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2014

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The Evolution Toward Judicial Independence In The Continuing Quest For Lgbt Equality, Susan J. Becker Jan 2014

The Evolution Toward Judicial Independence In The Continuing Quest For Lgbt Equality, Susan J. Becker

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

Judicial decisions that hold same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional, no matter how that conclusion is reached, overturn laws or constitutional provisions that were passed with the support of a democratic majority. This Article takes an in-depth look at judicial activism and judicial independence to determine whether such victories for same-sex litigants were done properly by the judiciary. In the eyes of the Framers, an independent judiciary was to be a crucial check on the other branches’ constitutional limitations. With this in mind, judicial independence—where, in contrast with activism, judges meticulously apply the well-examined facts to controlling precedent without accounting for majority …

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Polyaniline In Situ Grafted To Graphene Sheets, Erwin P. Enriquez, Elliard Roswell S. Yanza, Geoffrey Matthew C. Tan, Christine Joy Querebilo, Armando Somintac, Arnel Salvador Jan 2014

Polyaniline In Situ Grafted To Graphene Sheets, Erwin P. Enriquez, Elliard Roswell S. Yanza, Geoffrey Matthew C. Tan, Christine Joy Querebilo, Armando Somintac, Arnel Salvador

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Graphene is one of the most promising allotropes of carbon with wide applications in nanotechnology. Modification of graphene by chemical means can further expand its uses. Here, liquid-exfoliated graphene is functionalized with p-aminophenyl moiety using p-nitrophenyl diazonium salts which were diazotized in situ then reduced by tin(II) chloride. The aminophenyl-graphene thus produced is further modified to form polyaniline-graphene (PANI-GNH) by in situ oxidative graft polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxydisulfate as oxidizing agent. The properties of the PANI-GNH were compared with polyaniline/graphene blends by Raman, infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Indeed, PANI-GNH registered different spectrochemical and electrochemical properties …

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The Association Of Cold Weather And All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In The Island Of Ireland Between 1984 And 2007, Ariana Zeka, Stephen Browne, Helen Mcavoy, Patrick Goodman Jan 2014

The Association Of Cold Weather And All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In The Island Of Ireland Between 1984 And 2007, Ariana Zeka, Stephen Browne, Helen Mcavoy, Patrick Goodman

Articles

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between cold temperature and daily mortality in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI), and to explore any differences in the population responses between the two jurisdictions. Methods: A time-stratified case-crossover approach was used to examine this relationship in two adult national populations, between 1984 and 2007. Daily mortality risk was examined in association with exposure to daily maximum temperatures on the same day and up to 6 weeks preceding death, during the winter (December-February) and an extended cold period (October-March), using distributed lag models. Model stratification by age and …

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H-Index For Quantifying The Fractal Or Scaling Structure Of Geographic Features, Bin Jiang, Junjun Yin Jan 2014

H-Index For Quantifying The Fractal Or Scaling Structure Of Geographic Features, Bin Jiang, Junjun Yin

Articles

Although geographic features, such as mountains and coastlines, are fractal, some studies have claimed that the fractal property is not universal. This claim, which is dubious, is mainly attributed to the strict definition of fractal dimension as a measure or index for characterizing the complexity of fractals. In this article, we propose an alternative, ht-index, to quantify the fractal or scaling structure of geographic features. A geographic feature has ht-index (h) if the pattern of far more small things than large ones recurs (h – 1) times at different scales. The higher the ht-index, the more complex …

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Selection Of Preprocessing Methodology For Multivariate Regression Of Cellular Ftir And Raman Spectra In Radiobiological Analyses, Aidan Meade, Colin Clarke, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng Jan 2014

Selection Of Preprocessing Methodology For Multivariate Regression Of Cellular Ftir And Raman Spectra In Radiobiological Analyses, Aidan Meade, Colin Clarke, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng

Conference papers

Vibrational spectra of biological species suffer from the influence of many extraneous interfering factors that require removal through preprocessing before analysis. The present study was conducted to optimise the preprocessing methodology and variable subset selection during regression of and confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) and Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) spectra against ionizing radiation dose. Skin cells were γ-irradiated in-vitro and their Raman and FTIRM spectra were used to retrospectively predict the radiation dose using linear and nonlinear partial least squares (PLS) regression algorithms in addition to support vector regression (SVR). The optimal preprocessing methodology (which comprised combinations of spectral filtering, …

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Optimal Fuzzy Load Frequency Controller With Simultaneous Auto-Tuned Membership Functions And Fuzzy Control Rules, Abas Ali Zamani, Ehsan Bijami, Farid Sheikholeslam, Bahram Jafrasteh Jan 2014

Optimal Fuzzy Load Frequency Controller With Simultaneous Auto-Tuned Membership Functions And Fuzzy Control Rules, Abas Ali Zamani, Ehsan Bijami, Farid Sheikholeslam, Bahram Jafrasteh

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, an auto-tuned fuzzy load frequency controller (FLFC)-based artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is developed to quench the deviations in the frequency and tie-line power due to load disturbances in an interconnected power system. Optimal tuning of membership functions (MFs) and fuzzy control rules is very important to improve the design performance and achieve a satisfactory level of robustness for a particular operation. In this work, to reduce the fuzzy system design effort and take large parametric uncertainties into account, a new systematic and simultaneous tuning method is developed for designing MFs and fuzzy rules. For this, the …

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A Method To Modify Angle-Stable Intramedullary Nail Construct Compliance, Patrick Atkinson, B. P. Flanagan, D. Lecronier, M. R. Kubacki, P. Telehowski Jan 2014

A Method To Modify Angle-Stable Intramedullary Nail Construct Compliance, Patrick Atkinson, B. P. Flanagan, D. Lecronier, M. R. Kubacki, P. Telehowski

Mechanical Engineering Publications

Traditional interlocked intramedullary (IM) nails have recently been modified to provide enhanced angular stability. These so-called ‘angle-stable’ IM nails are designed to eliminate construct toggle and also provide increased axial, bending, and torsional stiffness. While this added stability is needed for small fracture gaps to heal, angle-stable nails may be too stiff for large fracture gaps to unite. Even though relative stability is recommended for large fracture gaps, recent in vivo data indicates that traditional nails may allow for too much motion for healing to occur. The current study evaluated a modified technique for implanting an angle-stable nail which allows …

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Moving Toward Human Rights Principles For Intercountry Adoption, Marie A. Failinger Jan 2014

Moving Toward Human Rights Principles For Intercountry Adoption, Marie A. Failinger

North Carolina Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

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Continuing The 'Continua' I:Application Of Thin Plywood In Construction Through Biologically Inspired Approach, Marcin Wójcik, Sylwia Kłaczyńska Jan 2014

Continuing The 'Continua' I:Application Of Thin Plywood In Construction Through Biologically Inspired Approach, Marcin Wójcik, Sylwia Kłaczyńska

Conference papers

This paper investigates a possibility of application of thin (ca. 5 mm) plywood as structural material. It takes departure from the Erwin Hauer’s ‘Continua’series, and proposes how it could be developed with the contemporary digital tools and by following the biological paradigm. The objective is to develop a new system that minimises wastage as well as to test how the resulting structure performance.

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Continuing The ‘Continua’ Ii: Application Of Thin Plywood In Construction Through Biologically Inspired Approach, Marcin Wójcik, Sylwia Kłaczyńska Jan 2014

Continuing The ‘Continua’ Ii: Application Of Thin Plywood In Construction Through Biologically Inspired Approach, Marcin Wójcik, Sylwia Kłaczyńska

Conference papers

No abstract provided.

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Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Parents Regarding Antibiotic Use In Children, Saad Siddiqui, Mubeen Sultan Cheema, Romana Ayub, Noreen Shah, Ameer Hamza, Sheraz Hussain, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Syed Musa Raza Jan 2014

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Parents Regarding Antibiotic Use In Children, Saad Siddiqui, Mubeen Sultan Cheema, Romana Ayub, Noreen Shah, Ameer Hamza, Sheraz Hussain, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Syed Musa Raza

Department of Radiology

Background: Emerging resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapy is becoming a challenge for medicine in recent times. Un-prescribed use of antibiotics is a major contributor to development of this problem. In Pakistan access to antibiotics remains unchecked and hence results in it are over use. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of parents regarding use of antibiotics, its associated problems, their source of information and their expectations from Paediatricians for prescription of anti-biotics.Methods: This is a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted in Hayatabad town, District Peshawar. Parents who were consenting, had children aged between 0-16 years, and were …

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President's Annual Report, Brooks Keel Jan 2014

President's Annual Report, Brooks Keel

Office of the President: Annual Report (Archived)

No abstract provided.

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Multipolarity, Intellectual Property, And The Internationalization Of Public Health Law, Sam Halabi Jan 2014

Multipolarity, Intellectual Property, And The Internationalization Of Public Health Law, Sam Halabi

Articles, Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works

This Article critically examines the proliferation of international legal agreements addressing global health threats like the outbreak of infectious diseases, tobacco use and lack of access to affordable medicines. The conventional wisdom behind this trend is that a global normative shift has occurred which has caused states to regard health as “special” and less subject to the normal rules of international law making because health threats endanger all of humanity. This Article challenges that thesis, arguing that at the same time the number and scope of international health law treaties has grown, developed states have subordinated health law to intellectual …

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Towards Analytical Techniques For Optimizing Knowledge Acquisition, Processing, Propagation, And Use In Cyberinfrastructure, Leonardo Octavio Lerma Jan 2014

Towards Analytical Techniques For Optimizing Knowledge Acquisition, Processing, Propagation, And Use In Cyberinfrastructure, Leonardo Octavio Lerma

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

For many decades, there has been a continuous progress in science and engineering applications. A large part of this progress comes from the new knowledge that researchers acquire, propagate, and use. This new knowledge has revolutionized many aspects of our life, from driving to communications to shopping. Somewhat surprisingly, there is one area of human activity which is the least impacted by the modern technological progress: the very processes of acquiring, processing, and propagating information. When we decide where to place sensors, which algorithm to use for processing the data - we rely mostly on our own intuition and on …

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Carnosic Acid Enriched Rosemary Extract Prevents Obesity And Metabolic Syndrome In High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice, Rashin Sedighi Jan 2014

Carnosic Acid Enriched Rosemary Extract Prevents Obesity And Metabolic Syndrome In High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice, Rashin Sedighi

Dissertations

The objective of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of rosemary leaf extract (RE) and its active components on prevention of weight gain and associated metabolic disorders in high-fat-fed mice; determine the effective doses of the chief compound in RE to reduce weight gain and hyperglycemia; and try to understand the underlying anti-obesity mechanism. For this purpose, commercial RE with 45% carnosic acid (CA) was enriched with CA to 80%. Animals were given low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), high fat with 0.50% RE (enriched with 45% CA, RE#1), high fat with 0.28% w/w RE (enriched with 80% …

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Getting Plant Conservation Right (Or Not): The Case Of The United States, Kayri Havens, Andrea T. Kramer, Edward O. Guerrant Jr. Jan 2014

Getting Plant Conservation Right (Or Not): The Case Of The United States, Kayri Havens, Andrea T. Kramer, Edward O. Guerrant Jr.

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Effective plant conservation includes addressing basic needs such as information about species distribution and rarity; research, management, education, and training capacity to mitigate threats facing threatened species; policy and funding to support continued capacity and conservation; and, ultimately, a public that understands and supports the importance of plants and the need for their conservation. Coordination of plant conservation efforts is also needed to ensure that resources and expertise are used in a strategic, efficient, and effective manner.We argue that no country is currently getting plant conservation right; plants are becoming increasingly rare around the world. Plants are often not fully …

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Ultra Clean Coal Production Using Dense Medium Separation For The Silicon Market, Seyed Hassan Amini Jan 2014

Ultra Clean Coal Production Using Dense Medium Separation For The Silicon Market, Seyed Hassan Amini

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

The production of high quality silicon requires the use of ultraclean coal containing less than 1.5% ash. The magnetite used to clean the coal in a dense medium process is a contaminant that seriously impacts the quality of the final silicon product. As such, research has been conducted to evaluate the potential to substitute the magnetite with fine silica–based alternative material generated during the silicon production process. Dense medium cyclone tests were performed based on a statistically designed program to determine the optimum conditions that maximize organic efficiency and minimize probable error and low–density bypass. The results revealed that a …

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Culture Wars: A Quest For Justice In Arizona, Crystal Lynne Pfeiffer Jan 2014

Culture Wars: A Quest For Justice In Arizona, Crystal Lynne Pfeiffer

Master's Theses

The Southwest is the location of an ongoing culture clash between proponents of a unified "American" culture and Mexican-American culture. The significance of the debate is not just about Mexican-American studies; it reflects a broader debate about individual and collective identity in the United States. The two cultures have historically had a contentious relationship that is further intensified by their geographical proximity to one another. Some of the tensions have culminated in a conflict within the school system between supporters and opponents of Mexican-American studies. One side of the debate sees the program as a means to help students succeed …

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"Not Without Political Power": Gays And Lesbians, Equal Protection, Darren Lenard Hutchinson Jan 2014

"Not Without Political Power": Gays And Lesbians, Equal Protection, Darren Lenard Hutchinson

UF Law Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court purportedly utilizes the suspect class doctrine in order to balance institutional concerns with the protection of important constitutional rights. The Court, however, inconsistently applies this doctrine, and it has not precisely defined its contours. The political powerlessness factor is especially undertheorized and contradictorily applied. Nevertheless, this factor has become salient in recent equal protection cases brought by gay and lesbian plaintiffs. A growing body of and federal and state-court precedent addresses the flaws of the Court's suspect class doctrine. This Article discusses the inadequacies of the suspect class doctrine and highlights problems within the emerging scholarship and …

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Spectral Analysis Of Winter Wheat Leaves For Detection And Differentiation Of Diseases And Insects, Lin Yuan, Yanbo Huang, Rebecca W. Loraamm, Chenwei Nie, Jihua Wang, Jingcheng Zhang Jan 2014

Spectral Analysis Of Winter Wheat Leaves For Detection And Differentiation Of Diseases And Insects, Lin Yuan, Yanbo Huang, Rebecca W. Loraamm, Chenwei Nie, Jihua Wang, Jingcheng Zhang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) infestation are three serious conditions that have a severe impact on yield and grain quality of winter wheat worldwide. Discrimination among these three stressors is of practical importance, given that specific procedures (i.e. adoption of fungicide and insecticide) are needed to treat different diseases and insects. This study examines the potential of hyperspectral sensor systems in discriminating these three stressors at leaf level. Reflectance spectra of leaves infected with yellow rust, powdery mildew and aphids were measured at the …

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Enhanced Expression Of Codon Optimized Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Antigens In Lactobacillus Salivarius, Christopher D. Johnston, John Bannantine, Rodney Govender, Lorraine Endersen, Daniel Pletzer, Helge Weingart, Aidan Coffey, Jim O’Mahony, Roy D. Sleator Jan 2014

Enhanced Expression Of Codon Optimized Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Antigens In Lactobacillus Salivarius, Christopher D. Johnston, John Bannantine, Rodney Govender, Lorraine Endersen, Daniel Pletzer, Helge Weingart, Aidan Coffey, Jim O’Mahony, Roy D. Sleator

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

It is well documented that open reading frames containing high GC content show poor expression in A+T rich hosts. Specifically, G+C-rich codon usage is a limiting factor in heterologous expression of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) proteins using Lactobacillus salivarius. However, re-engineering opening reading frames through synonymous substitutions can offset codon bias and greatly enhance MAP protein production in this host. In this report, we demonstrate that codon-usage manipulation of MAP2121c can enhance the heterologous expression of the major membrane protein (MMP), analogous to the form in which it is produced natively by MAP bacilli. When heterologously over-expressed, antigenic determinants …

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Climate Forecasts For Corn Producer Decision Making, Eugene S. Takle, Christopher J. Anderson, Jeffrey Andresen, James Angel, Roger Wesley Elmore, Benjamin M. Gramig, Patrick Guinan, Steven Hilberg, Doug Kluck, Raymond Massey, Dev Niyogi, Jeanne M. Schneider, Martha D. Shulski, Dennis Todey, Melissa Widhalm Jan 2014

Climate Forecasts For Corn Producer Decision Making, Eugene S. Takle, Christopher J. Anderson, Jeffrey Andresen, James Angel, Roger Wesley Elmore, Benjamin M. Gramig, Patrick Guinan, Steven Hilberg, Doug Kluck, Raymond Massey, Dev Niyogi, Jeanne M. Schneider, Martha D. Shulski, Dennis Todey, Melissa Widhalm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Corn is the most widely grown crop in the Americas, with annual production in the United States of approximately 332 million metric tons. Improved climate forecasts, together with climate-related decision tools for corn producers based on these improved forecasts, could substantially reduce uncertainty and increase profitability for corn producers. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint climate information developers, climate information users, and climate researchers with an overview of weather conditions throughout the year that affect corn production as well as forecast content and timing needed by producers. The authors provide a graphic depicting the climate-informed decision cycle, which …

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Biology And Management Of Psocids Infesting Stored Products, Manoj K. Nayak, Patrick J. Collins, James E. Throne, Jin-Jun Wang Jan 2014

Biology And Management Of Psocids Infesting Stored Products, Manoj K. Nayak, Patrick J. Collins, James E. Throne, Jin-Jun Wang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Previously regarded as minor nuisance pests, psocids belonging to the genus Liposcelis now pose a major problem for the effective protection of stored products worldwide. Here we examine the apparent biological and operational reasons behind this phenomenon and why conventional pest management seems to be failing. We investigate what is known about the biology, behavior, and population dynamics of major pest species to ascertain their strengths, and perhaps find weaknesses, as a basis for a rational pest management strategy. We outline the contribution of molecular techniques to clarifying species identification and understanding genetic diversity. We discuss progress in sampling and …

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Artificial Diets Used In Mass Production Of The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, H Chen, M F. Chaudhury, A Sagel, P L. Philips, S R. Skoda Jan 2014

Artificial Diets Used In Mass Production Of The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, H Chen, M F. Chaudhury, A Sagel, P L. Philips, S R. Skoda

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique. This success has been based on mass production of high-quality screwworms using artificial diets since 1958. Many diet formulations for both larvae and adults have been developed, mainly driven by cost efficiency and material supply. However, only four larval and two adult diet formulations have been applied in the six sterile fly mass production plants in the USA, Mexico and Panama. Herein, we briefly review the history of screwworm diet research and development, introduce the diet formulations used …

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Competition Between The Filth Fly Parasitoids Muscidifurax Raptor And M. Raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), C J. Geden, D M. Johnson, P E. Kaufman, C K. Boohene Jan 2014

Competition Between The Filth Fly Parasitoids Muscidifurax Raptor And M. Raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), C J. Geden, D M. Johnson, P E. Kaufman, C K. Boohene

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Competition bioassays were conducted with the filth fly pupal parasitoids Muscidurax raptor (Girault & Sanders) and M. raptorellus (Kogan & Legner) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) using house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) hosts at different host densities. Muscidifurax raptor had a significant impact on M. raptorellus when hosts were limiting in sequential parasitism tests. Fewer than six M. raptorellus adult progeny emerged from groups of 50 fly pupae that were parasitized by M. raptor at the same time or when M. raptor parasitism preceded M. raptorellus by 48 h, respectively, compared with 42-55 M. raptorellus progeny produced when this species was …

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The Molecular Basis Of Peanut Allergy, Geoffrey A. Mueller, Soheila J. Maleki, Lars C. Pedersen Jan 2014

The Molecular Basis Of Peanut Allergy, Geoffrey A. Mueller, Soheila J. Maleki, Lars C. Pedersen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Peanut allergens can trigger a potent and sometimes dangerous immune response in an increasing number of people. The molecular structures of these allergens form the basis for understanding this response. This review describes the currently known peanut allergen structures and discusses how modifications both enzymatic and non-enzymatic affect digestion, innate immune recognition, and IgE interactions. The allergen structures help explain cross-reactivity among allergens from different sources, which is useful in improving patient diagnostics. Surprisingly, it was recently noted that similar short peptide sequences among unrelated peanut allergens could also be a source of cross-reactivity. The molecular features of peanut allergens …

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Artificial Diets Used In Mass Production Of The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, S. R. Skoda, H. Chen, M. F. Chaudhurry, A. Sagel, P. L. Phillips Jan 2014

Artificial Diets Used In Mass Production Of The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, S. R. Skoda, H. Chen, M. F. Chaudhurry, A. Sagel, P. L. Phillips

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique. This success has been based on mass production of high-quality screwworms using artificial diets since 1958. Many diet formulations for both larvae and adults have been developed, mainly driven by cost efficiency and material supply. However, only four larval and two adult diet formulations have been applied in the six sterile fly mass production plants in the USA, Mexico and Panama. Herein, we briefly review the history of screwworm diet research and development, introduce the diet formulations used …

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Switchgrass, Robert B. Mitchell, D. K. Lee, Mitchael Casler Jan 2014

Switchgrass, Robert B. Mitchell, D. K. Lee, Mitchael Casler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennialwarm-season grass native to the grasslands of North America, is a model perennial grass for bioenergy, and is the most advanced herbaceous perennial bioenergy feedstock. Best management practices have been developed for switchgrass bioenergy production for the agroecoregions to which it is adapted. Field production of switchgrass likely will occur on cropland that is marginally productive for row crops, similar to land that was enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Long-term, field-scale research demonstrates that switchgrass for bioenergy is productive, profitable for the farmer, and protective of the environment. Switchgrass was selected by the …

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Potential Involvement Of Aspergillus Flavus Laccases In Peanut Invasion At Low Water Potential, R. S. Arias, V. S. Sobolev, V. A. Orner, P. M. Dang, M. C. Lamb Jan 2014

Potential Involvement Of Aspergillus Flavus Laccases In Peanut Invasion At Low Water Potential, R. S. Arias, V. S. Sobolev, V. A. Orner, P. M. Dang, M. C. Lamb

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Aspergillus flavus accumulates carcinogenic aflatoxins in peanuts, mainly in immature kernels during drought. Aspergillus flavus invasion induces accumulation of phytoalexins, mostly stilbenoids in peanut, as a plant defence mechanism. Because fungal laccases are often related to pathogenicity and can degrade stilbenoids, this study reports for the first time the expression of A. flavus laccases in the presence of kernels, hulls and low water potential in relation to the accumulation of phytoalexins in peanut kernels. Packed-cell volume (PCV) of A. flavus biomass was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) in the presence of mature kernels, dead kernels, and mature and immature peanut …

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Starch Plastic Packaging And Agriculture Applications, Gregory M. Glenn, William Orts, Syed Imam, Bor-Sen Chiou, Delilah F. Wood Jan 2014

Starch Plastic Packaging And Agriculture Applications, Gregory M. Glenn, William Orts, Syed Imam, Bor-Sen Chiou, Delilah F. Wood

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Paper constitutes the most important material in the United States for packaging and containers largely because of its low cost and wide availability (WPO, 2008). It is also perceived as a sustainable material because it is derived from plants and is recycled at a very high percentage (62%) (EPA, 2010). Plastic ranks as the second most used packaging material in the United States. Plastics can provide transparency, greater moisture protection, and various mechanical properties that are superior to paper packaging. Consequently, some types of plastic packaging continue to grow faster than other packaging materials (WPO, 2008). In contrast to paper, …

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