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2014

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Btk Regulated Macrophage Polarization In Response To Lipopolysaccharide, Joan Ní Gabhann, Emily Hams, Siobhán Smith, Claire Wynne, Jennifer C. Byrne, Kiva Brennan, Shaun Spence, Adrien Kissenpfennig Jan 2014

Btk Regulated Macrophage Polarization In Response To Lipopolysaccharide, Joan Ní Gabhann, Emily Hams, Siobhán Smith, Claire Wynne, Jennifer C. Byrne, Kiva Brennan, Shaun Spence, Adrien Kissenpfennig

Articles

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a strong inducer of inflammation and does so by inducing polarization of macrophages to the classic inflammatory M1 population. Given the role of Btk as a critical signal transducer downstream of TLR4, we investigated its role in M1/M2 induction. In Btk deficient (Btk−\−) mice we observed markedly reduced recruitment of M1 macrophages following intraperitoneal administration of LPS. Ex vivo analysis demonstrated an impaired ability of Btk−/− macrophages to polarize into M1 macrophages, instead showing enhanced induction of immunosuppressive M2-associated markers in response to M1 polarizing stimuli, a finding accompanied by reduced phosphorylation …

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Biologics Price Competition And Innovation Act: Striking A Delicate Balance Between Innovation And Accessibility, Ude Lu Jan 2014

Biologics Price Competition And Innovation Act: Striking A Delicate Balance Between Innovation And Accessibility, Ude Lu

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Sustainable Communities And Wind Energy Project Acceptance In Massachusetts, Mariateresa A. Petrova Jan 2014

Sustainable Communities And Wind Energy Project Acceptance In Massachusetts, Mariateresa A. Petrova

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Faculty Masthead, Mjlst Editorial Board Jan 2014

Faculty Masthead, Mjlst Editorial Board

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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A Spoonful Of Sugarcane Ethanol: A Green Tax Medicine For The Cellulosic Ethanol Industry, Ke M. Huang Jan 2014

A Spoonful Of Sugarcane Ethanol: A Green Tax Medicine For The Cellulosic Ethanol Industry, Ke M. Huang

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

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Organic Farming In France: À La Mode Or A Mode Of Life?, Ellen L. Mallette Jan 2014

Organic Farming In France: À La Mode Or A Mode Of Life?, Ellen L. Mallette

Honors Theses

Organic farming, as opposed to conventional or traditional farming that employs the use of chemicals, is a method that was begun in the middle of the twentieth century, shortly after the end of World War II. In many ways it is a return to farming practices that were conducted for centuries until about the late 1800's when pesticides and fertilizers were introduced. The rise of organic farming has been occurring all over the world to varying degrees over the past few decades. The French have always had a strong connection to agriculture, food, and the preservation of tradition, so organic …

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Integrated Conservation And Development Projects (Icdps): Characteristics Of Success And Recommendations For Implementation, Emory Smith Jan 2014

Integrated Conservation And Development Projects (Icdps): Characteristics Of Success And Recommendations For Implementation, Emory Smith

Honors Theses

The aim of this study is to investigate integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) and to help improve their future implementation by identifying the underlying philosophies that make ICDPs successful. Conserving natural ecosystems in developing regions is important, but it is difficult because local people use those ecosystems for their sustenance and are not capable of forgoing that use unless some other means exists for them to earn a living. Consequently, ICDP emerged in the early 1990's as a means to both conserve natural resources and provide economic development for the local people. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of …

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Effects Of Globalization On The Use Of The Mediterranean Diet In Spain, Jacob J. Mcgee Jan 2014

Effects Of Globalization On The Use Of The Mediterranean Diet In Spain, Jacob J. Mcgee

Honors Theses

Spain is known for its sandy beaches, vibrant nightlife, and incredible foods. The Mediterranean diet of Spain is praised for its health benefits, but recently it appears that the population has begun to turn away from their original diet. Studies have shown that the Spanish have been experiencing a constant culture change due to globalization since the 1950s when the General Francisco Franco allowed the technocrats to have some control over the government. With a new economic policy, new people and their new ideas flooded the country bring with them their cultures. These cultures influenced the Spanish life changing many …

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Performance And Stability For Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Membranes For The Dehumidification Of Methane, Dora Frances Sullivan-González Jan 2014

Performance And Stability For Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Membranes For The Dehumidification Of Methane, Dora Frances Sullivan-González

Honors Theses

The biogas production from organic waste—animal, sewage, landfill material— could be a valuable renewable fuel. Before this biogas—predominately bio-methane— can be converted to fuel, it must be dehumidified. Typically membrane-based gas dehumidification uses hydrophilic polymer membrane materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and cellulose acetate (CA). The main problems with polymer dehumidification membranes are methane loss and the susceptibility of polymer materials to plasticization by H2O. Room temperature ionic liquid membranes (RTIL- membranes), according to recent literature, are not plasticized by water and have large water/CH4 selectivities. We built on the initial literature RTIL-dehumidification data by looking at a series of …

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Dna-Based Species Identification And Population Genetics Of The Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes Flavipes, In The Southern Appalachian Mountains, Benjamin Collins Jan 2014

Dna-Based Species Identification And Population Genetics Of The Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes Flavipes, In The Southern Appalachian Mountains, Benjamin Collins

Honors Theses

This study investigates the distribution patterns of Reticulitermes flavipes, an important recycler of nutrients and well-known destroyer of man-made structures, in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. As a precursor to this work, it was first necessary to distinguish the target species from other co-occurring termite species. To combat this problem, a modified Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay that uses a 384-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene was designed. To test the accuracy of this tool, predictions made from using this method were compared to predictions made by genetic sequencing. This modified PCR-RFLP …

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Physicians, Patients, And Poets, Mary Ball Markow Jan 2014

Physicians, Patients, And Poets, Mary Ball Markow

Honors Theses

I examined the works of William Carlos Williams, Peter Pereira, Rafael Campo, Tory Dent, Lucia Perillo, and John Rybicki to gain a better understanding of the field of medicine. I selected these authors based upon their varied experiences with illness, disease, and loss. Their prose and poetry illuminate the nature of medicine and provide insight into human nature as well. The thesis has been edited for the SMBHC Thesis Repository to protect the copyright interests of some authors and publishers. The table of contents has been edited to reflect the changes.

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Environmental And Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Salamanders In Riparian Forests: A Review, Hannah Clipp, James Anderson Jan 2014

Environmental And Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Salamanders In Riparian Forests: A Review, Hannah Clipp, James Anderson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Density-Dependent Regulation Of Brook Trout Population Dynamics Along A Core-Periphery Distribution Gradient In A Central Appalachian Watershed, Brock M. Huntsman, J Todd Petty Jan 2014

Density-Dependent Regulation Of Brook Trout Population Dynamics Along A Core-Periphery Distribution Gradient In A Central Appalachian Watershed, Brock M. Huntsman, J Todd Petty

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Spatial population models predict strong density-dependence and relatively stable population dynamics near the core of a species' distribution with increasing variance and importance of density-independent processes operating towards the population periphery. Using a 10-year data set and an information-theoretic approach, we tested a series of candidate models considering density-dependent and density-independent controls on brook trout population dynamics across a core-periphery distribution gradient within a central Appalachian watershed. We sampled seven sub-populations with study sites ranging in drainage area from 1.3–60 km2and long-term average densities ranging from 0.335–0.006 trout/m. Modeled response variables included per capita population growth rate of young-of-the-year, adult, …

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Measuring Legume Content In Pastures Using Digital Photographs, Edward Barrow Rayburn Jan 2014

Measuring Legume Content In Pastures Using Digital Photographs, Edward Barrow Rayburn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Visual Reference Guide For Estimating Legume Content In Pastures, Edward Barrow Rayburn, James T. Green Jan 2014

Visual Reference Guide For Estimating Legume Content In Pastures, Edward Barrow Rayburn, James T. Green

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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The Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Rolipram Attenuates Heroin-Seeking Behavior Induced By Cues Or Heroin Priming In Rats, Miaojun Lai, Huaqiang Zhu, Anna Sun, Dingding Zhuang, Dan Fu, Weisheng Chen, Han-Ting Zhang, Wenhua Zhou Jan 2014

The Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Rolipram Attenuates Heroin-Seeking Behavior Induced By Cues Or Heroin Priming In Rats, Miaojun Lai, Huaqiang Zhu, Anna Sun, Dingding Zhuang, Dan Fu, Weisheng Chen, Han-Ting Zhang, Wenhua Zhou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increases intracellular cAMP/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling. Activation of this signaling is considered as an important compensatory response that decreases motivational properties of drugs of abuse. However, it is not known whether PDE4 is involved in heroin seeking. Self-administration of heroin (50

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Examining Sexual Satisfaction And Pretending Orgasm, Chelsea Twiss Jan 2014

Examining Sexual Satisfaction And Pretending Orgasm, Chelsea Twiss

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

An article in popular women’s magazine, Cosmopolitan, recently revealed a startling admission from its readers: 86% of respondents reported pretending orgasm during intercourse with a partner (Kylstra, 2011). Despite its apparent frequency, there is yet to be a study conducted investigating the relationship between pretending orgasm and overall sexual satisfaction (Ippolito, 2012). Sexual satisfaction is linked with important facets of life such as overall relationship satisfaction and general wellbeing. The present study examines the relationship between experiencing orgasm, pretending orgasm and overall sexual satisfaction. Participants were Eastern Washington University college students recruited via an online survey website (Qualtrics), and who …

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The Watermark: A Journal Of The Arts - Vol. 22 - 2014, University Of Massachusetts Boston Jan 2014

The Watermark: A Journal Of The Arts - Vol. 22 - 2014, University Of Massachusetts Boston

The Watermark: A Journal of the Arts (1993-2014)

No abstract provided.

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Cardiovascular Protective Agents And Their Biochemical Role In Endothelial Cell Senescence, Nicholas Boullard Jan 2014

Cardiovascular Protective Agents And Their Biochemical Role In Endothelial Cell Senescence, Nicholas Boullard

Honors Theses

Cellular senescence is a slow, biological process of aging that involves the accumulation of various changes to the internal environment of a cell, most notably the buildup of acidic B-galactosidase. These changes, both structural and molecular in nature, disable metabolism of many cellular processes and eventually induce apoptosis. As cells divide, the ends of chromosomes, telomeres, slowly shorten. Once telomere shortening reaches critical levels, those chromosomes may no longer replicate properly, leading to cellular process complication and apoptosis. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that adds nucleotides to telomeres, elongating them and successfully delaying endothelial cell senescence. Endothelial cells serve an …

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Evaluation Of Microbial Diversity Present In Herbal Supplements As Revealed By Pcr-Based 16s Sequence Analysis, Stephen Stone Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Microbial Diversity Present In Herbal Supplements As Revealed By Pcr-Based 16s Sequence Analysis, Stephen Stone

Honors Theses

Over the last few decades people have become more aware of their general wellness and have turned towards alternative measures to ensure good health. One of these alternative measures, the herbal supplement market, has risen significantly in recent years, even though there is no conclusive research that points to the effectiveness of herbal supplements. Also, because of sparse regulation from the FDA, there are many questions related to the efficacy, composition, processing methods, and, consequently, safety of these supplements. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial composition of herbal supplements in an attempt to identify potential targets …

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Attempts To Determine The Community Structure Of Archaea In Major Tributaries Of The Mississippi River, Thomas Douglas Bateman Jan 2014

Attempts To Determine The Community Structure Of Archaea In Major Tributaries Of The Mississippi River, Thomas Douglas Bateman

Honors Theses

Archaea were once thought to be limited to extreme environments, but it has now been established that they are found in diverse ecosystems worldwide. Archaea may possess distinctive properties that affect biogeochemical processes, which makes understanding their distribution crucial in determining their effect on these processes. Little research has been done on the ecology of Archaea in rivers, and this study represents the first attempt to gain an understanding of the diversity of Archaea within major tributaries of the Mississippi River. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of archaeal DNA and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to examine community …

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Validation Of A Recurrent Nitroglycerin Migraine Model In The Rat, Ainslee Johnson Jan 2014

Validation Of A Recurrent Nitroglycerin Migraine Model In The Rat, Ainslee Johnson

Honors Theses

The present research sought to determine if repeated nitroglycerin (NTG) administrations elicited responses on clinically relevant behavioral endpoints of migraine in rats. Rats were given five saline, three NTG or five NTG administrations over a two-week period. After their fifth injection rats were evaluated using the rat grimace scale, modified light/dark box, thermal tail flick tests, elevated plus maze and forced swim test. Repeated NTG administration affected weight gain, movement in the modified light/dark box and photophobia. The thermal tail flick tests, elevated plus maze and forced swim test did not reveal treatment effects. Based on these findings, we conclude …

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Simulated Diabetes Testing Experiment Using Artificially Manipulated Livestock Blood, Hollie E. Ables Jan 2014

Simulated Diabetes Testing Experiment Using Artificially Manipulated Livestock Blood, Hollie E. Ables

Honors Theses

Due to the prevalence of diabetes and lack of simple endocrine experiments, a laboratory protocol was developed in order to increase student knowledge of the disease and the diabetic testing process. In this paper, we present the protocol for manipulating the glucose concentration of commercially available bovine blood. The bovine blood was manipulated using Ringer's solution to which glucose was added, and six samples were prepared (pre-prandial and postprandial, normal; pre-prandial and postprandial, pre-diabetic; pre-prandial and postprandial, diabetic). This laboratory exercise provides a physical, hands-on student activity that highlights pancreatic endocrinology and the results of pancreatic malfunction. The laboratory exercise …

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The Changing Climate And Adaptation Strategies For The Mississippi Delta, John Jenks Jan 2014

The Changing Climate And Adaptation Strategies For The Mississippi Delta, John Jenks

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Prepulse Inhibition Of The Acoustic Startle Reflex: Comparing Low And High Trait Anxious Individuals, Krista Sturm Jan 2014

Prepulse Inhibition Of The Acoustic Startle Reflex: Comparing Low And High Trait Anxious Individuals, Krista Sturm

Honors Theses

This investigation examined whether prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex was impaired among individuals with high trait anxiety compared to controls. PPI has traditionally been theorized to be a psychophysiological index of information processing and sensorimotor gating, and is now being used to help identify various psychological disorders. Although results of existing research on reduced PPI across the anxiety spectrum are equivocal, previous findings indicate that highly anxious (HA) participants exhibit significantly reduced PPI at lead intervals of 60 ms relative to low anxious (LA) controls. This study paired a 70 dB (A) white noise prepulse stimulus with a …

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Bacteria Con Leche: Bacterial Populations And Antibiotic Resistance Within Conventional, Usda Organic, And Local Milk, Kristen M. Wilson Jan 2014

Bacteria Con Leche: Bacterial Populations And Antibiotic Resistance Within Conventional, Usda Organic, And Local Milk, Kristen M. Wilson

Honors Theses

Concerns over food production and processing, along with increasing outbreaks of foodborne illnesses and antibiotic resistant infections have led many consumers to seek alternative food sources in the organic and local food markets. This study compared conventional, USDA certified organic, and local farmer's market milk types to determine whether there is any noticeable benefit to purchasing organic or locally harvested milk in terms of their bacterial populations and level of antibiotic resistance. Samples from various milk types were plated on Tryptic Soy Agar and Milk Agar plates to enumerate bacteria, and the cultivated bacteria tested for resistance to the antibiotics …

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Nostalgia And The Myth Of Old Russia: Russian Emigres In Interwar Paris And Their Legacy In Contemporary Russia, Brad Gordon Jan 2014

Nostalgia And The Myth Of Old Russia: Russian Emigres In Interwar Paris And Their Legacy In Contemporary Russia, Brad Gordon

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis Of An Unsymmetrical Ccc-Nhc Pincer Ligand Precursor, Brian Spurlock Jan 2014

Synthesis Of An Unsymmetrical Ccc-Nhc Pincer Ligand Precursor, Brian Spurlock

Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to synthesize a 3-butyl-1-(3-(3-butyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)phenyl)-4,5-dichloro-1H-imidazol-3-ium salt using an Ullmann-type copper coupling reaction. This salt would subsequently be metallated and evaluated for C-H bond activation and luminescence. However, NMR and MS spectra did not show evidence of conversion to the desired product under standard conditions so a model reaction was designed making use of recent findings concerning the Ullmann-type coupling of imidazoles to aryl halides. Specifically, an activated aryl halide with a larger leaving group was used with a more soluble base and a ligand for the copper. The desired product appears by ESI-MS to have …

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Understanding The Karoo: Investigating The Function Of A Copulation Call In Female Wild Turkeys Meleagris Gallopavo, Callie Grey Jan 2014

Understanding The Karoo: Investigating The Function Of A Copulation Call In Female Wild Turkeys Meleagris Gallopavo, Callie Grey

Honors Theses

Even with the vast amount of research regarding mating vocalizations and their adaptive functions, the copulation call of female wild turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, has yet to be described. The purpose of this study was to describe this novel call, referred to as karoo and to test three hypotheses for its function. Previously collected data in the form of video tapes and data sheets provided the basis of this study. Dr. Richard Buchholz conducted experimental trials in 2008 and 2009. Male behavioral data was recorded on the videos. The videos and the data sheets were used to collect female behavioral data. …

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Suffering And Coping In The Novels Of Anne Tyler, Camden Story Hastings Jan 2014

Suffering And Coping In The Novels Of Anne Tyler, Camden Story Hastings

Honors Theses

Through an exploration of the causes of the characters' suffering and their mechanisms for coping, this thesis shows that by developing the perseverance necessary to navigate ordinary, everyday obstacles, Tyler's characters cope with extraordinary circumstances causing them pain. They also realize that victories in the little things lead to discoveries about themselves and the sources of their distress. The six novels discussed here include The Accidental Tourist, Saint Maybe, The Beginner's Goodbye, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, Ladder of Years, and Breathing Lessons. Nine major characters from these six novels are explored and, while various causes lead to their individual …

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