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2014

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Report Of Research On Youth Offending Team Partnerships And The Social Context Of Youth Crime, Patricia Gray Jan 2014

Report Of Research On Youth Offending Team Partnerships And The Social Context Of Youth Crime, Patricia Gray

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

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Justice For Sale': An Empirical Examination Of The Attitudes Of Criminal Defence Lawyers Towards Legal Aid Reform, Tom Smith Jan 2014

Justice For Sale': An Empirical Examination Of The Attitudes Of Criminal Defence Lawyers Towards Legal Aid Reform, Tom Smith

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article discusses empirical fieldwork undertaken at the 'Justice For Sale' meeting of criminal defence lawyers, in May 2013. The fieldwork aimed to explore the views of defence lawyers in relation to the ongoing programme of reforms in their area of practice – particularly those launched by the 'Transforming Legal Aid' consultation in April 2013. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the fieldwork asked respondents about price-competitive tendering (PCT), client choice, QASA, direct action, their relationship with the Government and the impact the reforms would have on the service provided to suspects and defendants. The article examines the data collected and …

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The Coroners And Justice Act 2009: '(A)Mending' The Law On Provocation?, Carrie-Ann Blockley Jan 2014

The Coroners And Justice Act 2009: '(A)Mending' The Law On Provocation?, Carrie-Ann Blockley

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article identifies the criticisms with the partial defence of provocation and examines whether the new loss of control defence, as enacted under the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, addresses these criticisms and creates an effective defence.

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The Return Of The Welfare Queen, Michele E. Gilman Jan 2014

The Return Of The Welfare Queen, Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

After welfare reform was passed in 1996, there was every reason to hope that the welfare queen was dead. The “welfare queen” was shorthand for a lazy woman of color, with numerous children she cannot support, who is cheating taxpayers by abusing the system to collect government assistance. For years, this long-standing racist and gendered stereotype was used to attack the poor and the cash assistance programs that support them. In 1996, TANF capped welfare receipt to five years and required work as a condition of eligibility, thus stripping the welfare queen of her throne of dependency. Nevertheless, during the …

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Post-Racial Lending?, Cassandra Jones Havard Jan 2014

Post-Racial Lending?, Cassandra Jones Havard

All Faculty Scholarship

Should lenders have absolute discretion when setting mortgage loan prices regardless of the borrower's creditworthiness? How should a regulatory framework evaluate lending decisions for racial bias to determine if demographic or other variables are used as proxies for race? Congress enacted the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act in order to acquire data on mortgage lending patterns and to discourage geographical disinvestment. Basic HMDA data indicates that mortgage loan applications from black and Hispanic households are more likely to be denied than are applications from whites. Loan denial rates for blacks, Hispanics, and Asians are higher than white applicants at all income …

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Building A Government Of Laws: Adams And Jefferson 1776–1779, James Maxeiner Jan 2014

Building A Government Of Laws: Adams And Jefferson 1776–1779, James Maxeiner

All Faculty Scholarship

America’s rule of law is not working well because many American lawyers confound their rule of law with common law and with common law methods. They overlook the contribution of good legislation to good government. They fixate on judges, judge-made law and procedure. America’s founders, in particular, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, did not. They were not entranced by common law and by common law methods. This chapter shows how in the first few years of American independence, Adams popularized the term “government of laws” and how Jefferson drafted statutes for a government of laws. Neither of them assigned common …

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Foreword: The Death Penalty In Decline: From Colonial America To The Present, John Bessler Jan 2014

Foreword: The Death Penalty In Decline: From Colonial America To The Present, John Bessler

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article traces the history of capital punishment in America. It describes the death penalty's curtailment in colonial Pennsylvania by William Penn, and the substantial influence of the Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria -- the first Enlightenment thinker to advocate the abolition of executions -- on the Founding Fathers' views. The Article also describes the transition away from "sanguinary" laws and punishments toward the "penitentiary system" and highlights the U.S. penal system's abandonment of non-lethal corporal punishments.

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Detection Of Dominant Algal Blooms By Remote Sensing, Chuanmin Hu, Shubha Sathyendranath, Jamie D. Shutler, Christopher W. Brown, Tim S. Moore, Susanne E. Craig, Inia Soto, Ajit Subramaniam Jan 2014

Detection Of Dominant Algal Blooms By Remote Sensing, Chuanmin Hu, Shubha Sathyendranath, Jamie D. Shutler, Christopher W. Brown, Tim S. Moore, Susanne E. Craig, Inia Soto, Ajit Subramaniam

Marine Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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An Eof-Based Algorithm To Estimate Chlorophyll A Concentrations In Taihu Lake From Modis Land-Band Measurements: Implications For Near Real-Time Applications And Forecasting Models, Lin Qi, Chuanmin Hu, Hongtao Duan, Brian B. Barnes, Ronghua Ma Jan 2014

An Eof-Based Algorithm To Estimate Chlorophyll A Concentrations In Taihu Lake From Modis Land-Band Measurements: Implications For Near Real-Time Applications And Forecasting Models, Lin Qi, Chuanmin Hu, Hongtao Duan, Brian B. Barnes, Ronghua Ma

Marine Science Faculty Publications

For near real-time water applications, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua are currently the only satellite instruments that can provide well-calibrated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance data over the global aquatic environments. However, TOA radiance data in the MODIS ocean bands over turbid atmosphere in east China often saturate, leaving only four land bands to use. In this study, an approach based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis has been developed and validated to estimate chlorophyll a concentrations (Chla, μg/L) in surface waters of Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China. The EOF approach analyzed the …

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Introduction In Precedent In The United States Supreme Court, Christopher J. Peters Jan 2014

Introduction In Precedent In The United States Supreme Court, Christopher J. Peters

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Zero And The Rise Of Technological Lawmaking, Max Stul Oppenheimer Jan 2014

Zero And The Rise Of Technological Lawmaking, Max Stul Oppenheimer

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Planck 2013 Results. Ii. Low Frequency Instrument Data Processing, Nabila Aghanim, Charmaine Armitage-Caplan, Monique Arnaud, Mark Ashdown, Bruce Partridge Jan 2014

Planck 2013 Results. Ii. Low Frequency Instrument Data Processing, Nabila Aghanim, Charmaine Armitage-Caplan, Monique Arnaud, Mark Ashdown, Bruce Partridge

Physics Faculty Scholarship

We describe the data processing pipeline of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data processing centre (DPC) to create and characterize full-sky maps based on the first 15.5 months of operations at 30, 44, and 70 GHz. In particular, we discuss the various steps involved in reducing the data, from telemetry packets through to the production of cleaned, calibrated timelines and calibrated frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation induced on the mean temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation by the proper motion of the spacecraft. Sky signals other than the dipole are removed by an iterative …

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Blinking In Human Communicative Behaviour And It's Reproduction In Artificial Agents, Christopher Colin Ford Jan 2014

Blinking In Human Communicative Behaviour And It's Reproduction In Artificial Agents, Christopher Colin Ford

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

A significant year-on-year rise in the creation and sales of personal and domestic robotic systems and the development of online embodied communicative agents (ECAs) has in parallel seen an increase in end-users from the public domain interacting with these systems. A number of these robotic/ECA systems are defined as social, whereby they are physically designed to resemble the bodily structure of a human and behaviorally designed to exist within human social surroundings. Their behavioural design is especially important with respect to communication as it is commonly stated that for any social robotic/ECA system to be truly useful within its role, …

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Multiplicity Of Viral Infection In Brown Algae, Kim Stevens Jan 2014

Multiplicity Of Viral Infection In Brown Algae, Kim Stevens

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Brown algae are important primary producers and habitat formers in coastal environments and are believed to have evolved multicellularity independently of the other eukaryotes. The phaeoviruses that infect them form a stable lysogenic relationship with their host via genome integration, but have only been extensively studied in two genera: Ectocarpus and Feldmannia. In this study I aim to improve our understanding of the genetic diversity, host range and distribution of phaeoviruses. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of amplified fragments of three core phaeoviral genes (encoding major capsid protein (MCP), DNA polymerase and superfamily III helicase) of phaeovirus infected algae confirmed the …

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Tracing The Compositional Process. Sound Art That Rewrites Its Own Past: Formation, Praxis And A Computer Framework, Hanns Holger Rutz Jan 2014

Tracing The Compositional Process. Sound Art That Rewrites Its Own Past: Formation, Praxis And A Computer Framework, Hanns Holger Rutz

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

The domain of this thesis is electroacoustic computer-based music and sound art. It investigates a facet of composition which is often neglected or ill-defined: the process of composing itself and its embedding in time. Previous research mostly focused on instrumental composition or, when electronic music was included, the computer was treated as a tool which would eventually be subtracted from the equation. The aim was either to explain a resultant piece of music by reconstructing the intention of the composer, or to explain human creativity by building a model of the mind. Our aim instead is to understand composition as …

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Towards Sustainable Middle Eastern Cities: A Local Sustainability Assessment Framework, Mustafa Al-Alwani Jan 2014

Towards Sustainable Middle Eastern Cities: A Local Sustainability Assessment Framework, Mustafa Al-Alwani

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

The construction of a guiding methodological framework for local sustainability assessment is a key to achieving a sustainable future. This study develops an approach to local sustainability assessment (ALSA), a methodological framework that facilitates the formulation, selection and prioritisation of key indicators to guide the assessment of city sustainability at a local level in Middle Eastern cities. Based on a literature review, this research devised a methodological framework, ALSA, which is a combination of the Commission on Sustainable Development’s (CSD)Theme Indicator Framework (2001) (themes, sub themes and indicators) and a Goal-Based Framework (indicators that most directly reflect the issues of …

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Incumbency Effects In English Local Elections 1974-2010: Assessing The Advantage Of Electoral Defence, Michael Thomas Eugeniusz Turner Jan 2014

Incumbency Effects In English Local Elections 1974-2010: Assessing The Advantage Of Electoral Defence, Michael Thomas Eugeniusz Turner

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

The study of electoral defence and its stated advantages are an integral part of American political science. Post-war, much academic literature has emerged in an attempt to identify and explain rising re-election rates of congressional incumbents and the political consequences of such a phenomenon (Mayhew 1974; Fiorina 1977; Cain, Ferejohn & Fiorina 1987; Gelman & King 1990; King 1991). Conversely, the study of political incumbency in Britain can be attributed to a handful of scholars who tend to consider the repercussions at parliamentary level (Williams 1967, King 1981, Cain, Ferejohn and Fiorina 1984, Norton 1990 & 1994, Norris, Valance & …

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Perceiving Voids: Memory And Sight Afflictions In Contemporary Cinema, Francesco Marineo Jan 2014

Perceiving Voids: Memory And Sight Afflictions In Contemporary Cinema, Francesco Marineo

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

My thesis focuses on the perceptive afflictions caused by alteration of the normal biological functioning of sight and memory. These afflictions are related to the redefinition and disgregation of the classical and postclassical cinematographic characters, and affect cinematographic language, establishing a dialectical relation with the filmic image that contaminates our spectatorial perception. In the first chapter I propose a different reading of a few moments in film history, turning points in which a modification of the ordinary sensorial patterns has been introduced. From the German Expressionism to the late authorial experiments of the 60s, there is a sort of hidden …

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The British Way Of War In North West Europe 1944-45: A Study Of Two Infantry Divisions, Louis Paul Devine Jan 2014

The British Way Of War In North West Europe 1944-45: A Study Of Two Infantry Divisions, Louis Paul Devine

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis will examine the British way of war as experienced by two British Infantry Divisions - the 43rd ‘Wessex’ and 53rd ‘Welsh’ - during the Overlord campaign in North West Europe in 1944 and 1945. The main locus of research centres on the fighting components of those divisions; the infantry battalions and their supporting regiments. In order to understand the way the British fought this part of the war, the thesis will consider the British Army’s history since 1918: its level of expertise at the end of the First World War; the impact of inter-war changes, and the experience …

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German-German Relations In The Fields Of Sport, With Particular Reference To The Olympic Games 1952-1972, Bernd Raeke Jan 2014

German-German Relations In The Fields Of Sport, With Particular Reference To The Olympic Games 1952-1972, Bernd Raeke

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis explores the surprising phenomenon of the existence of joint German-German teams in the three successive Olympic years of 1956, 1960 and 1964. This unusual example of cooperation – in the midst of Cold War hostilities - between the two antagonistic Germanys, West and East, was caused by: • the idealistic though illusionary conviction of Avery Brundage, influential President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), that German-German cooperation in the field of Olympics, as initiated by him, would also result in closer political relations between the Federal Republic (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR): ‘a development in which …

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Secure Tracking System For Next Generation Cit Products, Christopher William Kosmas Jan 2014

Secure Tracking System For Next Generation Cit Products, Christopher William Kosmas

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The Cash in Transit (CIT) industry demands reliable and innovative products from its suppliers to ensure safety and reliability within the industry. Product innovation has been directed at a bespoke tracking system for the Cash in Transit industry, which can meet its stringent requirements and excel above the capabilities of standard, readily available tracking systems. The presented research has investigated the state of the art in tracking and localisation systems and has highlighted Wi-Fi as a potential novel Cash in Transit tracking solution. With research into 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and the effects in a CIT environment, the technology has been understood …

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The Effect Of Probiotics On Bacterial Human Skin Pathogens, Jasim Hussein Al-Attwani Jan 2014

The Effect Of Probiotics On Bacterial Human Skin Pathogens, Jasim Hussein Al-Attwani

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Probiotic bacteria have been investigated in the prevention and treatment of various diseases and allergies. The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of eight probiotic Lactobacillus species against bacterial human skin pathogens using several techniques. Antimicrobial activity of lactobacilli against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Propionibacterium acnes was evaluated using lactobacilli broth cultures (BCB) and cell free supernatant (CFS). Antimicrobial activity was significantly greater with BCB compared with CFS especially for Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Lactobacilli and pathogen aggregation, biofilm formation and adhesion to keratin were assessed. L. casei and L. plantarum were selected for …

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Cultural Icons': Media Representations Of Second Homes In New Zealand, Trudie Walters Jan 2014

Cultural Icons': Media Representations Of Second Homes In New Zealand, Trudie Walters

Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice

New Zealanders have a long history of second home ownership, and the second home landscape is an important part of the New Zealand culture. Traditional second homes are known colloquially as the ‘bach’ or ‘crib’, and it is part of the New Zealand psyche to ‘escape to the bach’ for the weekend, especially over the summer months. However, since the 1960s these traditional second homes have been replaced in many areas by second homes that are indistinguishable from urban homes. They have become much larger, are often architecturally designed and with more modern conveniences and technology than the traditional bach. …

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(Re)Thinking Maori Tourism: The Third Space Of Hybridity, Maria Amoamo Jan 2014

(Re)Thinking Maori Tourism: The Third Space Of Hybridity, Maria Amoamo

Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice

This commentary reflects on the salience of hybridity as a theoretical tool in postcolonial studies. It argues that embedded paradigms such as colonised /coloniser and binary constructs Self/Other become subject to disruptive conjuncture through processes of hybridization and third space enunciation. It seeks to (re)think Māori Tourism as residing in third space inbetween spaces”and renegotiates the articulation of cultural production in a tourism context. Māori Tourism is therefore better understood in terms of cultural engagement that is performatively produced, historically informed, and transformed as new signs of identity.

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The Utility Of The Auditory Brainstem Response In Children With Atypical Saccadic Eye Movements, Pauline Elizabeth Campbell Jan 2014

The Utility Of The Auditory Brainstem Response In Children With Atypical Saccadic Eye Movements, Pauline Elizabeth Campbell

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Lesions in the brainstem result in widespread damage to a number of sensorimotor systems including oculomotor and auditory neural circuits. Although these systems are spatially separate and highly specialised, they are also co-located. This thesis, investigates whether lesions in the oculomotor system will also cause co-morbid dysfunction in the auditory pathways. Specifically, we investigated the usefulness of the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in two oculomotor conditions: slow saccades in Gaucher disease (GD) and opsoclonus in Dancing Eye Syndrome (DES). We present four empirical studies. In our first study we systematically investigated the ABR in GD. We found that multimodal testing …

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Tribological Characterisation And Modelling Of Premium Tubular Connections, Fiona Stewart Jan 2014

Tribological Characterisation And Modelling Of Premium Tubular Connections, Fiona Stewart

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Premium tubular connections (sometimes referred to as rotary shouldered thread connections), are commonly used to complete a production string in a well in the oil and gas industry. These are attached to threaded pipe ends using a bucking unit and a pre-defined torque value. The torque value is calculated using the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces and a well-known torque equation. The existing technology relies on the coefficient of friction approximated by interpolation, or extrapolation, of empirical data. This may become inaccurate due to the variation of surface finish and/or operation conditions and lead to over or under …

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Computational Study Of The Mechanisms Underlying Oscillation In Neuronal Locomotor Circuits, Robert Merrison-Hort Jan 2014

Computational Study Of The Mechanisms Underlying Oscillation In Neuronal Locomotor Circuits, Robert Merrison-Hort

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

In this thesis we model two very different movement-related neuronal circuits, both of which produce oscillatory patterns of activity. In one case we study oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia under both normal and Parkinsonian conditions. First, we used a detailed Hodgkin-Huxley type spiking model to investigate the activity patterns that arise when oscillatory cortical input is transmitted to the globus pallidus via the subthalamic nucleus. Our model reproduced a result from rodent studies which shows that two anti-phase oscillatory groups of pallidal neurons appear under Parkinsonian conditions. Secondly, we used a population model of the basal ganglia to study …

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Air Permeability Of Balsa Core, And Its Influence On Defect Formation In Resin Infused Sandwich Laminates, Richard Kingsley Cullen Jan 2014

Air Permeability Of Balsa Core, And Its Influence On Defect Formation In Resin Infused Sandwich Laminates, Richard Kingsley Cullen

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Many large composite structures are manufactured using sandwich laminates to achieve high specific bending strength and stiffness. Examples include wind turbine blades, where self-weight becomes increasingly important as blade size increases. Resin infusion of three-dimensional sandwich laminates can result in complex resin flow paths, and subsequent defect formation, which are difficult to predict. The core material used for sandwich construction and its interaction with liquid resins may also influence the formation of defects, and in the case of balsa this effect can be used to reduce defect severity. In order to evaluate the effect of cored sandwich laminate construction on …

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Investigation Motorcycle Safety At Exit Ramp Sections By Analyzing Historical Crash Data And Rider’S Perception, Hongyun Chen, Chanyoung Lee Ph.D., Aicp, Ptp, Pei-Sung Lin Jan 2014

Investigation Motorcycle Safety At Exit Ramp Sections By Analyzing Historical Crash Data And Rider’S Perception, Hongyun Chen, Chanyoung Lee Ph.D., Aicp, Ptp, Pei-Sung Lin

CUTR Faculty Journal Publications

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety performance of four exit ramp types and the major contributing factors on motorcycle crashes and injury severity of motorcycle riders. A six-year crash data were collected in Florida, and a web-based survey (234 samples) was conducted. 573 crashes were found at 419 exits, including 178 diamond exits, 71 directional exits, 85 loop exits and 85 outer connection exits. For a diamond exit, both the survey and crash data showed that this type was safer and more preferable by motorcycle riders; while a loop exit was the most dangerous exit due …

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Bodies And Borders In Francisco Delicado’S Retrato De La Lozana Andaluza, Israel Burshatin Jan 2014

Bodies And Borders In Francisco Delicado’S Retrato De La Lozana Andaluza, Israel Burshatin

Spanish Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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