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Italian-American Literature And Working-Class Culture, Fred L. Gardaphé

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Preliminary Scale Of Counterproductive Experiences In Supervision : Attitudes Of Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students, Nina Grayson

Theses and Dissertations

Clinical supervision is pivotal to the assurance of client welfare and in the development of clinical competency in the supervisee. In the process of guiding the professional and clinical development of supervisees, the supervisor monitors the provision of ethical and appropriate psychological care in order to promote the most successful clinical outcome for the client (Falender & Shafrankske, 2004). However, there may be events or experiences that can lead to negative outcomes. Any event or experience that hinders the supervisee's exercise and development of clinical competence, potentially endangers the welfare of the client, and contributes to a poor experience of …

Ileadership: The Leadership Style Of Steve Jobs, Christopher J. Valentine

Theses and Dissertations

In a technology-driven society, the global hunger for innovative products has put increased pressure on organizations to think differently. The pressure from shareholders on management to drive innovation and deliver financial results has forced leaders to adapt and look for new solutions to meet this demand. The solutions for which organizations are searching may reside in a new form of leadership required to achieve this expectation of performance. The purpose of this dissertation was to discover what leadership characteristics are required to achieve a high-performance technology organization. The primary goal was to review and decode archival scholarly and contemporary literature …

Characterization Of Sugar Diversity In Floral And Extra-Floral Nectar From The Coastal Coral Tree (Erythrina Caffra Thunb.) In Southern California, Victor D. Carmona-Galindo, Kenny Morales, Renee Maser, Julius Doyle, Mera Gobrial

Biology Faculty Works

The Coastal Coral Tree (Erythrina caffra Thunb.) produces floral nectar (FN) that serves to attract pollinating insects, but also secretes nectar from extra-floral (EFN) glands that serves to at-tract predatory insects, such as ants. While stu-dies on myrmecophytes (i.e. specialized plants that attract and interact with ants) have primarily focused on interspecific evaluations of EFN chemistry, the Coastal Coral tree offers an op-portunity to contrast intraspecific nectar chemi-stry with differing evolutionary and ecological functions. We hypothesized that the richness of (molecular) sugar species, relative concentra-tions, and diversity of sugars in FN and foliar EFN would diverge due to differences in …

Widespread Movement Of Invasive Cattle Fever Ticks (Rhipicephalus Microplus) In Southern Texas Leads To Shared Local Infestations On Cattle And Deer, Joseph D. Busch, Nathan E. Stone, Roxanne Nottingham, Ana Araya-Anchetta, Jillian Lewis, Christian Hochhalter, John R. Giles, Jeffrey Gruendike, Jeanne Freeman, Greta Buckmeier, Deanna Bodine, Roberta Duhaime, Robert J. Miller, Ronald B. Davey, Pia U. Olafson, Glen A. Scoles, David M. Wagner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the United States inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (TEQA) along the Rio Grande. This containment area is threatened by unregulated movements of illegal cattle and wildlife like white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus).

Methods: Using 11 microsatellite loci we genotyped 1,247 R. microplus from 63 Texas collections, including outbreak infestations from outside the TEQA. We used population genetic analyses to …

Inter-Relationships Of Cotton Plant Height, Canopy Width, Ground Coverand Plant Nitrogen Status Indicators, F. M. Muharam, K. F. Bronson, S. J. Maas, G. L. Ritchie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Petiole-NO₃, leaf N and chlorophyll (SPAD) meter readings are good in-season indicators of the N statusof the uppermost part of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Petiole-NO₃, particularly is widely used inthe USA as an in-season plant N test that guides N fertilizer recommendations in cotton. However, theseN status indicators do not take account of plant biomass, canopy width or percent cover. The objectives ofthis study were to assess the effect of N fertilizer rates on the commonly used indicators of plant N status;leaf N, petiole sap NO₃and chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings and …

Classification Of The Waxy Condition Of Durum Wheat By Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Using Wavelets And A Genetic Algorithm, Barry K. Lavine, Nikhil Mirjankar, Stephen Delwiche

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has been applied to the problem of differentiating four genotypes of durum wheat: ‘waxy’, Wx A1 null null, wx-B1 null and wild type. The test data consisted of 95 NIR reflectance spectra of wheat samples obtained from a USDA-ARSwheat breeding program. A two-step procedure for pattern recognition analysis of NIR spectral data wasemployed. First, thewavelet packet transform [14,15] was applied to the NIR reflectance data usingwavelet filters at different scales to extract and separate low-frequency signal components from high frequency noise components. By applying these filters, each reflectance spectrum was decomposed into wavelet coefficients that …

Whole Genome Sequencing And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 2 Strains Isolated In The Americas Including A Novel Strain From The Western United States, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Christie E. Mayo, Dane C. Jasperson, Beate M. Crossley, Richard E. Breitmeyer, Donna J. Johnson, Eileen N. Ostlund, N James Maclachlan, William C. Wilson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Bluetongue is a potentially fatal arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is characterized by widespread edema and tissue necrosis. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 occur throughout much of the United States, whereas serotype 2 (BTV-2) was previously only detected in the southeastern United States. Since 1998, 10 other BTV serotypes have also been isolated from ruminants in the southeastern United States. In 2010, BTV-2 was identified in California for the first time, and preliminary sequence analysis indicated that the virus isolate was closely related to BTV strains circulating in the southeastern United States. In …

Identification Of A Fourth Haplotype Of Bactericera Cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) In The United States, Kylie D. Swisher, Donald C. Henne, James M. Crosslin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a pest of potato and other solanaceous crops in North and Central America and New Zealand. Previous genotyping studies have demonstrated the presence of three different haplotypes of B. cockerelli in the United States corresponding to three geographical regions: Central,Western, and Northwestern. These studies utilized psyllids collected in the western and central United States between 1998 and 2011. In an effort to further genotype potato psyllids collected in the 2012 growing season, a fourth B. cockerelli haplotype was discovered corresponding to the Southwestern United States geographical region. High-resolution melting analyses identified …

Crop Damage From Sclerotinia Crown Rot And Risk Factors In Pyrethrum, Jason B. Scott, David H. Gent, Sarah J. Pethybridge, Tim Groom, Frank S. Hay

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sclerotinia crown rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, is a prevalent disease in pyrethrum fields in Australia. Management involves fungicide applications during the rosette stage of plant development from autumn to early spring in fields approaching first harvest. However, estimates of crop damage and the efficacy of these tactics are poorly understood; therefore, plots were established in 86 pyrethrum fields in Tasmania, Australia during 2010 to 2012 to quantify these and to identify risk factors for disease outbreaks. On average, commercial management for Sclerotinia crown rot reduced disease incidence 43 to 67% compared with nontreated plots. There was …

Variation In The Fumonisin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster In Fumonisin-Producing And Nonproducing Black Aspergilli, Antonia Susca, Robert H. Proctor, Robert A. E. Butchko, Miriam Haidukowski, Gaetano Stea, Antonio Logrieco, Antonio Moretti

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The ability to produce fumonisin mycotoxins varies among members of the black aspergilli. Previously, analyses of selected genes in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (fum) cluster in black aspergilli from California grapes indicated that fumonisin-nonproducing isolates of Aspergillus welwitschiae lack six fum genes, but nonproducing isolates of Aspergillus niger do not. In the current study, analyses of black aspergilli from grapes from the Mediterranean Basin indicate that the genomic context of the fum cluster is the same in isolates of A. niger and A. welwitschiae regardless of fumonisin-production ability and that full-length clusters occur in producing isolates of both species …

Skin Exposure Promotes A Th2-Dependent Sensitization To Peanut Allergens, Leticia Tordesillas, Ritobrata Goswami, Sara Benedé, Galina Grishina, David Dunkin, Kirsi M. Järvinen, Soheila J. Maleki, Hugh A. Sampson, M. Cecilia Berin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sensitization to foods often occurs in infancy, without a known prior oral exposure, suggesting that alternative exposure routes contribute to food allergy. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peanut proteins activate innate immune pathways in the skin that promote sensitization. We exposed mice to peanut protein extract on undamaged areas of skin and observed that repeated topical exposure to peanut allergens led to sensitization and anaphylaxis upon rechallenge. In mice, this epicutaneous peanut exposure induced sensitization to the peanut components Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, which is also observed in human peanut allergy. Both crude peanut extract and …

Transcript Analysis And Expression Profiling Of Three Heat Shock Protein 70 Genes In The Ectoparasitoid Habrobracon Hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Hao-Liang Chen, Hong-Yu Zhang, James E. Throne, Kun Yan Zhu

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes (HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70III) from H. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences …

Intranasal Delivery Of Therapeutics Targeted To Csf And Brain, Prashanth Manda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier limit the systemic delivery of therapeutics to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) respectively. Therapeutic agents targeting CNS are currently being administered by invasive routes which are not patient compliant and do not allow frequent administration. Intranasal delivery of therapeutics to target CSF and brain is a noninvasive route of administration which is patient compliant and allows frequent administration. In the current study, the plausibility of delivering ziconotide and cefotaxime to CSF and brain respectively via intranasal pathway using barrier modulating agents like chitosan was investigated. The ability of chitosan to enhance the permeation …

Characterization Of Prolylcarboxypeptidase Expression Pattern In Rat Cardiomyocytes In Nutrition Overload Conditions, Tahmineh Tabrizian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a serine protease that cleaves the last amino acid at the carboxy-terminus of peptides with a penultimate proline such as angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin III (Ang III), prekallikrein (PK) and α-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (1-13) (α-MSH1-13). By inactivating Ang II and Ang III, PRCP promotes vasodilation and insulin sensitivity. As well by activating PK, PRCP increases nitric oxide (NO) generation and vasorelaxation through bradykinin (BK) liberation from high molecular weight kininogen (HK). PK is activated to kallikrein by PRCP, implicating a role for PRCP in the coagulation pathway. The resultant kallikrein will activate FXII which in a reciprocal manner …

Attention And Emotion Regulation In Social Functioning, Katherine H. Moyer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent models of social functioning have identified attention and emotion regulation as important factors in explaining social functioning. In these models, emotion regulation is conceptualized as a cognitive process under attention control (Beauchamp & Anderson, 2010; Crick & Dodge, 1994; Lemerise & Arsenio, 2000). Recently, an alternate conceptualization of emotion regulation has been suggested. In this model, emotion regulation is independent of attentional control and is conceptualized as consisting of four factors: emotion awareness and understanding; acceptance; impulse control and goal directed behavior in the context of negative emotions; and flexible use of contextually appropriate strategies to modulate emotion responses …

Secondary Metabolite Production By An Endophytic Bacillus Sp. From Platanus Occidentalis, Michael C. James

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Endophytes are bacterial and fungal microbes that live inside of plant tissue without causing disease. Endophytes have applications in many industries including the pharmaceutical and food industries as producers of natural products. This potential was demonstrated by investigating the natural product production from a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens endophyte of Platanus occidentalis using a combination of MALDI-IMS, LC-MS, MS-MS, and NMR methods, by purifying nicotianamine from soy flour, and by reviewing natural product inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The secondary metabolite production of the endophytic B. amyloliquefaciens was investigated under a variety of fermentation conditions. It was discovered that the …

Residual Efficacy Of Chlorfenapyr For Control Of Stored-Product Psocids (Psocoptera), Christos G. Athanassiou, Nickolas G. Kavallieratos, Frank H. Arthur, James E. Throne

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The residual effect of chlorfenapyr (Phantom) was evaluated for residual control of three stored-product psocid species: Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), and Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Chlorfenapyr was applied to individual arenas with a concrete surface at rates of 0, 2.8, 13.8, 20.6, 27.5, 55, and 110 mg active ingredient (AI)/m². Adults were exposed on the treated arenas and mortality assessed after 1, 2, and 3 d. The procedures were repeated weekly on the same treated arenas for 3 wk to assess residual efficacy. At each week, mortality of all species was low after 1 d …

Distribution Of Three Psocid Species (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) In Different Moisture Gradients In Wheat, John Diaz-Montano, James F. Campbell, Paul W. Flinn, James E. Throne

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Psocids can cause considerable economic losses to stored products by direct feeding, and they have become global pests during the last two decades. We studied the distribution of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), and Liposcelis brunnea Motschulsky in different moisture gradients (11-12-13%, 11-13-15%, and 13-14-15%) and a control (13-13-13%) in wheat using a circular metal arena, which has a removable metal divider that partitioned it into three rings (outer, middle and inner). Lipsocelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila preferred grain with the highest moisture content in the different gradients evaluated. In general, populations of Liposcelis brunnea equally preferred …

Evaluation Of Ethanol Vortex Elisa For Detection Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Cattle And Deer, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Rachel E. Johonson, Keiko Eda, W Ray Waters, Mitchell V. Palmer, John Bannantine, Shigetoshi Eda

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: The use of serological assays for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been intensively studied and use of specific antigens have aided in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the assays. In the present study, we report an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed by using ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The assay, named (ethanol vortex ELISA [EVELISA]), was evaluated for detection of anti- M. bovis antibodies in the sera of cattle and white-tailed deer.

Methods: By using the EVELISA, we tested sera obtained from two species of animals; cattle (n = 62 [uninfected, n = 40; …

The Response Of Lake Pontchartrain Fish Assemblages To Hurricanes Katrina And Rita, Martin T. O'Connell, Ann M.U. O'Connell, Christopher Schieble

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

To assess possible impacts on Lake Pontchartrain fishes from the 2005 hurricanes, we 45 compared trawl, beach seine, and gillnet collections taken before (2000-2003, 2005) and after 46 (2006-2009) to determine if significant assemblage changes occurred. We also compared basic 47 environmental variables to test for hurricane-related changes. Significant post-hurricane changes 48 in fish assemblages occurred in trawl (ANOSIM, R < 0.090, p < 0.05) and beach seine 49 (ANOSIM, R < 0.120, p < 0.05) collections across all seasons. Gillnet assemblages exhibited 50 changes in only one season (ANOSIM, R = 0.045, p < 0.05). These consistently low global R 51 values (all R < 0.120) across all gears suggest only minor compositional changes in species. 52 When peak abundance periods were compared for individual species, Gulf menhaden 53 (Brevoortia patronus) declined in trawl collections after the hurricanes (Friedman’s test, χ2 = 54 6.00, p = 0.014) but increased in gillnet collections (Friedman’s test, χ2=5.00, p = 0.025). 55 Hardhead catfish (Ariopsis felis) increased in trawl collections, but Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus 56 scovelli), naked gobies (Gobiosoma bosc), and rough silverside (Membras martinica) all 57 declined in beach seine samples and Atlantic croakers (M. undulatus), Spanish mackerel 58 (Scomberomorus maculatus), and sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) all declined in gillnet 59 samples. In general, salinity increased and water clarity and dissolved oxygen decreased after 60 the hurricanes. While the overall composition of Lake Pontchartrain fish assemblages remains 61 stable, the significant decline of some species and changes in certain environmental variables are 62 cause for concern. Future monitoring should determine if all elements of this estuary will 63 recover from these impacts.

Common And Specific Impairments In Attention Functioning In Girls With Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion, Fragile X Or Turner Syndromes., A I. Quintero, Elliott A. Beaton, Danielle J. Harvey, Judith L. Ross, Tony J. Simon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background:

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Turner syndrome (TS) are complex and variable developmental syndromes caused by different genetic abnormalities; yet, they share similar cognitive impairments in the domains of numbers, space, and time. The atypical development of foundational neural networks that underpin the attentional system is thought to result in further impairments in higher-order cognitive functions. The current study investigates whether children with similar higher-order cognitive impairments but different genetic disorders also show similar impairments in alerting, orienting, and executive control of attention.

Methods:

Girls with 22q11.2DS, FXS, or TS and typically developing (TD) …

Design And Implementation Plan For The "I Am Potential" Financial Literacy Education Program, Tureka Louis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This Financial Literacy Program Model is a proposed solution to the problem of financial illiteracy among the working poor. Over 80 percent of adults in America are not financially literate, yet more than half believe themselves to be (OECD, 2005). No community is more adversely affected by this fallacy than the working poor. Earning income, yet living below the poverty line, this group is as deceived as any other by the misconception that increased income is their sole remedy rather than a small part of the complex equation greatly influenced by financial literacy. Drawing upon a review of related literature, …

Evaluation Of A Secure Laptop Based Testing Program In An Undergraduate Nursing Program, Jinyuan Tao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation paper introduced a program evaluation of a secure laptop-based testing (SLBT) program, which was implemented from 2009 to 2014 in an undergraduate nursing program at a private institution in the southeastern region of the United States (US). Computerized testing is an old topic in the educational research field, but the instructor-made, laptop-based secure testing that utilizes learning management systems (LMS) for undergraduate nursing programs is a fairly new topic in the US. Traditionally, testing has been administered with paper and pencil in the undergraduate nursing programs in the US for security reasons. Recently, with different robust LMSs, …

The Conceptual Field Of Proportional Reasoning Researched Through The Lived Experiences Of Nurses, Deana Deichert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Proportional reasoning instruction is prevalent in elementary, secondary, and post-secondary schooling. The concept of proportional reasoning is used in a variety of contexts for solving real-world problems. One of these contexts is the solving of dosage calculation proportional problems in the healthcare field. On the job, nurses perform drug dosage calculations which carry fatal consequences. As a result, nursing students are required to meet minimum competencies in solving proportion problems. The goal of this research is to describe the lived experiences of nurses in connection to their use of proportional reasoning in order to impact instruction of the procedures used …

Robust Regression Methods For Massively Decayed Intelligence Data, Akiva Joachim Lorenz

Wayne State University Dissertations

Homeland Security, sponsored by governmental initiatives, has become a vibrant academic research field. However, most efforts were placed with the recognition of threats (e.g. theory) and response options. Less effort was placed in the analysis of the collected data through statistical modeling. In a field that collects more than 20 terabyte of information per minute though diverse overt and covert means and indexes it for future research, understanding how different statistical models behave when it comes to massively decayed data is of vital importance.

Using Monte Carlo methods, three regression techniques (ordinary least squares, least-trimmed, and maximum likelihood) were tested …

Employment Experiences Of Black And White Veterans With Service-Connected Disabilities, Sharon Yvonne Murphy

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCES OF BLACK AND WHITE VETERANS WITH SERVICE-CONNECTED DISABILITIES

by

SHARON YVONNE MURPHY

May 2014

Advisor: Dr. Khari Brown

Major: Sociology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The study examined the association between race and employment experiences among Veterans with disability to determine if employment experience differed for White and Black Veterans in the labor market. The research revealed typical characteristics of employment experiences, which suggest that work is completed at multiple levels, based on multiple factors and it is shaped by maintenance of historical discrimination and challenges, demographic and socioeconomic factors often beyond the control of the minority Veteran. …

A Behavioral Intervention For Child Obesity: Increasing Physical Activity On The Playground Via Reinforcement In A Preschool Classroom, Kevin Francis Karl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Child obesity rates have reached an all-time high in the United States with rates quadrupling since 1963 for children ages 2-5 (Fryar, Caroll, & Ogden, 2012). This has led to increased research directed toward understanding the causes of this proliferation. The literature shows that several key variables, including physical activity level, diet, and health education are related to childhood obesity (Epstein, 2005; Trost, et al., 2003). In the realm of physical activity level, many interventions have been proposed and conducted with varying degrees of success. Only few have attempted to impact the physical activity level of children in free play, …

Financial Reporting Manipulation And The Role Of Religious Ownership: Evidence From Nonprofit Hospitals, Ryan Seay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Empirical evidence (e.g. Eldenburg and Vines 2004; Leone and Van Horn 2005; Ballantine et al. 2007; Eldenburg et al. 2011) demonstrates that nonprofit hospital managers respond to competing institutional and regulatory pressures by engaging in various forms of financial reporting manipulation. While some recent research in accounting (e.g. Dyreng et al. 2012; McGuire et al. 2012) shows that religious social norms can deter this undesirable behavior, these studies focus on the private, for-profit sector and use a location-based measure of religiosity. This study extends this line of research by using a more direct measure of religious social norms, the ownership …

Pilot Study Of Safe Sisters: A Sexual Assault Prevention Program For Sorority Women, Alicia Pugh Cambron

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sexual violence is a serious problem that can have lasting, harmful effects on victims and their family, friends, and communities (CDC, 2014). Approximately one in five women will become a victim of sexual violence at some point in their lifetime (RAINN, 2009). College women are at a greater risk for rape and other forms of sexual assault than women in the general population (Fisher, Cullen & Turner, 2000). During an academic school year, approximately three percent of college women became a victim of sexual violence (Tijaden & Thoennes, 1998). Sorority women are four times more likely to experience sexual violence …