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Mangrove Species Identification On Uzi Island, Zanzibar Archipelago, Mariah Kuitse

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study assesses the population of mangrove species at three locations on Uzi Island off the coast of Unguja at their most highly populated regions: Nyeke, Dikokuu, and Chokaani. Collection of tree samples occurred for identification of mangrove species. Observations and fieldwork were used to obtain information regarding the species that populate the island and the makeup of those communities. Nine total species were found to live within the boundaries of Uzi Island. These species were identified as Xylocarpus moluccensis, Pemphis acidula, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia …

Neo-Pentecostalism In Black Africa, Brian Siegel

Anthropology Presentations

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Geometric Design Needs Of Freeway Systems Based On Safety And Geometric Data, Eneliko Mujuni Mulokozi

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Freeways are arterial highways characterized by high levels of safety and high speed vehicular traffic. Access to and from the freeways is provided through ramps. Geometric elements making up freeway facilities include the roadway, median shoulders, grades, and ramps to and from the traveled way at selected locations, shoulders, radius of curvature, lane width, and speed-change lanes. With the increase of traffic using the freeway systems, there arises more traffic weaving movements within the elements making up the freeway systems. This causes traffic flow to compete at the limited spaces available and reduces safety performance of freeway system.

In studies …

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Colby Magazine

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On Science, Mussels, and Milk: Carrie Johns '75

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World Vision: Graham Macmillan '97

Helpful to the Corps: Chris Andrews '07

Obituaries

Internet Access And Usage By Undergraduate Students: A Case Study Of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, Sowemimo Ronke Adekunmisi, Emmanuel Babatunde Ajala, Abiodun Olaide Iyoro

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study was carried out in order to determine Internet access and usage by the undergraduate students of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria. A review of literature was done on information and communication technologies (ICTs) and its importance in education. A description of Internet and its actual use by lecturers as well as students were also reviewed. Data was obtained from 200 undergraduate students of the institution with the use of a questionnaire. Information collected showed that majority of the cyber cafe around the university environment were privately owned and despite this, students accessed the Internet from their pocket money. It …

Sickle Cell Disease In Pregnancy: Trend And Pregnancy Outcomes At A Tertiary Hospital In Tanzania, Projestine S. Muganyizi, Hussein Kidanto

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

SCD in pregnancy is associated with increased adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. In Tanzania where the frequency of sickle cell trait is 13% there has been scanty data on SCD in pregnancy. With progressive improvement in childhood survival the burden of SCD in pregnancy will increase. We analyzed all deliveries at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) from 1999 to 2011. Fetal and maternal outcomes of SCD deliveries were compared with non-SCD. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 19. Chi square and Fisher Exact tests were used to compare proportions and the independent t-test for continuous data. To predict risks …

Web Search Behaviour Of Postgraduate Students At Sokoine University Of Agriculture, Tanzania, Alfred Said Sife

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

A study was conducted on the Web search behaviour of postgraduates at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Specifically, the study sought to understand the search characteristics of postgraduates, reasons for using the Web, usage of various web features, web search skills and problems faced while using the Web. The study population comprised of all postgraduates pursuing masters and doctoral programmes at SUA. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire that were distributed randomly and they were analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate that most postgraduates were experienced Web users and they accessed the Internet mostly through their own modems. Most students relied …

North-South International Education Partnerships: Two Canadian Projects With Tanzania., Aniko Varpalotai, Chantal Phillips, Marian Roks

Comparative and International Education / Éducation Comparée et Internationale

Abstract

The following is a review of two Canadian-Tanzanian international partnerships working in Tanzania within the education sector. Project TEMBO (Tanzania Education and Micro-Business Opportunity) supports the development of formal and non-formal education for girls and women in collaboration with other local and international non-governmental organizations. The Huron University College/University of Dar es Salaam project is strengthening post-secondary educational opportunities in collaboration with civil society organizations and local government. Both projects are focused on literacy in the broadest sense to achieve critical skills in civic engagement, poverty reduction, problem solving, decision-making and reducing gender imbalances, and as such are in …

No. 19: The State Of Food Insecurity In Lusaka, Zambia, Chileshe Mulenga

African Food Security Urban Network

The Lusaka urban food security survey done by AFSUN as part of its baseline survey of 11 Southern African cities found that up to 93% of the households in the informal settlements, which house three-quarters of the Zambian capital’s population, were food insecure. A paltry 8% were food secure. Worse still, most of the households in the informal urban settlements of Lusaka did not only have poor access to food, they also consumed foods from a very narrow range of food groups. Their diets were dominated by cereals and therefore likely to be deficient in essential vitamins, minerals and proteins. …

Africom's Impact On International And Human Security: A Case Study Of Tanzania, Mikenna Maroney

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The expansion of U.S. military engagement in Africa is based on American national security interests. The objective of this research was to add to existing evaluations of the U.S. Combatant Command for Africa (AFRICOM) by taking an in-depth look at its impact through a case study of Tanzania and sought to answer three questions: What is the impact of AFRICOM on executing U.S. national security policy in Tanzania? To what extent has AFRICOM addressed the conditions of human insecurity in Tanzania? What is the public perception about AFRICOM among the Tanzanian public? To answer these questions this assessment utilized secondary …

People Who Inject Drugs, Hiv Risk, And Hiv Testing Uptake In Sub-Saharan Africa, A K. Asher, J A. Hahn, Marie-Claude Couture, K Maher, Page

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

Dramatic rises in injection drug use (IDU) in sub-Saharan Africa account for increasingly more infections in a region already overwhelmed by the HIV epidemic. There is no known estimate of the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) in the region, or the associated HIV prevalence in PWID. We reviewed literature with the goal of describing high-risk practices and exposures in PWID in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as current HIV prevention activities aimed at drug use. The literature search looked for articles related to HIV risk, injection drug users, stigma, and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa. This review found evidence …

Risk Of Childhood Asthma In A Tropical African Urban Setting: A Case - Control Study At The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, Lynda C. Koech

Master of Medicine in Family Medicine

Objective: To determine the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for childhood asthma in children aged between two and 15years in a tropical urban East-African setting. Methods: Hospital based case-control study matched for age + two months and sex. Data were obtained from parents of cases and controls using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 226 cases of two to 15years old, with physician-confirmed asthma, who met a set of defined clinical criteria and 226 controls with no previous diagnosis or symptoms of asthma matched by sex and age (+two months). The Risk Factors included in this study …

Perception Of Final Year Undergraduate Medical Students Towards Family Medicine In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Eric Luggar Aghan

Master of Medicine in Family Medicine

Primary health care was identified as the ideal model of health care delivery during the Alma Atta conference in USSR in 1978. The World Health Organization urged member countries to adopt it as a model of health care service delivery to their people. Since then many countries have adopted a primary health care model including Tanzania. In countries such as Cuba and Costa Rica where primary health care has successfully been implemented, access to affordable and quality health care service to all has resulted in lowered morbidity, mortality, improved quality and longevity of life. The success story behind primary health …

Mentoring For Educational Change An East African Case Study, Tashmin Khamis, Marilyn Chapman

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

In 2012, a partnership was begun between Aga Khan University (AKU) and Academics Without Borders Canada (AWBC). In the initial project, three mentors from AWBC worked with nursing faculty on three East African campuses of AKU with a focus on developing more interactive teaching skills and scholarship. Following this four-month project, two of the mentors continued to work with nursing faculty to develop capacity. The relationship between AKU and AWBC has been formally extended with the initiation of several new projects, all centred on strengthening the student learning experience.

A Viewpoint Of Tanzania E-Commerce And Implementation Barriers, George S. Oreku, Fredrick Mtenzi, Ali Al Dahoud

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

The growing rate of ICT utilization particularly the Internet and mobile phones has influenced at an exponential rate online interaction and communication among the generality of the populace. However, with the enormity of businesses on the Internet, Tanzania is yet to harness the opportunities for optimal financial gains. This study is exploratory in nature as it attempts to unveil the prospects of e-commerce implementation, participation, motivation and opportunity to the developing countries like Tanzania where by the domestic market is very big to ensure the growth of agricultural sector. The paper proposes to investigate the ability of consumers to purchase …

Slaves Of One Master: Globalization And The African Diaspora In Arabia In The Age Of Empire, Matthew S. Hopper

History

No abstract provided.

Plugging The Democracy Drain In The Struggle For Universal Access To Safe Drinking Water, Tara Paul

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Privatization of water delivery services has become a global trend as states seek ways to shift both political and economic costs to private actors. The advantage of privatization is that it relieves governments of the daunting expense of repairing and expanding water infrastructure in order to improve quality and reach marginalized communities. But water privatization has also been deeply criticized for corrupt practices, increasing prices to the poor, undermining human rights objectives, and dodging accountability. This note aims to find middle ground, acknowledging that privatization is an important tool to increase freshwater access, but that treating water as a human …

Sinularia Leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) Re-Examined, Catherine S. Mcfadden, Leen P. Van Ofwegen, Yehuda Benayahu

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) is re-described. Sinularia leptoclados var. gonatodes Kolonko, 1926 is synonymized with S. maxima Verseveldt, 1977. Two new species of Sinularia with digitiform lobules, leptoclados-type surface clubs and unbranched interior spindles, are described. An updated maximum likelihood tree of Sinularia species with leptoclados-type clubs (clade 5C) based on two mitochondrial genes (mtMutS, COI) and a nuclear gene (28S rDNA) is presented.

Responses To Pyrethroids In Heavy Metal Tolerant Anopheles Gambiae Vector Of Malaria, Fauzia Khagai Musasia

All Master’s Theses

Anopheles gambiae mosquito, the principle Afro-tropical vector of malaria, has been documented in habitats with heavy metals in excess of natural loads. The mosquito has also displayed resistance to most conventional insecticides, and potential to resist challenges by heavy metals. Investigations were conducted in strains of An. gambiae ss, in which tolerance to cadmium and lead heavy metals were established. This study was undertaken to determine any putative relationship between tolerance to (cadmium and lead) heavy metals, and resistance to pyrethroid insecticide in An. gambiae. Tolerance to cadmium and lead heavy metals was developed in larval stages and this development …

Usefulness Of Plasmodium Falciparum-Specific Rapid Diagnostic Tests For Assessment Of Parasite Clearance And Detection Of Recurrent Infections After Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy, B. Aydin-Schmidt, M. Mubi, U. Morris, M. Petzold, B.E. Ngasala, Zul Premji, A. Bjorkman, A. Martensson

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is an important tool for parasite-based malaria diagnosis. High specificity of RDTs to distinguish an active Plasmodium falciparum infection from residual antigens from a previous infection is crucial in endemic areas where residents are repeatedly exposed to malaria. The efficiency of two RDTs based on histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) antigens were studied and compared with two microscopy techniques (Giemsa and acridine orange-stained blood smears) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for assessment of initial clearance and detection of recurrent P. falciparum infections after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in a moderately high …

Women's Access To Secondary Education In Colonial And Postcolonial Tanzania And Rwanda, Emlyn Ashley Ricketts

Master's Theses

This paper will examine how the politics of colonialism and independence during the twentieth century, as well as the culture of each country, have created and limited secondary educational opportunities for women in Tanzania and in Rwanda. I will argue that the English and Belgian colonizers' goals of the education systems in colonial Tanganyika and Ruanda-Urundi-how much education they thought was appropriate for women to have and their overarching goals in creating the education systems in the colonies-shaped the place of women within Tanzania and Rwanda today. I will argue that English and Belgian colonizers imposed a western, Christian, patriarchal …

A Nation In Name, A 'State' In Exile : The Frelimo Proto-State, Youth, Gender, And The Liberation Of Mozambique 1962-1975, Michael Gerald Panzer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation analyzes the early political development of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) during the 1960s. The thesis offers several new theoretical perspectives on the evolution of FRELIMO as a liberation front. While operating from military bases, settlement camps, and urban settings in Tanzania, FRELIMO functioned as a proto-state with authority derived from a contingent sovereignty. At the beginning of the anti-colonial war against Portugal in September 1964, FRELIMO was able to help organize and oversee the lives of thousands of Mozambican refugees who fled into Tanzania to escape the escalating violence. Many of these refugees became FRELIMO's revolutionary constituents …

The Contracting World Of Girls At Puberty: Violence And Gender-Divergent Access To The Public Sphere Among Adolescents In South Africa, Kelly Hallman, Nora Kenworthy, Judith A. Diers, Nick Swan, Bashi Devnarain

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper describes a participatory mapping project undertaken with single-sex groups of grade 5 and grade 8–9 children in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. At grade 5, female self-defined community areas were equal to or larger in size than those of males in both sites. However, wide gender divergence in access to the public sphere was found among grade 8–9 children. Although curtailed spatial access, especially in urban areas, is intended to protect post-pubescent girls, grade 8–9 girls reported most spaces in their small navigable areas unsafe. Reducing girls’ access to the public sphere does not …

China’S Human Rights Footprint In Africa, Timothy Webster

Faculty Publications

A significant amount of recent scholarship and commentary accuses China of plundering the African continent, coddling its dictators, and flouting labor and environmental standards. This paper makes the counterintuitive claim that, despite irrefutable cases of abuse, China’s engagement with Africa has actually improved the human rights conditions of millions of Africans. First, it places China’s abuses in context, showing that they differ little from the abuses and patronage politics of the major Western powers. Second, it examines the evolution of international relations between China and various African countries, from the exportation of political revolution in the 1950s and 1960s, to …

Small Christian Communities As A New Way Of Becoming Church: Practice, Progress And Prospects, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Educational Exigencies Of The 21st Century: Implications For Teacher Education Programmes In East Africa, Peter Kajoro, Hellen Chirure, Irene Simiyu

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Questions about what constitutes effective teacher education compatible with today’s changing educational demands have been frequently raised. This article is an overview of ideas about the elements of effective teacher education in view of the 21st century demands. Drawing on literature and the authors' knowledge of teacher education in the East African context, the article argues the case for the different elements of effective teacher education program that would help the region, and perhaps, by extension, other developing countries, meet their educational obligations in the 21st century. The paper also highlights the theoretical underpinnings of these elements and their implications …

Validation Of The Ottawa Ankle Rules At A Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study, Mark Karanja Tharao

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Introduction: Ankle joint and foot injuries are among the commonest injuries seen at the Accident and Emergency Department of any hospital. Within the United States it is the second most common musculoskeletal injury seen by physicians. Assessment of these injuries is done clinically and when deemed necessary a radiograph is requested. Studies have shown that radiographs are ordered in over 95% of cases yet the prevalence of fractures is in the range of 15-20%. This means that more than 80% of patients are exposed to unnecessary radiation. The Ottawa ankle rules have been designed to reduce the need for performing …

Prolonged Sexual Abstinence After Childbirth: Gendered Norms And Perceived Family Health Risks. Focus Group Discussions In A Tanzanian Suburb, Columba Mbekenga, Andrea B. Pembe, Elisabeth Darj, Kyllike Christensson, Pia Olsson

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Prolonged sexual abstinence after childbirth is a socio-cultural practice with health implications, and is described in several African countries, including Tanzania. This study explored discourses on prolonged postpartum sexual abstinence in relation to family health after childbirth in low-income suburbs of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: Data for the discourse analysis were collected through focus group discussions with first-time mothers and fathers and their support people in Ilala, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Results: In this setting, prolonged sexual abstinence intended at promoting child health was the dominant discourse in the period after childbirth. Sexual relations after childbirth involved the …

Feasibility Of Routine Screening For Intimate Partner Violence In Public Health Care Settings In Kenya, Chi-Chi Undie, Catherine Maternowska, Margaret Mak'anyengo, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

This Population Council study tested the feasibility of implementing intimate-partner violence (IPV) screening protocols in healthcare settings in Kenya where sexual and gender-based violence service referrals could be executed. Providers drawn from these sites were trained to routinely screen for IPV and to refer IPV-positive clients identified through this process for further care. This study demonstrates that providers, given the training, are willing and able to incorporate IPV screening into their practice—one that they perform in a severely resource-constrained context. Likewise, the findings indicate that incorporating IPV screening questions into client intake forms in a variety of public healthcare settings …

Mitigating The Consequences Of Sexual Violence In Zambia By Decentralizing Emergency Medical Responses To Police Victim Support Units: Report On The Feasibility Of Police Provision Of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv (Pep) In Zambia, Mary Zama, Mardieh Dennis, Jessica Price, Stephanie M. Topp, Jonathan Kaunda Mwansa, Jill Keesbury

Reproductive Health

The Zambian Ministry of Home Affairs (housing the Zambia Police Service); the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health; and the Population Council collaborated on operations research studies to increase provision of emergency medical care to survivors of sexual violence via the Zambia Police Services (ZP). Recognizing the need to strengthen linkages between the police and the health sector and following up on the lessons learned from earlier models of police delivery of emergency contraception, this feasibility study was designed to: determine if victim support unit (VSU) officers could be trained to safely and effectively …