Digital Commons Network^™

Surface Attachment Induces Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence, Albert Siryaporn, Sherry L. Kuchma, George A. Ou2019toole, Zemer Gitai

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infects every type of host that has been examined by deploying multiple virulence factors. Previous studies of virulence regulation have largely focused on chemical cues, but P. aeruginosa may also respond to mechanical cues. Using a rapid imaging-based virulence assay, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa activates virulence in response to attachment to a range of chemically distinct surfaces, suggesting that this bacterial species responds to mechanical properties of its substrates. Surface-activated virulence requires quorum sensing, but activating quorum sensing does not induce virulence without surface attachment. The activation of virulence by surfaces also requires the surface-exposed protein PilY1, …

Method For Detecting Salmonella Species By Assaying Outer Membrane Porin F (Ompf), Aparna Tatavarthy, Andrew C. Cannons, Loree C. Heller

USF Patents

The invention relates to a method of detecting the presence of Salmonella in a sample using novel oligonucleotide sequences. Also presented is a kit for putting the method into practice and novel nucleic acid sequences for ompF. The ompF gene was found to be 100% inclusive for Salmonella species and 100% exclusive for non-Salmonella species for the strains tested thus making it an excellent marker for identification of both the species of Salmonella: S. enterica and S. bongori. Two hundred and eighteen isolates belonging to Salmonella enterica (subspecies I-VI) and Salmonella bongori were examined using novel primers designed to detect …

Compounds That Suppress Cancer Cells And Exhibit Antitumor Activity, James Turkson, Patrick Gunning

UCF Patents

The present invention provides compounds S3I-201.1066 (Formula 1) and S3I-201.2096 (Formula 2) as selective Stat3 binding agents that block Stat3 association with cognate receptor pTyr motifs, Stat3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, Stat3 transcriptional function, and consequently induced Stat3-specific antitumor cell effects in vitro and antitumor response in vivo.

The Sun Star Vol 34 No 13 ( November 25th, 2014), N/A N/A

Sun Star

No abstract provided.

Executive Functioning In The Context Of Urban Poverty: An Examination Of Poverty Related Stress And Its Relationships To Academic Achievement, Jacquelyn L. Doxie

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Living in urban poverty has been linked to numerous negative conditions that disproportionately expose low-income urban youth and their families to severe and chronic stressors (Collins et al., 2010; DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith, 2012; Sznitman, Reisel, and Romer, 2011). Research has consistently shown a strong relationship between these stressors and numerous negative outcomes that can impact an adolescent emotionally, behaviorally, and academically (Conger et al., 2002). This dissertation is focused on the area of academic achievement, an outcome consistently found to be negatively impacted by poverty (Rouse and Fantuzzo, 2009). Based on Bronfenbrenner’s model of bio-ecological human development (Bronfenbrenner and …

Manifestations Of Traumatic Stress Among Adolescent Girls In Post-Conflict Northern Uganda, Tiamo Katsonga-Phiri

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

This study examines manifestations of mental health concerns in response to Gender Based Violence (GBV) specifically rape in a Non-western post-conflict setting. The population is a sample of girls aged 13-18 years residing in an Internally Displaced Person’s camp in Northern Uganda. Through semi-structured interviews, the girls shared their experiences of Gender Based Violence. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, 30 transcripts were analyzed to explore what these girls’ experiences have been with regard to rape, mental health and cultural and contextual stressors. Findings show that the girls described experiencing symptoms similar to those outlined in the DSM. Additionally, the girls described …

Selection Of Reference Genes For Expression Analysis Using Quantitative Real-Time Pcr In The Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon Pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera, Aphidiae), Chunxiao Yang, Huipeng Pan, Yong Liu, Xuguo Zhou

Entomology Faculty Publications

To facilitate gene expression study and obtain accurate qRT-PCR analysis, normalization relative to stable expressed housekeeping genes is required. In this study, expression profiles of 11 candidate reference genes, including actin (Actin), elongation factor 1 α (EF1A), TATA-box-binding protein (TATA), ribosomal protein L12 (RPL12), β-tubulin (Tubulin), NADH dehydrogenase (NADH), vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, …

Antibacterial Gene Transfer Across The Tree Of Life, Jason A. Metcalf, Lisa J. Funkhouser-Jones, Kristen A. Brileya, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, Seth R. Bordenstein

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Though horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is widespread, genes and taxa experience biased rates of transferability. Curiously, independent transmission of homologous DNA to archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses is extremely rare and often defies ecological and functional explanations. Here, we demonstrate that a bacterial lysozyme family integrated independently in all domains of life across diverse environments, generating the only glycosyl hydrolase 25 muramidases in plants and archaea. During coculture of a hydrothermal vent archaeon with a bacterial competitor, muramidase transcription is upregulated. Moreover, recombinant lysozyme exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial action in a dose-dependent manner. Similar to bacterial transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, …

The Emerging Roles Of Gprc5a In Diseases., Honglei Zhou, Isidore Rigoutsos

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

The 'Retinoic Acid-Inducible G-protein-coupled receptors' or RAIG are a group comprising the four orphan receptors GPRC5A, GPRC5B, GPRC5C and GPRC5D. As the name implies, their expression is induced by retinoic acid but beyond that very little is known about their function. In recent years, one member, GPRC5A, has been receiving increasing attention as it was shown to play important roles in human cancers. As a matter of fact, dysregulation of GPRC5A has been associated with several cancers including lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Here we review the current state of knowledge about the heterogeneity and evolution …

A Scale-Explicit Framework For Conceptualizing The Environmental Impacts Of Agricultural Land Use Changes, Iago Lowe Hale, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Richard G. Smith, Heidi Asbjornsen, Andre F. Brito, Kirk Broders, Andrew S. Grandy, Rebecca J. Rowe

Faculty Publications

Demand for locally-produced food is growing in areas outside traditionally dominant agricultural regions due to concerns over food safety, quality, and sovereignty; rural livelihoods; and environmental integrity. Strategies for meeting this demand rely upon agricultural land use change, in various forms of either intensification or extensification (converting non-agricultural land, including native landforms, to agricultural use). The nature and extent of the impacts of these changes on non-food-provisioning ecosystem services are determined by a complex suite of scale-dependent interactions among farming practices, site-specific characteristics, and the ecosystem services under consideration. Ecosystem modeling strategies which honor such complexity are often impenetrable by …

Liberal And Conservative Newspaper Reporting Leading Up To The War With Iraq, Shirley E. Pence

Theses and Dissertations

This study seeks to determine whether there was a difference in the news reports by liberal and conservative newspapers up to the 2003 war with Iraq. When no weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq, the news media was criticized for its failure to challenge the president's "rush to war." Through examination of two liberal and two conservative newspapers' editorials and front page news articles in four periods following the September 11 terrorist attacks, the liberal New York Times and the Washington Post were found to be less supportive than the conservaive Wall Street Journal and the Washington Times …

Investigating The Effects Of Mobile Bottom Fishing On Benthic Biota: A Systematic Review Protocol, Kathryn M. Hughes, Michel J. Kaiser, Simon Jennings, Robert A. Mcconnaughey, Roland Pitcher, Ray Hilborn, Ricardo O. Amoroso, Jeremy Collie, Jan Geert Hiddink, Ana M. Parma, Adriaan Rijnsdorp

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Background:

Mobile bottom fishing, such as trawling and dredging, is the most widespread direct human impact on marine benthic systems. Knowledge of the impacts of different gear types on different habitats, the species most sensitive to impacts and the potential for habitats to recover are often needed to inform implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries and strategies for biodiversity conservation. This knowledge helps to identify management options that maximise fisheries yield whilst minimising negative impacts on benthic systems.

Methods/Design:

The methods are designed to identify and collate evidence from experimental studies (e.g. before/after, control/impact) and comparative studies (spanning a …

Making Telework Work: The Effect Of Telecommuting Intensity On Employee Work Outcomes, Maria Spilker

Dissertations

The current study examined the effects of telecommuting intensity – the amount of scheduled time that employees spend doing work away from the central work location – on employee outcomes. Results of this study provided insight into how telecommuting intensity relates to turnover intent and supervisor-rated performance through mediating mechanisms of work-life conflict, professional isolation, and Leader-Member Exchange. An online survey instrument was created, and an invitation to participate was sent by e-mail to telecommuters. Each participant was asked to provide an email address for his or her direct supervisor. The supervisor was asked to complete a shortened version of …

Report On Scoping The Feasibility Of Constructing An Economic Impact Model For Recreational And Conservation Projects In The State Of Michigan, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.

Quantifying An Adherence Path-Specific Effect Of Antiretroviral Therapy In The Nigeria Pepfar Program, Caleb Miles, Ilya Shpitser, Phyllis Kanki, Seema Meloni, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

The Statesman, V. 58, I. 14, Stony Brook University

Stony Brook Statesman-Sucolian

v. 58, i. 14

Activity-Based Therapies For Repair Of The Corticospinal System Injured During Development, Kathleen M. Friel, Preston T. J. A. Williams, Najet Serradj, Samit Chakrabarty, John H. Martin

Publications and Research

This review presents the mechanistic underpinnings of corticospinal tract (CST) development, derived from animal models, and applies what has been learned to inform neural activity-based strategies for CST repair.We first discuss that, in normal development, early bilateral CST projections are later refined into a dense crossed CST projection, with maintenance of sparse ipsilateral projections. Using a novel mouse genetic model, we show that promoting the ipsilateral CST projection produces mirror movements, common in hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP), suggesting that ipsilateral CST projections become maladaptive when they become abnormally dense and strong.We next discuss howanimal studies support a developmental “competition rule” …

Anthropology Students Work With Historical Society On College Green Walking Guide, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Parental Involvement During Adolescence And Contraceptive Use In College, Caroline Payne Purvis, Rosemary V. Barnett, Larry Forthun

Journal of Adolescent and Family Health

The current study aimed to explore the relationships between parental involvement during adolescence on sexual behaviors among college students. Research has shown that parental involvement decreases as students move from high school to college, but the impact that parents had on their students while in high school continues into college. It is important to determine if one factor relating to the number of sexual partners, sexual activity, and contraceptive use is parental involvement during adolescence. After approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), an online survey using Survey Monkey was administered to a convenience sample of undergraduate students in a …

November 24th 2014, Csusb

Coyote Chronicle (1984-)

No abstract provided.

Um Vice Chancellor Honored As Prestigious Aaas Fellow, Mitchell Diggs

University of Mississippi News

Alice Clark cited for research achievements, service to National Institutes of Health

Minutes, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg Undergraduate Council Meeting, November 24, 2014, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg. Faculty Senate. Undergraduate Council

USF St. Petersburg Undergraduate Council

Minutes from the November 24, 2014, meeting of the University of South Florida St. Petersburg's Undergraduate Council.

Deficiency Of Kruppel-Like Factor Klf4 In Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibits Tumor Pulmonary Metastasis In Mice Accompanied By Decreased Fibrocytes, Y. Shi, L. Ou, S. Han, M. Li, M. M. O. Pena, E. A. Pena, Chunming Liu, M. Nagarkatti, D. Fan, W. Ai

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The importance of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) bearing monocyte markers in tumor metastasis has been well established. Recently, it was reported that these cells possess phenotypic plasticity and differentiate into fibrocytes, very distinct cells that are precursors of tumorigenic myofibroblasts. However, the importance of this transdifferentiation in tumor metastasis has not been explored. Here, we describe the role of MDSC-derived fibrocytes in tumor metastasis that is regulated by Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor that is critical to monocyte differentiation and to promotion of cancer development. Using mouse metastasis models of melanoma and breast cancer, we found that …

Unh Fairchild Dairy Produces ‘Gold’ Standard Of Milk, Lori Tyler Gula

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Direct Electrochemistry Of Photosynthetic Proteins With Application To The Construction Of A Photo-Bioelectrochemical Cell, Yun Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

Direct voltammetry of the redox cofactors in bacterial reaction center (RC) proteins and spinach PSII core complex was investigated in this dissertation. Peak assignments were made through the use of comparisons with multiple control experiments involving isolated proteins, those depleted of specific cofactors and those affected by exogenous chemical reagents. RCs having undergone site-specific mutagenesis were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants were extracted from the datasets and simulations were used to determine the number of electrons transferred between the cofactor and the electrode. The work seeks to provide …

Students’ Volunteer Efforts Harvest Help For The Holidays, Tia Patsavas

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

The Detection Of Peroxynitrite Using 19f Magnetic Resonance Probes, Kevin Bruemmer

Collection of Engaged Learning

The following report presents the work done by Kevin Bruemmer for his Engaged Learning project. The 19F magnetic resonance probes 5-uoroisatin and 6-uoroisatin were reacted with ONOO- to yield anthranilic acid derivatives through a novel oxidative decarbonyaltion reaction. Utilizing 19F NMR spectroscopy techniques, the presence of ONOO- can be determined through a chemical shift switching signal. 5-uoroisatin was subsequently used to detect ONOO- in living lung epithelial cells.

Non-Neutral Evolution And Reciprocal Monophyly Of Two Expressed Mhc Class Ii B Genes In Leach’S Storm-Petrel, Donald C. Dearborn, Andrea B. Gager, Morgan E. Gilmour, Andrew G. Mcarthur, Douglas A. Hinerfeld, Robert A. Mauck

All Faculty Scholarship

The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) is subject to pathogen-mediated balancing selection and can link natural selection with mate choice. We characterized two Mhc class II B loci in Leach’s storm-petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa, focusing on exon 2 which encodes the portion of the protein that binds pathogen peptides. We amplified and sequenced exon 2 with locus-specific nested PCR and Illumina MiSeq using individually barcoded primers. Repeat genotyping of 78 single-locus genotypes produced identical results in 77 cases (98.7 %). Sequencing of messenger RNA (mRNA) from three birds confirmed expression of both loci, consistent with the observed absence of stop codons or …

Fisheries Governance And How It Fits Within The Broader Arctic Governance, Adam Soliman

Seattle University Law Review

Climate change is causing the Arctic ice to melt and fish stocks to change their migration patterns. These changes are increasing access to Arctic fisheries, as well as moving other fish stocks to the north. To prevent the depletion of fish stocks and to protect the Arctic environment, proper fisheries governance requires collaboration between nation-states and specific populations. Fisheries present unique governance and management issues. Unlike other natural resources, fish stocks do not stay in the same place. The non-stationary nature of fish stocks, along with shared sovereignty over the oceans, make coordination between stakeholders the most difficult as well …

Oil And Gas In America's Arctic Ocean: Past Problems Counsel Precaution, Michael Levine, Peter Van Tuyn, Layla Hughes

Seattle University Law Review

This Article provides context for the controversy facing government agencies charged with making decisions about the future of America’s Arctic Ocean. It then distill themes that, if addressed, could help further a lasting solution for this region that respects its natural and human values while crafting a reasonable path forward for decisions about development. First, this Article offers background about the region, the threats facing it, and some of the challenges in managing the natural resources there. Second, it provides an overview of the legal framework through which the United States government makes decisions about whether and under what conditions …