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2014

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Newborn Care: What We Can Learn From The Kangaroo Mother, Donald E. Greydanus, Joav Merrick Jul 2014

Newborn Care: What We Can Learn From The Kangaroo Mother, Donald E. Greydanus, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Wide-Field In Vivo Neocortical Calcium Dye Imaging Using A Convection-Enhanced Loading Technique Combined With Simultaneous Multiwavelength Imaging Of Voltage-Sensitive Dyes And Hemodynamic Signals, Hongtao Ma, Samuel Harris, Redi Rahmani, Clay O. Lacefield, Mingrui Zhao, Randy M. Bruno, Jason Berwick, Theodore H. Schwartz Jul 2014

Wide-Field In Vivo Neocortical Calcium Dye Imaging Using A Convection-Enhanced Loading Technique Combined With Simultaneous Multiwavelength Imaging Of Voltage-Sensitive Dyes And Hemodynamic Signals, Hongtao Ma, Samuel Harris, Redi Rahmani, Clay O. Lacefield, Mingrui Zhao, Randy M. Bruno, Jason Berwick, Theodore H. Schwartz

Dartmouth Scholarship

In Vivo calcium imaging is an incredibly powerful technique that provides simultaneous information on fast neuronal events, such as action potentials and subthreshold synaptic activity, as well as slower events that occur in the glia and surrounding neuropil. Bulk-loading methods that involve multiple injections can be used for single-cell as well as wide-field imaging studies. However, multiple injections result in inhomogeneous loading as well as multiple sites of potential cortical injury. We used convection-enhanced delivery to create smooth, continuous loading of a large area of the cortical surface through a solitary injection site and demonstrated the efficacy of the technique …

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Structured Light Scatteroscopy, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Jonathan T. Elliott, David M. Mcclatchy, Richard J. Barth Jr., Wendy A. Wells, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen Jul 2014

Structured Light Scatteroscopy, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Jonathan T. Elliott, David M. Mcclatchy, Richard J. Barth Jr., Wendy A. Wells, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

A new imaging approach, structured light scatteroscopy (SLS), is demonstrated, which offers rapid wide-field imaging of microscopic morphological variations in bulk tissue surfaces. Elastic scattering of light offers exquisite sensitivity to ultrastructural changes at multiple size scales ranging from nanometers to millimeters, but in bulk tissues the confounding effects of molecular absorption and strong multiple scattering of light often lead to a dramatic reduction in scatter contrast and specificity. It is demonstrated that the SLS using structured high spatial frequency illumination and detection to probe the tissue achieves direct, absorption-independent, high-resolution maps of the scattering response. The scattering response is …

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Molecular Dynamics In Diatomic Molecules With One- And Two-Color Ultrafast Laser Pulses, Vincent Tagliamonti Jul 2014

Molecular Dynamics In Diatomic Molecules With One- And Two-Color Ultrafast Laser Pulses, Vincent Tagliamonti

Doctoral Dissertations

Strong field ionization with ultrafast laser pulses allows for real-time measurements of the forming and breaking of chemical bonds. The time duration of an ultrafast pulse is tens of femtoseconds while dynamics such as nuclear vibration and dissociation occurring in small molecules is hundreds of fs. Ultrafast lasers are therefore capable of imaging these dynamics in real-time, providing insight into the physics of molecular ionization, vibration, and orbital structure. I will discuss several experiments examining the effects of strong field ionization in diatomic iodine in the presence of a two-­color (800­ and 400 nm) phase stable femtosecond laser pulse. By …

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Selection Of A Nanoparticle Stabilizer For A Calcium Phosphate Drug Delivery System, Jessica L. Woodman Jul 2014

Selection Of A Nanoparticle Stabilizer For A Calcium Phosphate Drug Delivery System, Jessica L. Woodman

Doctoral Dissertations

Overall cancer survival rates steadily decline each year following diagnosis and side effects of chemotherapy restrict its use. The chemotherapeutic cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (cisplatin, CDDP) is poorly soluble and has dose limiting side effects. Nanoparticle delivery systems can deliver a higher dose of drug directly to the tumor by both active and passive targeting, holding promise of fewer side effects and greater anti-tumor efficacy. To date, few nanoparticle systems have been FDA approved for the treatment of cancer due to complicated physicochemical characterization, drug inactivation by the delivery system, scale-up challenges, and lack of demonstrated in vivo safety and efficacy. Further research …

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Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates Hpa Axis Output During Stress: Effect Of Stress, Dexamethasone Test And Acth Challenge, Andrea N. Sorenson, Erin C. Sullivan, Sally P. Mendoza, John P. Capitanio, James Dee Higley Jul 2014

Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates Hpa Axis Output During Stress: Effect Of Stress, Dexamethasone Test And Acth Challenge, Andrea N. Sorenson, Erin C. Sullivan, Sally P. Mendoza, John P. Capitanio, James Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

Background—Studies show that the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is dysregulated in depression. Some studies suggest that variation in the serotonin transporter genotype (hereafter 5HTT) modulates both risk for depression and psychopathological HPA axis responsiveness. Rhesus monkeys are well suited to model such relationships. Rhesus macaque models of human psychopathology have assessed the effect of the serotonin transporter (rh5HTT) on levels of cortisol in stressed subjects. These studies show that that under conditions of stress, heterozygous females (Ls) reared under adversity exhibit high levels of cortisol. Studies have not to our knowledge, however, assessed the potential additive effect on the cortisol response …

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Predicting Learning: A Fine-Grained Analysis Of Learning Within A Serious Game, Carolyn Mcgregor Forsyth Jul 2014

Predicting Learning: A Fine-Grained Analysis Of Learning Within A Serious Game, Carolyn Mcgregor Forsyth

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The dissertation investigates predictors of shallow versus deep learning within a serious game known as Operation ARA. The game uses a myriad of pedagogical features including multiple-choice tests, adaptive natural language tutorial conversations, case-based reasoning, and an E-text to engage students. Students are expected to learn about 11 topics of research methodology across three distinct modules that target factual information, application of reasoning to specific cases, and question generation. The first goal of this dissertation is to blend Evidence-Centered Design(ECD) and educational data mining (EDM) in an effort to identify and discover the best predictors of shallow versus deep level …

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Ozone-Oxidative Preconditioning Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Sprague-Dawley Rats, Livan Delgado-Roche, Yanet Hernández-Matos, Emilio A. Morejón, Dalia Á., Maité R. González, Gregorio Martίnez-Sánchez Jul 2014

Ozone-Oxidative Preconditioning Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Sprague-Dawley Rats, Livan Delgado-Roche, Yanet Hernández-Matos, Emilio A. Morejón, Dalia Á., Maité R. González, Gregorio Martίnez-Sánchez

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: Induced dilated cardiomyopathy is the main limitation of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, which causes oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte death. As ozone therapy can activate the antioxidant systems, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ozone-oxidative preconditioning against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: The study was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed in the following treatment groups: Group 1 were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) of doxorubicin twice a week for 50 days; Group 2 were treated with 0.3 mg of ozone/oxygen mixture at 50 μg/ mL of ozone per 6 mL …

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Collective Behaviour Without Collective Order In Wild Swarms Of Midges, Alessandro Attanasi, Andrea Cavagna, Lorenzo Del Castello, Irene Giardina, Stefania Melillo, Leonardo Parisi, Oliver Pohl, Bruno Rossaro, Edward Shen, Edmondo Silvestri, Massimilano Viale Jul 2014

Collective Behaviour Without Collective Order In Wild Swarms Of Midges, Alessandro Attanasi, Andrea Cavagna, Lorenzo Del Castello, Irene Giardina, Stefania Melillo, Leonardo Parisi, Oliver Pohl, Bruno Rossaro, Edward Shen, Edmondo Silvestri, Massimilano Viale

Publications and Research

Collective behaviour is a widespread phenomenon in biology, cutting through a huge span of scales, from cell colonies up to bird flocks and fish schools. The most prominent trait of collective behaviour is the emergence of global order: individuals synchronize their states, giving the stunning impression that the group behaves as one. In many biological systems, though, it is unclear whether global order is present. A paradigmatic case is that of insect swarms, whose erratic movements seem to suggest that group formation is a mere epiphenomenon of the independent interaction of each individual with an external landmark. In these cases, …

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Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates Hpa Axis Output During Stress: Effect Of Stress, Dexamethasone Test And Acth Challenge, Andrea N. Sorenson, Erin C. Sullivan, Sally P. Mendoza, John P. Capitanio, James Dee Higley Jul 2014

Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates Hpa Axis Output During Stress: Effect Of Stress, Dexamethasone Test And Acth Challenge, Andrea N. Sorenson, Erin C. Sullivan, Sally P. Mendoza, John P. Capitanio, James Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

Background—Studies show that the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is dysregulated in depression. Some studies suggest that variation in the serotonin transporter genotype (hereafter 5HTT) modulates both risk for depression and psychopathological HPA axis responsiveness. Rhesus monkeys are well suited to model such relationships. Rhesus macaque models of human psychopathology have assessed the effect of the serotonin transporter (rh5HTT) on levels of cortisol in stressed subjects. These studies show that that under conditions of stress, heterozygous females (Ls) reared under adversity exhibit high levels of cortisol. Studies have not to our knowledge, however, assessed the potential additive effect on the cortisol response …

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Global Burden Of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation And Implications For The Neglected Tropical Diseases, Peter J. Hotez, Miriam Alvarado, Maria Gloria Basanez, Ian Bolliger, Et Al. Jul 2014

Global Burden Of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation And Implications For The Neglected Tropical Diseases, Peter J. Hotez, Miriam Alvarado, Maria Gloria Basanez, Ian Bolliger, Et Al.

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

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Why We Should Stop Creating Pets With Lives Worth Living, Chelsea Haramia Jul 2014

Why We Should Stop Creating Pets With Lives Worth Living, Chelsea Haramia

Between the Species

Pedigreed breeding often leads to severe health problems for, say, those dogs who exist as a result of the practice. It is also the case that virtually all of those unhealthy animals would not exist at all if it were not for the practice of pedigreed breeding. If those animals have lives worth living, then it follows that they are not harmed by the practice—assuming that a life worth living is better than no life at all. It would seem, then, that the standard account of harm cannot account for the wrongness of our intentionally creating pets with lower welfare. …

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Indigenous Knowledge And Science Unite To Reveal Spatial And Temporal Dimensions Of Distributional Shift In Wildlife Of Conservation Concern, Christina N. Service, Megan S. Adams, Kyle A. Artelle, Paul C. Paquet, Laura V. Grant, Chris T. Darimont Jul 2014

Indigenous Knowledge And Science Unite To Reveal Spatial And Temporal Dimensions Of Distributional Shift In Wildlife Of Conservation Concern, Christina N. Service, Megan S. Adams, Kyle A. Artelle, Paul C. Paquet, Laura V. Grant, Chris T. Darimont

Population Distribution and Habitat Collection

Range shifts among wildlife can occur rapidly and impose cascading ecological, economic, and cultural consequences. However, occurrence data used to define distributional limits derived from scientific approaches are often outdated for wide ranging and elusive species, especially in remote environments. Accordingly, our aim was to amalgamate indigenous and western scientific evidence of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) records and detail a potential range shift on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. In addition, we test the hypothesis that data from each method yield similar results, as well as illustrate the complementary nature of this coupled approach. Combining information from …

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Strategic Focus On 3r Principles Reveals Major Reductions In The Use Of Animals In Pharmaceutical Toxicity Testing, Elin Törnqvist, Anita Annas, Britta Granath, Elisabeth Jalkesten, Ian Cotgreave, Mattias Öberg Jul 2014

Strategic Focus On 3r Principles Reveals Major Reductions In The Use Of Animals In Pharmaceutical Toxicity Testing, Elin Törnqvist, Anita Annas, Britta Granath, Elisabeth Jalkesten, Ian Cotgreave, Mattias Öberg

Application of Alternative Methods Collection

The principles of the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, are being increasingly incorporated into legislations, guidelines and practice of animal experiments in order to safeguard animal welfare. In the present study we have studied the systematic application of 3R principles to toxicological research in the pharmaceutical industry, with particular focus on achieving reductions in animal numbers used in regulatory and investigatory in vivo studies. The work also details major factors influencing these reductions including the conception of ideas, cross-departmental working and acceptance into the work process. Data from 36 reduction projects were collected retrospectively from work between 2006 and 2010. …

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Several Mexican States Move To Ban Use Of Animals In Circus Acts, Carlos Navarro Jul 2014

Several Mexican States Move To Ban Use Of Animals In Circus Acts, Carlos Navarro

SourceMex

No abstract provided.

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Volume 51, Number 49: July 23, 2014, University Of North Dakota Jul 2014

Volume 51, Number 49: July 23, 2014, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

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A Proto-Architecture For Innate Directionally Selective Visual Maps, Sv Adams, Cm Harris Jul 2014

A Proto-Architecture For Innate Directionally Selective Visual Maps, Sv Adams, Cm Harris

School of Psychology

Self-organizing artificial neural networks are a popular tool for studying visual system development, in particular the cortical feature maps present in real systems that represent properties such as ocular dominance (OD), orientation-selectivity (OR) and direction selectivity (DS). They are also potentially useful in artificial systems, for example robotics, where the ability to extract and learn features from the environment in an unsupervised way is important. In this computational study we explore a DS map that is already latent in a simple artificial network. This latent selectivity arises purely from the cortical architecture without any explicit coding for DS and prior …

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The Effect Of Platelet-Rich Plasma (Prp) On Muscle Contusion Healing In A Rat Model., Demetris Delos, Matthew J. Leineweber, Salma Chaudhury, Saif Alzoobaee, Yingxin Gao, Scott Alan Rodeo Jul 2014

The Effect Of Platelet-Rich Plasma (Prp) On Muscle Contusion Healing In A Rat Model., Demetris Delos, Matthew J. Leineweber, Salma Chaudhury, Saif Alzoobaee, Yingxin Gao, Scott Alan Rodeo

Faculty Publications

Background: Current therapy for muscle contusions is usually limited to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or use of the RICE principle (rest, ice, compression, elevation); thus, other forms of treatment that can potentially accelerate the rate of healing are desirable. Hypotheses: A local injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) would lead to accelerated healing rates compared with controls; also, delayed administration of PRP would lead to a blunted response compared with immediate treatment. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Forty-six male Lewis rats each underwent a single blunt, nonpenetrating impact to the gastrocnemius muscle via a drop-mass technique and subsequently received either a …

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The Bg News July 23, 2014, Bowling Green State University Jul 2014

The Bg News July 23, 2014, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. July 23, 2014. Volume 93-Issue 109.

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The Murray Ledger And Times, July 23, 2014, The Murray Ledger And Times Jul 2014

The Murray Ledger And Times, July 23, 2014, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.

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Hamelin Pool Stromatolites: Ages And Interactions With The Depositional Environment, Paige E. Giusfredi Jul 2014

Hamelin Pool Stromatolites: Ages And Interactions With The Depositional Environment, Paige E. Giusfredi

Open Access Theses

Stromatolites are lithified, laminated organosedimentary structures that dominate the fossil record for 80% of Earth History. Stromatolites form through two processes: the trapping and binding of detrital grains by microbial mats and precipitation of calcium carbonate within microbial mats. Stromatolites from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia provide a unique opportunity to study depositional processes within the long-lived stromatolite ecosystem. This thesis focuses on investigating the applicability of various techniques for dating modern stromatolites and determining the role that stromatolites play as sediment sinks and sediment sources. Shark Bay stromatolites were dated using Uranium-Thorium geochronometry and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) …

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Survivin As Potential Mediator To Support Autoreactive Cell Survival In Myasthenia Gravis: A Human And Animal Model Study, Linda Louise Kusner, Michael J. Ciesielski, Alexander Marx, Henry J. Kaminski, Robert A. Fenstermaker Jul 2014

Survivin As Potential Mediator To Support Autoreactive Cell Survival In Myasthenia Gravis: A Human And Animal Model Study, Linda Louise Kusner, Michael J. Ciesielski, Alexander Marx, Henry J. Kaminski, Robert A. Fenstermaker

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

The mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of autoimmunity in myasthenia gravis are poorly understood. In this investigation, we evaluate the role of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, in humans and in two animal models. We identified survivin expression in cells with B lymphocyte and plasma cells markers, and in the thymuses of patients with myasthenia gravis. A portion of survivin-expressing cells specifically bound a peptide derived from the alpha subunit of acetylcholine receptor indicating that they recognize the peptide. Thymuses of patients with myasthenia gravis had large numbers of survivin-positive cells with fewer …

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Association Of Trauma Exposure With Proinflammatory Activity: A Transdiagnostic Meta-Analysis., M Tursich, R W J Neufeld, P A Frewen, S Harricharan, J L Kibler, S G Rhind, R A Lanius Jul 2014

Association Of Trauma Exposure With Proinflammatory Activity: A Transdiagnostic Meta-Analysis., M Tursich, R W J Neufeld, P A Frewen, S Harricharan, J L Kibler, S G Rhind, R A Lanius

Faculty Articles

Exposure to psychological trauma (for example, childhood/early life adversity, exposure to violence or assault, combat exposure, accidents or natural disasters) is known to increase one's risk of developing certain chronic medical conditions. Clinical and population studies provide evidence of systemic inflammatory activity in trauma survivors with various psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions. This transdiagnostic meta-analysis quantitatively integrates the literature on the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers to trauma exposure and related symptomatology. We conducted random effects meta-analyses relating trauma exposure to log-transformed inflammatory biomarker concentrations, using meta-regression models to test the effects of study quality and psychiatric symptomatology on the inflammatory outcomes. …

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Should Pets Be Banished From The Bedroom?, Harold Herzog Jul 2014

Should Pets Be Banished From The Bedroom?, Harold Herzog

'Animals and Us' Blog Posts

Is it OK to sleep with your pets?

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2014-07-22-Alsop's Summer Course Investigate Flora And Fauna, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University Jul 2014

2014-07-22-Alsop's Summer Course Investigate Flora And Fauna, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

Accent [newsletter]

No abstract provided.

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2014-07-22-Professor Spends Summers In Mongolia Studying Petroglyphs, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University Jul 2014

2014-07-22-Professor Spends Summers In Mongolia Studying Petroglyphs, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

Accent [newsletter]

No abstract provided.

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Post Protein Hydrolysis Removal Of A Potent Ribonuclease Inhibitor And The Enzymatic Capture Of Dna, Matt Ewert, Philip Amuso, Andrew Cannons Jul 2014

Post Protein Hydrolysis Removal Of A Potent Ribonuclease Inhibitor And The Enzymatic Capture Of Dna, Matt Ewert, Philip Amuso, Andrew Cannons

USF Patents

The present invention concerns compositions and methods of extracting infectious pathogens from a volume of blood. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of creating a fibrin aggregate confining the pathogens and introducing a fibrin lysis reagent to expose the pathogens for analysis. The present invention also concerns materials and methods for removing aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) from a sample.

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Ischemic Tissue Cell Therapy, Paul R. Sanberg, Nelson Americo Hossne, Jr., Alison E. Willing, Adriana Invitti Jul 2014

Ischemic Tissue Cell Therapy, Paul R. Sanberg, Nelson Americo Hossne, Jr., Alison E. Willing, Adriana Invitti

USF Patents

The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for treatment of ischemic diseases and conditions, particularly myocardial, CNS/brain and limb ischemia. More particularly, the present invention provides methods of treating disorders by administering monocytes obtained from blood, including umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, or bone marrow to an individual in need of treatment, wherein the drug is administered to the individual at a time point specifically determined to provide therapeutic efficacy. In one embodiment, the cells are for injection into ischemic myocardium for the treatment of angina.

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Cell Type-Dependent Rna Recombination Frequency In The Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Wei-Wei Chiang, Chingkai Chuang, Mei Chao, Wei-June Chen Jul 2014

Cell Type-Dependent Rna Recombination Frequency In The Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Wei-Wei Chiang, Chingkai Chuang, Mei Chao, Wei-June Chen

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of approximately 70 flaviviruses, frequently causing symptoms involving the central nervous system. Mutations of its genomic RNA frequently occur during viral replication, which is believed to be a force contributing to viral evolution. Nevertheless, accumulating evidences show that some JEV strains may have actually arisen from RNA recombination between genetically different populations of the virus. We have demonstrated that RNA recombination in JEV occurs unequally in different cell types. In the present study, viral RNA fragments transfected into as well as viral RNAs synthesized in mosquito cells were shown not to be stable, especially …

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Using Temporal Changes In Drought Indices To Generate Probabilistic Drought Intensification Forecasts, Jason A. Otkin, Martha C. Anderson, Christopher Hain, Mark Svoboda Jul 2014

Using Temporal Changes In Drought Indices To Generate Probabilistic Drought Intensification Forecasts, Jason A. Otkin, Martha C. Anderson, Christopher Hain, Mark Svoboda

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

In this study, the potential utility of using rapid temporal changes in drought indices to provide early warning of an elevated risk for drought development over subseasonal time scales is assessed. Standardized change anomalies were computed each week during the 2000–13 growing seasons for drought indices depicting anomalies in evapotranspiration, precipitation, and soil moisture. A rapid change index (RCI) that encapsulates the accumulated magnitude of rapid changes in the weekly anomalies was computed each week for each drought index, and then a simple statistical method was used to convert the RCI values into drought intensification probabilities depicting the likelihood that …

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