophe J. Echeverri, Layton Smith, Cristina Fernández-Valle Jan 2014

A Chemical Biology Approach Identified Pi3k As A Potential Therapeutic Target For Neurofibromatosis Type 2, Alejandra M. Petrilli, Marisa A. Fuse, Mathew S. Donnan, Marga Bott, Nicklaus A. Sparrow, Daniel Tondera, Julia Huffziger, Corina Frenzel, C. Siobhan Malany, Christophe J. Echeverri, Layton Smith, Cristina Fernández-Valle

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Mutations in the merlin tumor suppressor gene cause Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), which is a disease characterized by development of multiple benign tumors in the nervous system. The current standard of care for NF2 calls for surgical resection of the characteristic tumors, often with devastating neurological consequences. There are currently no approved non-surgical therapies for NF2. In an attempt to identify much needed targets and therapeutically active compounds for NF2 treatment, we employed a chemical biology approach using ultra-highthroughput screening. To support this goal, we created a merlin-null mouse Schwann cell (MSC) line to screen for compounds that selectively decrease …

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Kruppel-Like Factor 15 Is A Critical Regulator Of Cardiac Lipid Metabolism, Domenick A. Prosdocimo, Priti Anand, Xudong Liao, Han Zhu, Shamanthika Shelkay, Pedro Artero-Caldero, Lilei Zhang, Jacob Kirsh, D'Vesharronne Moore, Mariana G. Rosca, Edwin Vazquez, Janos Kerner, Kemal M. Akat, Zev Williams, Jihe Zhao, Hisashi Fujioka, Thomas Tuschl, Xiaodong Bai, P. Christina Schulze, Charles L. Hoppel, Mukseh K. Jain, Saptarsi M. Halder Jan 2014

Kruppel-Like Factor 15 Is A Critical Regulator Of Cardiac Lipid Metabolism, Domenick A. Prosdocimo, Priti Anand, Xudong Liao, Han Zhu, Shamanthika Shelkay, Pedro Artero-Caldero, Lilei Zhang, Jacob Kirsh, D'Vesharronne Moore, Mariana G. Rosca, Edwin Vazquez, Janos Kerner, Kemal M. Akat, Zev Williams, Jihe Zhao, Hisashi Fujioka, Thomas Tuschl, Xiaodong Bai, P. Christina Schulze, Charles L. Hoppel, Mukseh K. Jain, Saptarsi M. Halder

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Metabolic homeostasis is central to normal cardiac function. The molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic plasticity in the heart remain poorly understood. Results: Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a direct and independent regulator of myocardial lipid flux. Conclusion: KLF15 is a core component of the transcriptional circuitry that governs cardiac metabolism. Significance: This work is the first to implicate the KLF transcription factor family in cardiac metabolism. The mammalian heart, the body's largest energy consumer, has evolved robust mechanisms to tightly couple fuel supply with energy demand across a wide range of physiologic and pathophysiologic states, yet, when compared with other …

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Do Changes In Muscle Architecture Affect Post-Activation Potentiation?, Danielle Reardon, Jay R. Hoffman, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam J. Wells, Adam M. Gonzalez, Adam R. Jajtner, Jeremy R. Townsend, William P. Mccormack, Jeffrey R. Stout, Maren S. Fragala, David H. Fukuda Jan 2014

Do Changes In Muscle Architecture Affect Post-Activation Potentiation?, Danielle Reardon, Jay R. Hoffman, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam J. Wells, Adam M. Gonzalez, Adam R. Jajtner, Jeremy R. Townsend, William P. Mccormack, Jeffrey R. Stout, Maren S. Fragala, David H. Fukuda

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The purpose of this randomized, cross-over design study was to examine the effect of three different muscle potentiation protocols on acute changes in muscle architecture and vertical jump performance. Eleven experienced, resistance trained men (25.2 +/- 3.6y) completed three potentiation squat protocols using moderate intensity (MI; 75%, 3 sets x 10 repetitions), high intensity (HI; 90%, 3 sets x 3 repetitions) and 100% (1RM; 1 set x 1repetition) of their 1RM. In addition, all participants completed a control session (CTL) in which no protocol was performed. During each testing session, muscle architecture and vertical jump testing were assessed at baseline …

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Pathophysiology Of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Revisiting Gastrointestinal Involvement And Immune Imbalance, Mohtashem Samsam, Raheleh Ahangari, Saleh A. Naser Jan 2014

Pathophysiology Of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Revisiting Gastrointestinal Involvement And Immune Imbalance, Mohtashem Samsam, Raheleh Ahangari, Saleh A. Naser

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise a group of neurodevelopmental abnormalities that begin in early childhood and are characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral problems including restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD, most of them are involved in neuronal synaptogenesis. A number of environmental factors and associated conditions such as gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities and immune imbalance have been linked to the pathophysiology of ASD. According to the March 2012 report released by United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of ASD has sharply increased during the recent …

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Continuous And Discrete Schrodinger Systems With Parity-Time-Symmetric Nonlinearities, Amarendra K. Sarma, Mohammad-Ali Miri, Ziad H. Musslimani, Demetrios N. Christodoulides Jan 2014

Continuous And Discrete Schrodinger Systems With Parity-Time-Symmetric Nonlinearities, Amarendra K. Sarma, Mohammad-Ali Miri, Ziad H. Musslimani, Demetrios N. Christodoulides

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We investigate the dynamical behavior of continuous and discrete Schrodinger systems exhibiting parity-time (PT) invariant nonlinearities. We show that such equations behave in a fundamentally different fashion than their nonlinear Schrodinger counterparts. In particular, the PT-symmetric nonlinear Schrodinger equation can simultaneously support both bright and dark soliton solutions. In addition, we study a discretized version of this PT-nonlinear Schrodinger equation on a lattice. When only two elements are involved, by obtaining the underlying invariants, we show that this system is fully integrable and we identify the PT-symmetry-breaking conditions. This arrangement is unique in the sense that the exceptional points are …

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Mid-Infrared Materials And Devices On A Si Platform For Optical Sensing, Vivek Singh, Pao Tai Lin, Neil Patel, Hongtao Lin, Lan Li, Yi Zou, Fei Deng, Chaoying Ni, Juejun Hu, James Giammarco, Anna Paola Soliani, Bogdan Zdyrko, Igor Luzinov, Spencer Novak, Jackie Novak, Peter Wachtel, Sylvain Danto, J David Musgraves, Kathleen Richardson, Lionel C. Kimerling, Anuradha M. Agarwal Jan 2014

Mid-Infrared Materials And Devices On A Si Platform For Optical Sensing, Vivek Singh, Pao Tai Lin, Neil Patel, Hongtao Lin, Lan Li, Yi Zou, Fei Deng, Chaoying Ni, Juejun Hu, James Giammarco, Anna Paola Soliani, Bogdan Zdyrko, Igor Luzinov, Spencer Novak, Jackie Novak, Peter Wachtel, Sylvain Danto, J David Musgraves, Kathleen Richardson, Lionel C. Kimerling, Anuradha M. Agarwal

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

In this article, we review our recent work on mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonic materials and devices fabricated on silicon for on-chip sensing applications. Pedestal waveguides based on silicon are demonstrated as broadband mid-IR sensors. Our low-loss mid-IR directional couplers demonstrated in SiNx waveguides are useful in differential sensing applications. Photonic crystal cavities and microdisk resonators based on chalcogenide glasses for high sensitivity are also demonstrated as effective mid-IR sensors. Polymer-based functionalization layers, to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of our sensor devices, are also presented. We discuss the design of mid-IR chalcogenide waveguides integrated with polycrystalline PbTe detectors on a monolithic …

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Utilization Of Microscale Silicon Cantilevers To Assess Cellular Contractile Function In Vitro, Alec S. T. Smith, Christopher J. Long, Christopher Mcaleer, Nathaniel Bobbitt, Balaji Srinivasan, James J. Hickman Jan 2014

Utilization Of Microscale Silicon Cantilevers To Assess Cellular Contractile Function In Vitro, Alec S. T. Smith, Christopher J. Long, Christopher Mcaleer, Nathaniel Bobbitt, Balaji Srinivasan, James J. Hickman

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The development of more predictive and biologically relevant in vitro assays is predicated on the advancement of versatile cell culture systems which facilitate the functional assessment of the seeded cells. To that end, microscale cantilever technology offers a platform with which to measure the contractile functionality of a range of cell types, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells, through assessment of contraction induced substrate bending. Application of multiplexed cantilever arrays provides the means to develop moderate to high-throughput protocols for assessing drug efficacy and toxicity, disease phenotype and progression, as well as neuromuscular and other cell-cell interactions. This manuscript …

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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Selectively Target Homology Dependent Dna Repair Defective Cells And Elevate Non-Homologous Endjoining Activity, Stephanie Smith, Jennifer Fox, Marco Mejia, Wanvipa Ruangpradit, Alihossein Saberi, Sunmi Kim, Yongjum Choi, Sehyun Oh, Yucai Wang, Kyungho Choi, Lei Li, Eric A. Hendrickson, Shunichi Takeda, Mark Muller, Kyungjae Myung Jan 2014

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Selectively Target Homology Dependent Dna Repair Defective Cells And Elevate Non-Homologous Endjoining Activity, Stephanie Smith, Jennifer Fox, Marco Mejia, Wanvipa Ruangpradit, Alihossein Saberi, Sunmi Kim, Yongjum Choi, Sehyun Oh, Yucai Wang, Kyungho Choi, Lei Li, Eric A. Hendrickson, Shunichi Takeda, Mark Muller, Kyungjae Myung

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: We have previously used the ATAD5-luciferase high-throughput screening assay to identify genotoxic compounds with potential chemotherapeutic capabilities. The successful identification of known genotoxic agents, including the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA), confirmed the specificity of the screen since TSA has been widely studied for its ability to cause apoptosis in cancer cells. Because many cancers have acquired mutations in DNA damage checkpoints or repair pathways, we hypothesized that these cancers may be susceptible to treatments that target compensatory pathways. Here, we used a panel of isogenic chicken DT40 B lymphocyte mutant and human cell lines to investigate …

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Rampant Nuclear Insertion Of Mtdna Across Diverse Lineages Within Orthoptera (Insecta), Hojun Song, Matthew J. Moulton, Michael F. Whiting Jan 2014

Rampant Nuclear Insertion Of Mtdna Across Diverse Lineages Within Orthoptera (Insecta), Hojun Song, Matthew J. Moulton, Michael F. Whiting

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) are non-functional fragments of mtDNA inserted into the nuclear genome. Numts are prevalent across eukaryotes and a positive correlation is known to exist between the number of numts and the genome size. Most numt surveys have relied on model organisms with fully sequenced nuclear genomes, but such analyses have limited utilities for making a generalization about the patterns of numt accumulation for any given clade. Among insects, the order Orthoptera is known to have the largest nuclear genome and it is also reported to include several species with a large number of numts. In this study, …

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Death And Disability In A Younge Phase Community, Michael W. Spence, Lana J. Williams, Sandra M. Wheeler Jan 2014

Death And Disability In A Younge Phase Community, Michael W. Spence, Lana J. Williams, Sandra M. Wheeler

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Roffelsen is an early Younge phase mortuary component in southwestern Ontario. The single burial feature is a pit containing the articulated skeletons of seven successively buried individuals, ranging in age from a few months to late middle age. All had been stripped of soft tissues, except for the connecting tissues that maintained their articulation. Most also had a disk cut from the cranium and a hole drilled near bregma. All but the Want display various forms of developmental failure of the outer and middle ear and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The pit was apparently the burial facility …

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Growth Hormone Action Predicts Age-Related White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction And Senescent Cell Burden In Mice, Michael B. Stout, Tamara Tchkonia, Tamar Pirtskhalava, Allyson K. Palmer, Edward O. List, Darlene E. Berryman, Ellen R. Lubbers, Carlos Escande, Adam Spong, Michal M. Masternak, Ann L. Oberg, Nathan K. Lebrasseur, Richard A. Miller, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke, James L. Kirkland Jan 2014

Growth Hormone Action Predicts Age-Related White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction And Senescent Cell Burden In Mice, Michael B. Stout, Tamara Tchkonia, Tamar Pirtskhalava, Allyson K. Palmer, Edward O. List, Darlene E. Berryman, Ellen R. Lubbers, Carlos Escande, Adam Spong, Michal M. Masternak, Ann L. Oberg, Nathan K. Lebrasseur, Richard A. Miller, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke, James L. Kirkland

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The aging process is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. White adipose tissue (WAT) may play a central role in age-related disease onset and progression due to declines in adipogenesis with advancing age. Recent reports indicate that the accumulation of senescent progenitor cells may be involved in age-related WAT dysfunction. Growth hormone (GH) action has profound effects on adiposity and metabolism and is known to influence lifespan. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that GH activity would predict age-related WAT dysfunction and accumulation of senescent cells. We found that long-lived GH-deficient and -resistant mice have reduced …

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Targeting The Biophysical Properties Of The Myeloma Initiating Cell Niches: A Pharmaceutical Synergism Analysis Using Multi-Scale Agent-Based Modeling, Jing Su, Le Zhang, Wen Zhang, Dong Song Choi, Jianguo Wen, Beini Jiang, Chung-Che Chang, Xiaobo Zhou Jan 2014

Targeting The Biophysical Properties Of The Myeloma Initiating Cell Niches: A Pharmaceutical Synergism Analysis Using Multi-Scale Agent-Based Modeling, Jing Su, Le Zhang, Wen Zhang, Dong Song Choi, Jianguo Wen, Beini Jiang, Chung-Che Chang, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Multiple myeloma, the second most common hematological cancer, is currently incurable due to refractory disease relapse and development of multiple drug resistance. We and others recently established the biophysical model that myeloma initiating (stem) cells (MICs) trigger the stiffening of their niches via SDF-1/CXCR4 paracrine; The stiffened niches then promote the colonogenesis of MICs and protect them from drug treatment. In this work we examined in silico the pharmaceutical potential of targeting MIC niche stiffness to facilitate cytotoxic chemotherapies. We first established a multi-scale agent-based model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to recapitulate the niche stiffness centric, pro-oncogenetic …

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Toll Mediated Infection Response Is Altered By Gravity And Spaceflight In Drosophila, Katherine Taylor, Kurt Kleinhesselink, Michael D. George, Rachel Morgan, Tangi Smallwood, Ann S. Hammonds, Patrick M. Fuller, Perot Saelao, Jeff Alley, Allen G. Gibbs, Deborah K. Hoshizaki, Laurence Von Kalm, Charles A. Fuller, Kathleen M. Beckingham, Deborah A. Kimbrell Jan 2014

Toll Mediated Infection Response Is Altered By Gravity And Spaceflight In Drosophila, Katherine Taylor, Kurt Kleinhesselink, Michael D. George, Rachel Morgan, Tangi Smallwood, Ann S. Hammonds, Patrick M. Fuller, Perot Saelao, Jeff Alley, Allen G. Gibbs, Deborah K. Hoshizaki, Laurence Von Kalm, Charles A. Fuller, Kathleen M. Beckingham, Deborah A. Kimbrell

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Space travel presents unlimited opportunities for exploration and discovery, but requires better understanding of the biological consequences of long-term exposure to spaceflight. Immune function in particular is relevant for space travel. Human immune responses are weakened in space, with increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections and immune-related conditions. In addition, microorganisms can become more virulent in space, causing further challenges to health. To understand these issues better and to contribute to design of effective countermeasures, we used the Drosophila model of innate immunity to study immune responses in both hypergravity and spaceflight. Focusing on infections mediated through the conserved Toll and …

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Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Of Carbonaceous Chondrite Meteorites, Asmail Habach Jan 2014

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Of Carbonaceous Chondrite Meteorites, Asmail Habach

HIM 1990-2015

Analyzing the constituents of meteorites has played an important role in forming the contemporary theories of solar system evolution, planets formation, and stellar evolution. Meteorites are often a complex mixture of common rock forming silicates, such as olivines and pyroxenes, with a range of exotic species including hydrated silicates, and in some cases organic compounds. We used Micro-Raman spectroscopy to analyze the compositions of three carbonaceous chondrites: NWA852, Murchison and Allende. Raman spectra were measured using laser sources with different excitation wavelengths: HeNe 633 nm and Nd:YAG 532 nm. We were able to detect 9 minerals in NWA852, 3 minerals …

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In Vitro Selection Of Dna Aptamers Against Prostate Cancer Peptide Biomarkers, Elif Kuguoglu Jan 2014

In Vitro Selection Of Dna Aptamers Against Prostate Cancer Peptide Biomarkers, Elif Kuguoglu

HIM 1990-2015

This project is aimed toward finding DNA aptamers against prostate cancer peptide antigens. DNA aptamers can function to find and indicate the presence of certain molecules in a specimen. These aptamers will be obtained through the process of evolutionary selection, a specific process called SELEX which stands for Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Experimental Enrichment. By conducting several rounds of SELEX, a DNA aptamer will be selected to bind to a known peptide antigen. A biotinylated column will be utilized to stabilize a random library of DNA aptamers, and those peptides that bind to certain aptamers will cause a conformational …

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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Regulation Of Efflux Pump Tap By Transcriptional Activator Whib7, Aaron Pollock Jan 2014

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Regulation Of Efflux Pump Tap By Transcriptional Activator Whib7, Aaron Pollock

HIM 1990-2015

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a debilitating disease that affects the health of millions annually. Understanding its ability to persist within host and resist eradication by antibiotics is of utmost importance in the effort to develop new interventions. This study will focus on the transcriptional activator WhiB7 and its regulation of the multidrug Tap efflux pump encoded by Rv1258c. WhiB7 is thought to respond to redox stress induced by antibiotics and a variety of in vivo stresses by activating multiple genes including Rv1258c. Much remains to be determined regarding the role of WhiB7 and downstream genes in Mtb …

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Neuroimaging In Human Category Learning: A Comparison Between Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Fnir) And Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri), Carina Viegas Jan 2014

Neuroimaging In Human Category Learning: A Comparison Between Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Fnir) And Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri), Carina Viegas

HIM 1990-2015

The objective of this thesis is to examine the validity of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) to examine brain regions involved in rule based (RB) and information integration (II) category learning. We predicted similar patterns of activation found by past studies that used fMRI scans. Our goal was to test if fNIR would be able to detect changes in blood oxygenation levels of participants who learned to categorize (learners) vs. those that did not (non learners). The stimulus set comprised of lines that differed in length and orientation. Participants had to learn to categorize by trial and error based on the …

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Understanding The Role Of A Hemerythrin-Like Protein In Mycobacterium Tumerculosis, Caitlyn Herndon Jan 2014

Understanding The Role Of A Hemerythrin-Like Protein In Mycobacterium Tumerculosis, Caitlyn Herndon

HIM 1990-2015

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 8 million people each year are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leading to 1.5 million deaths annually. This staggering number calls for advancements in understanding this bacterium so progress can be made in treating and preventing the disease. It is particularly important to understand mechanisms by which TB survives inside hostile host immune cells known as macrophages and within hypoxic granuloma lesions of the lung. Preliminary microarray data has shown that a TB gene known as Rv2633c is induced upon macrophage invasion. Bioinformatic analysis of Rv2633c coding sequence shows the …

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3-Amino-2-Piperidinequinoline A Novel Natural Product-Inspiried Synthetic Compound With Antimalarial Activity, Cristhian Valor Jan 2014

3-Amino-2-Piperidinequinoline A Novel Natural Product-Inspiried Synthetic Compound With Antimalarial Activity, Cristhian Valor

HIM 1990-2015

Malaria afflicts about 500 million people worldwide thus causing significant global economic toll. The drugs available to treat the disease are rapidly losing their efficacy because of widespread prevalence of drug resistant parasites. Thus there is an urgent need to discover novel malaria therapeutics. This research is focused on to study the properties of a novel naturallike synthetic scaffold and analyze its selectivity, and cellular mechanism of action in Plasmodium falciparum. We have identified a novel compound, 3-amino-2-piperidinequinoline (APQ), which we termed UCF401. APQ demonstrated IC[sub50] at submicromolar concentrations against Plasmodium falciparum using the SYBR Green-I fluorescence assay measuring cellular …

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The Role Of Intestinal Sweet Taste Receptors (Strs) In The Regulation Of Glucose Absorption: Effects Of Short Term High Sucrose Diet (Hsd), Tania Hussain Jan 2014

The Role Of Intestinal Sweet Taste Receptors (Strs) In The Regulation Of Glucose Absorption: Effects Of Short Term High Sucrose Diet (Hsd), Tania Hussain

HIM 1990-2015

Sweet taste receptors are primarily found in the oral cavity of the mammalian species. However, recent studies have shown that sweet taste receptors can be found in extraoral tissues such as the pancreas, intestines, and adipose tissue. Our lab has previously found that sweet taste receptors are down-regulated on the pancreas in the presence of high plasma glucose levels. In order to assess the possibility that sweet taste receptors respond to high levels of glucose by suppressing its expression, we wanted to see if they reacted similarly on the intestines. We found that intestinal sweet taste receptors are down regulated …

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Migrant Labor, Development, And Hiv In Botswana, William Kearns Jan 2014

Migrant Labor, Development, And Hiv In Botswana, William Kearns

HIM 1990-2015

At independence, Botswana was highly underdeveloped and reliant on external capital earned through migrant labor. This presented several challenges to development despite the discovery of diamonds shortly after independence. However, no challenge was greater than the HIV epidemic which came to infect one in four Batswana. This thesis discusses the historical factors which promoted the spread of the virus in the greater context of migrant labor and development within Botswana.

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University Of Central Florida Factbook 2013-2014, University Of Central Florida Jan 2014

University Of Central Florida Factbook 2013-2014, University Of Central Florida

Historical Fact Book and Enrollment

Historical fact book and enrollment data for the University of Central Florida.

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Dissipative Solitons Of Self-Induced Transparency, G. T. Adamashvili, D. J. Kaup, A. Knorr Jan 2014

Dissipative Solitons Of Self-Induced Transparency, G. T. Adamashvili, D. J. Kaup, A. Knorr

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

A theory of dispersive soliton of the self-induced transparency in a medium consisting of atoms or semiconductor quantum dots of two types is considered. A two-component medium is modeled by a set of two-level atoms of two types embedded into a conductive host material. These types of atoms correspond to passive atoms (attenuator atoms) and active atoms (amplifier atoms) with inverse population of the energetic levels. The complete solution is given of the Maxwell-Bloch equations for ensembles of two-type atoms with different parameters and different initial conditions by inverse scattering transform. The solutions of the Maxwell-Bloch equations for many-component atomic …

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The Effect Of Calorie Restriction On Insulin Signaling In Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Of Ames Dwarf Mice, Denise S. Wiesenborn, Vinal Menon, Xu Zhi, Andrew Do, Adam Gesing, Zhihui Wang, Andrzek Bartke, Deborah A. Altomare, Michal M. Masternak Jan 2014

The Effect Of Calorie Restriction On Insulin Signaling In Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Of Ames Dwarf Mice, Denise S. Wiesenborn, Vinal Menon, Xu Zhi, Andrew Do, Adam Gesing, Zhihui Wang, Andrzek Bartke, Deborah A. Altomare, Michal M. Masternak

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Long-living Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are homozygous for a mutation of the Prop1(df) gene. As a result, mice are deficient in growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH). In spite of the hormonal deficiencies, df/df mice live significantly longer and healthier lives compared to their wild type siblings. We studied the effects of calorie restriction (CR) on the expression of insulin signaling genes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of normal and df/df mice. The analysis of genes expression showed that CR differentially affects the insulin signaling pathway in these insulin target organs. Moreover, results obtained in both normal …

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Contrast Agents For Photoacoustic And Thermoacoustic Imaging: A Review, Dan Wu, Lin Huang, Max S. Jiang, Huabei Jiang Jan 2014

Contrast Agents For Photoacoustic And Thermoacoustic Imaging: A Review, Dan Wu, Lin Huang, Max S. Jiang, Huabei Jiang

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) are two emerging biomedical imaging techniques that both utilize ultrasonic signals as an information carrier. Unique advantages of PAI and TAI are their abilities to provide high resolution functional information such as hemoglobin and blood oxygenation and tissue dielectric properties relevant to physiology and pathology. These two methods, however, may have a limited detection depth and lack of endogenous contrast. An exogenous contrast agent is often needed to effectively resolve these problems. Such agents are able to greatly enhance the imaging contrast and potentially break through the imaging depth limit. Furthermore, a receptor-targeted …

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Latent Factor Modeling Of Four Schizotypy Dimensions With Theory Of Mind And Empathy, Jeffrey S. Bedwell, Michael T. Compton, Florian G. Jentsch, Andrew E. Deptula, Sandra M. Goulding, Erin B. Tone Jan 2014

Latent Factor Modeling Of Four Schizotypy Dimensions With Theory Of Mind And Empathy, Jeffrey S. Bedwell, Michael T. Compton, Florian G. Jentsch, Andrew E. Deptula, Sandra M. Goulding, Erin B. Tone

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Preliminary evidence suggests that theory of mind and empathy relate differentially to factors of schizotypy. The current study assessed 686 undergraduate students and used structural equation modeling to examine links between a four-factor model of schizotypy with performance on measures of theory of mind (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test [MIE]) and empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index [IRI]). Schizotypy was assessed using three self-report measures which were simultaneously entered into the model. Results revealed that the Negative factor of schizotypy showed a negative relationship with the Empathy factor, which was primarily driven by the Empathic Concern subscale of the IRI …

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