Digital Commons Network^™

Using Typologies To Frame Poverty And Service Delivery In Suburban America, Kathryn W. Hexter, Debra J. Rog, Kathryn A. Henderson, Kathryn C. Stevens

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

Poverty in the suburbs is growing, but there is great diversity in the rates of growth of poverty as well as causes and consequences of the growth across different kinds of suburbs. Suburban typologies, systems to group different types of suburbs, are a useful tool for understanding the variation among suburbs and highlighting potential strategies for addressing poverty. This paper discusses why typologies of suburban communities are important, what factors have been considered in the development and use of typologies, what typologies have been developed to date, and lastly, how typologies can be used to inform strategies for addressing suburban …

The Burden Of Underweight And Overweight Among Women In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Charles Teller, Uriyoan Colón-Ramos

Global Health Faculty Publications

Background

Obesity and overweight are rising worldwide while underweight rates persist in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, and its socio-demographic correlates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

The data are from 2000, 2005 and 2011 nationally representative Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys in Addis Ababa. The dependent variable was women’s nutritional status measured in terms of body mass index coded in binary outcomes to examine risk of being underweight (<18.5 kg/m² vs. ≥18.5 kg/m²) or overweight/obese (>25 kg/m^{2 …}

Adolescent, But Not Adult, Binge Ethanol Exposure Leads To Persistent Global Reductions Of Choline Acetyltransferase Expressing Neurons In Brain, Ryan P. Vetreno, Margaret Broadwater, Wen Liu, Linda Spear, Fulton T. Crews

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

During the adolescent transition from childhood to adulthood, notable maturational changes occur in brain neurotransmitter systems. The cholinergic system is composed of several distinct nuclei that exert neuromodulatory control over cognition, arousal, and reward. Binge drinking and alcohol abuse are common during this stage, which might alter the developmental trajectory of this system leading to long-term changes in adult neurobiology. In Experiment 1, adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2-day on/2-day off from postnatal day [P] 25 to P55) treatment led to persistent, global reductions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression. Administration of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide to …

Low Vision Depression Prevention Trial In Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Clinical Trial., Barry W. Rovner, Robin J Casten, Mark T Hegel, Robert W Massof, Benjamin E Leiby, Allen C Ho, William S Tasman

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of behavior activation (BA) + low vision rehabilitation (LVR) with supportive therapy (ST) + LVR to prevent depressive disorders in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

DESIGN: Single-masked, attention-controlled, randomized, clinical trial with outcome assessment at 4 months.

PARTICIPANTS: Patients with AMD and subsyndromal depressive symptoms attending retina practices (n = 188).

INTERVENTIONS: Before randomization, all subjects had 2 outpatient LVR visits, and were then randomized to in-home BA+LVR or ST+LVR. Behavior activation is a structured behavioral treatment that aims to increase adaptive behaviors and achieve valued goals. Supportive therapy is a nondirective, psychological treatment …

Charter Schools, Funding Tennessee's Authorizers And Schools, Tennessee. Comptroller Of The Treasury.

Office of Research and Education Accountability

No abstract provided.

Navigating The Health Insurance Exchanges: Will State Regulations Guide Consumers Or Chart Them Off-Course?, Kirsten Dunham

Missouri Law Review

This Comment examines the navigator program in the ACA and the political and legal issues surrounding state navigator licensure laws. To provide context, Part I outlines the legislative and legal background of the ACA at the federal level and in Missouri. Going into more detail on the navigator program, Part II first examines the federal regulations as they relate to the requirements of exchanges, the types and functions of consumer assistance programs, and the role of insurance agents and brokers. Part II then analyzes Missouri’s state navigator licensure law and regulation.

Introduction To Freedom Of Choice At The End Of Life: Patients' Rights In A Shifting Legal And Political Landscape, Peter J. Strauss

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

Raw Milk, Raw Power: States Of (Mis)Trust, Diana Mincyte

Publications and Research

In recent years, raw milk has emerged as one of the most contentious food commodities, considered a serious health risk by public health officials and a source of healing and nourishment by raw milk proponents. The purpose of this article is to explore the ways in which consumers construct and experience trust in food that is often procured in informal markets. Because the image of an overreaching, exploitative government features prominently in popular narratives surrounding raw milk consumption, this article is explicitly concerned with the role of the state in public food debates. Drawing on two complementary empirical cases of …

From A University Press: Taking Special Collections Digital, Leila W. Salisbury

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

Moderators And Predictors Of Response To Eating Disorder Risk Factor Reduction Programs In Collegiate Female Athletes, T M. Stewart, Maribel Plasencia, H Han, H Jackson, Carolyn Becker

Psychology Faculty Research

Objective

The primary aim of this paper was to investigate moderators and predictors of response to two programs designed to reduce eating disorder risk factors in collegiate female athletes. This study served as an ancillary study to a parent trial that investigated the feasibility of an athlete modified cognitive dissonance-based program (AM-DBP) and an athlete modified healthy weight intervention program (AM-HWI).

Design

157 female collegiate athletes were randomized to either the AM-DBP or the AM-HWI program. Participants completed surveys at baseline, post-intervention, 6 weeks, and 1 year.

Methods

After classifying sports as either lean or non-lean, we investigated if sport …

Ucc Minutes, November 18, 2014, University Curriculum Council

UCC Agendas/Minutes

No abstract provided.

Australian Curriculum Reform Ii: Health And Physical Education, T Lynch

Plymouth Institute of Education

It is implied by governing organizations that Australia is presently experiencing its first national curriculum reform, when as the title suggests it is the second. However, until now Australian states and territories have been responsible for the education curriculum delivered within schools. The present national curriculum reform promises one curriculum framework for health and physical education (HPE), currently under review. This paper explores the history of Australian curriculum reform in the HPE key learning area, revealing that the present review offers an opportunity to focus on the vital ‘implementation’ stage which seems to be continually overlooked.

Validation Of A Food Frequency Questionnaire For Vitamin D And Calcium Intake In Healthy Female College Students, Dimitrios Papandreou, Nikolaos Rachaniotis, Maryam Lari, Wafa Al Mussabi

All Works

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the reproducibility and validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and assess calcium and vitamin D intake in health female college students. Methods: Thirty-five healthy female students were conveniently selected to participate in the study. None of the subjects were taking any supplements. The FFQ was validated against intakes from a three-day diet food record report (FR). Results: Positive correlations were observed of daily vitamin D (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) and calcium intake (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) derived from FFQ compared with the FR. The mean intake of vitamin D and calcium derived from FFQ and FR were (233 ± 90, 654 ± 391) and (231 ± 79, 611 ± 352), respectively. The FFQ overestimated vitamin D and Calcium by 2 IU /day (95% CI: –8, 9, p < 0.676 and 43 mg/d (95% CI: 20, 65, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The FFQ used in this study shows promising validation evidence to be used in the future for assessing vitamin D and calcium intakes in female students.

Teaching Health Advocacy To Medical Students: A Comparison Study., Julia Belkowitz, Lee M Sanders, Chi Zhang, Gauri Agarwal, Daniel Lichtstein, Alex J Mechaber, Esther K Chung

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

CONTEXT: Many encourage service learning and health advocacy training in medical student education, but related evaluation is limited.

OBJECTIVES: To assess (1) impact of a required community health advocacy training for medical students on student attitudes, knowledge, and skills; (2) student characteristics associated with higher advocacy knowledge and skills; and (3) perspectives of community-based organizations (CBOs).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys.

SETTING: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM) Regional Medical Campus and main campus.

PARTICIPANTS: Medical students at both UMMSM campuses.

INTERVENTION: Required community health advocacy training for first- and second-year students including classroom experiences and hands-on project in partnership …

Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment Characteristics And Outcomes Among Hiv-Infected Adolescents And Young Adults Compared With Older Adults — Seven African Countries, 2004–2013, Andrew F. Auld, Simon G. Agolory, Ray W. Shiraishi, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Gideon Kwesigabo, Modest Mulenga, Sebastian Hachizovu, Emeka Asadu, Moise Zanga Tuho, Virginie Ettiegne-Traore, Francisco Mbofana, Velephi Okello, Charles Azih, Julie A. Denison, Sharon Tsui, Olivier Koole, Harrison Kamiru, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Charity Alfredo, Kebba Jobarteh, Solomon Odafe, Dennis Onotu, Kunomboa A. Ekra, Joseph S. Kouakou, Peter Ehrenkranz, George Bicego, Kwasi Torpey, Ya Diul Mukadi, Eric Van Praag, Joris Menten, Timothy Mastro, Carol Dukes Hamilton, Mahesh Swaminathan, E. Kainne Dokubo, Andrew L. Baughman, Thomas Spira, Robert Colebunders, David R. Bangsberg, Richard Marlink, Aaron Zee, Jonathan Kaplan, Tedd V. Ellerbrock

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2005 has contributed to a decline of about 30% in the global annual number of human immunodeficiency (HIV)–related deaths and declines in global HIV incidence, estimated annual HIV-related deaths among adolescents have increased by about 50%, and estimated adolescent HIV incidence has been relatively stable. In 2012, an estimated 2,500 (40%) of all 6,300 daily new HIV infections occurred among persons aged 15–24 years. Difficulty enrolling adolescents and young adults in ART and high rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) after ART initiation might be contributing to mortality and HIV incidence in this …

The Current Status Of Beta Blockers’ Use In The Management Of Hypertension, Shahid Akbar, Mohammad S. Alorainy

Saudi Medical Journal

Abstract The invention of beta (β)-blockers culminated in a new era in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CD), and changed the course of pharmacology research for years to come. Since the introduction of propranolol into clinical practice in 1964, β-blockers enjoyed a special place in the clinicians’ armamentarium against CDs, especially for patients with ischemic heart diseases, and are still one of the most extensively used therapeutic drugs in both cardiac and non-cardiac ailments. Current uses of β-blockers in CDs include ischemic heart diseases, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. Other substantial non-cardiac uses include glaucoma, migraine, situational anxiety, benign …

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2014, David L. Kreider, Paul Beck

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Histopathological And Immune Alterations In Autopsied Kidneys, Ufuk Usta, Ebru Tastekin, Erhan Isler, Ali K. Kutlu, Fulya Oz Puyan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To collect data on all detectable histologic and immune alterations from the kidneys of 55 autopsy cases. METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. Fifty-five cases were subjected to the study among 248 autopsies that were performed in 2011 and 2012. All kidney samples were evaluated under a light microscope and fresh tissue samples were used for immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemically kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) antibodies were applied to the tissue sections. The glomerular, tubulo-interstitial, and vascular alterations, as well as immune depositions were noted. RESULTS: The microscopic …

Cause Analysis And Therapeutic Methods Of Chylous Leakage After Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Weiping Ji, Juan Wang, Bin Song, Kailian Zheng, Hongyun Ma, Asaad Nadaf, Zhuo Shao, Gang Jin

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To study and analyze the causes of chylous leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 381 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy) in Shanghai Chang Hai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China between January 2010 and December 2012. We also studied the relationship between postoperative chylous leakage and age, gender, surgical approach, and the tumor nature. RESULTS: The chylous leak was placed in 23 patients and the incidence of chylous leakage in patients was 0.6%. There was no significant difference in gender, age and tumor pathological pattern between the chylous leakage group and non-chylous …

Does Cesarean Section Have An Impact On The Successful Initiation Of Breastfeeding In Saudi Arabia?, Afnan A. Albokhary, Jennifer P. James

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the type of birth influenced breastfeeding outcomes. METHODS: This study used a quantitative descriptive correlation design study in a sample of 60 primigravida mothers. Participants were recruited over a 2-month period from June to July 2011 in the postnatal ward at King AbdulAziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). RESULTS: The results of the study indicated that women who gave birth vaginally were more likely to breastfeed within the first hour, and at 24 hours after birth than those who had a cesarean section. The mothers who had cesarean section stated …

Mentoring An Esl Student Through A Nursing Program: A Case Study, Rebecca Retzer

Graduate Research Projects

No abstract provided.

An Emerging Population: The Chronically Critically Ill, Philip Jurasinski, Christine A. Schindler

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Introduction: Critical Perspectives On Food Sovereignty, Marc Edelman, Tony Weis, Amita Baviskar, Saturnino M. Borras Jr., Eric Holt-Giménez, Deniz Kandiyoti, Wendy Wolford

Publications and Research

Visions of food sovereignty have been extremely important in helping to galvanize broad-based and diverse movements around the need for radical changes in agro-food systems. Yet while food sovereignty has thrived as a ‘dynamic process’, until recently there has been insufficient attention to many thorny questions, such as its origins, its connection to other food justice movements, its relation to rights discourses, the roles of markets and states and the challenges of implementation. This essay contributes to food sovereignty praxis by pushing the process of critical self- reflection forward and considering its relation to critical agrarian studies – and vice …

Relationship Of Dna Methylation With Cardiovascular Fitness And Body Composition, Mihaela A. Ciulei

Honors College Theses

Global DNA Methylation (GDM), an epigenomic modification has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Our focus was to identify potential relationships between epigenetic alterations and both cardiovascular fitness and body composition measures. Purpose: As increases in aerobic fitness have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease, one purpose was to determine if a relationship was evident between global DNA methylation and VO2max. A secondary purpose was to determine if the relationship extends to body composition measured via Dual X-ray Absorbtometry (DXA). Methods: Fifty-two (male n=25, female n=27) subjects provided a blood sample for DNA …

Food Sovereignty: Forgotten Genealogies And Future Regulatory Challenges, Marc Edelman

Publications and Research

‘Food sovereignty’ has become a mobilizing frame for social movements, a set of legal norms and practices aimed at transforming food and agriculture systems, and a free- floating signifier filled with varying kinds of content. Canonical accounts credit the Vía Campesina transnational agrarian movement with coining and elaborating the term, but its proximate origins are actually in an early 1980s Mexican government program. Central American activists nonetheless appropriated and redefined it in the late 1980s. Advocates typically suggest that ‘food sovereignty’ is diametrically opposed to ‘food security’, but historically there actually has been considerable slippage and overlap between these concepts. …

Effects Of Sex And Gender On Adaptation To Space: Musculoskeletal Health, Lori Ploutz-Snyder, Susan Bloomfield, Scott M. Smith, Sandra K. Hunter, Kim Templeton, Debra Bemben

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

There is considerable variability among individuals in musculoskeletal response to long-duration spaceflight. The specific origin of the individual variability is unknown but is almost certainly influenced by the details of other mission conditions such as individual differences in exercise countermeasures, particularly intensity of exercise, dietary intake, medication use, stress, sleep, psychological profiles, and actual mission task demands. In addition to variations in mission conditions, genetic differences may account for some aspect of individual variability. Generally, this individual variability exceeds the variability between sexes that adds to the complexity of understanding sex differences alone. Research specifically related to sex differences of …

Epidemiology, Determinants And Dynamics Of Cholera In Pakistan: Gaps And Prospects For Future Research., Maliha Naseer, Tanzil Jamali

Community Health Sciences

Cholera is one of the notifiable endemic diseases in Pakistan, but the reporting of cholera cases is still unsatisfactory. Most of the diagnosed cases are never reported to the relevant authorities. In the year 1993 - 2005, the country did not report any single case of cholera to the WHO. The objectives of this review were to understand the epidemiology and to identify the possible determinants of cholera infection in Pakistan. Medscape, Medline, PakMedinet and PubMed, was searched, using key words, epidemiology and determinants of cholera infection in Pakistan during 1995 - 2010. Morbidity and mortality due to cholera infection …

Academic Affairs Division Newsletter, November 2014, San Jose State University

Academic Affairs Division Newsletter

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Hmtba (2-Hydroxy-4-Methylthio-Butanoic Acid) Supplementation On Ruminal Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis And Community Structure In Dairy Cattle, Chad James Robert Jenkins

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Metabolizable protein (MP) is protein that reaches the small intestine and is available for absorption and utilization by the cow. Dairy rations may be limited in the supply of MP essential to meeting the demands of milk synthesis, however as much as half of the MP flowing to the small intestine may be attributed to microbial origins and is referred to as microbial CP (MCP). Experiment 1 utilized a technique in which DNA was used as a microbial marker to estimate the concentration of bacterial CP (BCP) in the solid and liquid portions of rumen digesta. Rumen digesta was sampled …

Integration Of Non-Communicable Diseases Into Primary Health Care: A Snapshot From Eastern Mediterranean Region, Shehla Zaidi, Abdul Latif Khan, Aftab Ali Mukhi, Yousuf Memon, Slim Slama, Samer Jabbour

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.