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2013

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A Culture-Independent Study Of Dominant Sulfur-Utilizing Chemoautotrophs Within The Cariaco Basin's Redoxcline, Agnieszka Podlaska Dec 2013

A Culture-Independent Study Of Dominant Sulfur-Utilizing Chemoautotrophs Within The Cariaco Basin's Redoxcline, Agnieszka Podlaska

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

As in many other stratified bodies of water, microbial chemoautotrophic productivity in the anoxic Cariaco Basin is a major source of fixed carbon across the oxic-anoxic boundary yet the identity of the chemoautotrophic microbes and what fuels their metabolism are poorly understood. In this work, multiple techniques were used to investigate the distribution, abundance, and activity of major proteobacterial and archaeal clades during nine cruises from 2006 to 2010 in order to identify the dominant chemoautotrophs. Among seven clades examined in this study by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), epsilonproteobacteria and betaproteobacteria were the prevalent clades and on average accounted …

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Prey Plasticity Responses To A Native And Nonnative Predator, Alexandra Hooks Dec 2013

Prey Plasticity Responses To A Native And Nonnative Predator, Alexandra Hooks

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental stimuli is exceedingly common across systems and taxa. For instance, predation risk in many gastropods can induce a variety of defenses including growing thicker shells, growing shells of different shapes, and developing apertural teeth. However, the role of coevolution between species that produce these defense responses and their consumers is not well known. This thesis examines the responses of an ovoviviparous gastropod (Littorina saxatilis) with low dispersal from three different habitats (marsh habitat, rocky habitat, and cobble stone habitat) to the presence of chemical cues from a native (Dyspanopeus sayi) and nonnative (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) …

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Using Quantitative Genetics Methods To Estimate Heritability Of Larval Co2-Resistance In A Coastal Marine Fish, Alex James Malvezzi Dec 2013

Using Quantitative Genetics Methods To Estimate Heritability Of Larval Co2-Resistance In A Coastal Marine Fish, Alex James Malvezzi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Marine organisms are under pressure to adapt to anthropogenic changes that are rapidly altering ocean water chemistry. Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have caused an increase in atmospheric CO2 which is partly absorbed by the world's oceans, thereby reducing ocean pH, aragonite and calcite saturation states in a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Concern over these changes has caused a surge in scientific interest to better understand and predict how OA affects marine organisms from single celled algae to marine calcifying invertebrates and vertebrates such as fish. Since most studies thus far have focused on short-term responses of …

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Population Dynamics Of The Ctenophore Mnemiopsis Leidyi And Implications For Bottom-Up And Top-Down Controls Of The Plankton Community, Marianne E. Mcnamara Dec 2013

Population Dynamics Of The Ctenophore Mnemiopsis Leidyi And Implications For Bottom-Up And Top-Down Controls Of The Plankton Community, Marianne E. Mcnamara

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation investigated the ecology of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Great South Bay, New York via field and laboratory studies. The research focused on the role of M. leidyi in controlling plankton community structure and the influence of the plankton community in regulating seasonal population blooms of M. leidyi. First, this study documented top-down control of microplankton by larval M. leidyi in Great South Bay. A relationship between high adult M. leidyi/low mesozooplankton with high microplankton abundance was also identified, and preceded an increase in larval ctenophores, suggesting that intense feeding on mesozooplankton by adult M. leidyi enhances prey …

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The Population Ecology Of The Spiny Dogfish In The Northeast (Us) Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem: Implications For The Status Of The Stock, Skyler Rose Sagarese Dec 2013

The Population Ecology Of The Spiny Dogfish In The Northeast (Us) Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem: Implications For The Status Of The Stock, Skyler Rose Sagarese

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In this dissertation, statistical and modeling approaches were undertaken to increase the knowledge of spiny dogfish distribution, habitat, and population dynamics including: (1), environmental preference (2), habitat modeling (3), assessing diel variation in survey catchability of spiny dogfish and key prey species and (4), elucidating how spiny dogfish distributional shifts influenced their availability to commercial fisheries. For objective (1), I estimated habitat preference for neonate (total length, TL <= 26 cm), immature (male: 26 cm < TL < 60 cm; female: 26 cm < TL < 80 cm), and mature (male: TL >= 60 cm; female: TL >= 80 cm) spiny dogfish using Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) annual bottom trawl survey data from 1963 through 2009. Preferences were compared between dogfish stages to …

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The Role Of The Ctenophore Mnemiopsis Leidyi In Nutrient Cycling In Long Island Sound, Ny, Laura Mae Treible Dec 2013

The Role Of The Ctenophore Mnemiopsis Leidyi In Nutrient Cycling In Long Island Sound, Ny, Laura Mae Treible

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Gelatinous zooplankton blooms have been increasing in magnitude and frequency globally. Seasonal variations in food availability and temperature can trigger a population bloom and subsequent crash in coastal and estuarine waters. Long Island Sound (LIS) is a highly-productive urban estuary. Due to its proximity to New York City and annual summer hypoxia, there has been substantial focus on anthropogenic nutrient inputs and reductions to LIS. When determining nutrient budgets, an important process is the recycling of nutrients within a system. Gelatinous zooplankton, including the most common species in LIS, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, are capable of high rates of nutrient …

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Doctor Of Philosophy, Ha Youn Shin Dec 2013

Doctor Of Philosophy, Ha Youn Shin

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) is a transcription factor that is critical for various biological processes including hematopoiesis, liver metabolism and mammary gland development. However, persistent activation of STAT5 has been causally linked to human leukemia and solid tumor formation. Since STAT5 is important for normal physiological functions and aberrant activity can promote cancer, accurate regulation of STAT5 is essential. As a transcription factor, STAT5 must gain entry into the nucleus to act, and one means of controlling its activity is to regulate its cellular localization. This study explores the nuclear trafficking mechanisms of STAT5a that may …

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The Dynamical Basis Of The Decanalization Of Gene Expression In Kr Uppel Mutant Embryos, Lena Panok Dec 2013

The Dynamical Basis Of The Decanalization Of Gene Expression In Kr Uppel Mutant Embryos, Lena Panok

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Canalization is the ability of an organism's phenotype to remain stable under a perturbation in their genotype or the environment. It has been noted that there is no canalization or canalization is to a much smaller degree in mutants than in wild type. Waddington's idea was to understand canalization through studying gene interactions. We investigate the mechanisms of canalization of gap gene patterns in D.melanogaster through dynamical analysis of the gene circuit. To carry out this investigation we construct a dynamical model of the evolution of the concentration of protein products of the gap genes in time. Our model, which …

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Vitamin B12 Distribution Patterns In Marine Sediments Revealed By A New Elisa Method, Meichen Liu Dec 2013

Vitamin B12 Distribution Patterns In Marine Sediments Revealed By A New Elisa Method, Meichen Liu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Vitamin B12 is an organic micronutrient in the ocean, and it is required for the growth of majority of phytoplankton. Because of the ultra-low concentrations of vitamin B12 in the ocean and the lack of suitable analytical methods, the distribution, transport and biogeochemical cycling of vitamin B12 in marine ecosystem have not been essentially documented. In this thesis, vitamin B12 distribution and reaction patterns in water column and marine sediments were preliminary studied by using newly developed immunoassay methods. Two new sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods have been developed and compared in Chapter …

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Using Quantitative Genetics Methods To Estimate Heritability Of Larval Co2-Resistance In A Coastal Marine Fish, Alex James Malvezzi Dec 2013

Using Quantitative Genetics Methods To Estimate Heritability Of Larval Co2-Resistance In A Coastal Marine Fish, Alex James Malvezzi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Marine organisms are under pressure to adapt to anthropogenic changes that are rapidly altering ocean water chemistry. Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have caused an increase in atmospheric CO2 which is partly absorbed by the world's oceans, thereby reducing ocean pH, aragonite and calcite saturation states in a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Concern over these changes has caused a surge in scientific interest to better understand and predict how OA affects marine organisms from single celled algae to marine calcifying invertebrates and vertebrates such as fish. Since most studies thus far have focused on short-term responses of …

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A Culture-Independent Study Of Dominant Sulfur-Utilizing Chemoautotrophs Within The Cariaco Basin's Redoxcline, Agnieszka Podlaska Dec 2013

A Culture-Independent Study Of Dominant Sulfur-Utilizing Chemoautotrophs Within The Cariaco Basin's Redoxcline, Agnieszka Podlaska

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

As in many other stratified bodies of water, microbial chemoautotrophic productivity in the anoxic Cariaco Basin is a major source of fixed carbon across the oxic-anoxic boundary yet the identity of the chemoautotrophic microbes and what fuels their metabolism are poorly understood. In this work, multiple techniques were used to investigate the distribution, abundance, and activity of major proteobacterial and archaeal clades during nine cruises from 2006 to 2010 in order to identify the dominant chemoautotrophs. Among seven clades examined in this study by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), epsilonproteobacteria and betaproteobacteria were the prevalent clades and on average accounted …

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The Dynamical Basis Of The Decanalization Of Gene Expression In Kr Uppel Mutant Embryos, Lena Panok Dec 2013

The Dynamical Basis Of The Decanalization Of Gene Expression In Kr Uppel Mutant Embryos, Lena Panok

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Canalization is the ability of an organism's phenotype to remain stable under a perturbation in their genotype or the environment. It has been noted that there is no canalization or canalization is to a much smaller degree in mutants than in wild type. Waddington's idea was to understand canalization through studying gene interactions. We investigate the mechanisms of canalization of gap gene patterns in D.melanogaster through dynamical analysis of the gene circuit. To carry out this investigation we construct a dynamical model of the evolution of the concentration of protein products of the gap genes in time. Our model, which …

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High-Order Surface Reconstruction And Its Applications To Surface Integrals And Surface Remeshing, Navamita Ray Dec 2013

High-Order Surface Reconstruction And Its Applications To Surface Integrals And Surface Remeshing, Navamita Ray

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

High-order surface reconstruction is a numerical technique to obtain high-order approximations of both geometry and its differential quantities such as normals, curvatures, etc. | over a discrete surface mesh. Its computational framework is based on local polynomial fittings using a weighted least squares approach. In this dissertation, we complete the scope of this framework to compute high-order approximations of surface integrals and demonstrate the application of the complete framework to various mesh-based numerical computations for high-order numerical methods. The computational framework relies on an efficient underlying mesh data structure for various traversal queries. For this purpose, an array-based mesh data …

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Preparation And Investigation Of Multi-Alkali Photocathode, Xue Liang Dec 2013

Preparation And Investigation Of Multi-Alkali Photocathode, Xue Liang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Multialikali antimonide photocathodes exhibit high quantum efficiency in visible light range, so this kind of cathodes is attractive for use in high average current photoinjectors to generate high quality electron beams. We have grown multi-alkali photocathodes on silicon (100) substrates, simultaneously acquiring in-situ X-ray reflection (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data throughout the growth process. Correlations between cathode structure and growth parameters and the resulting quantum efficiency (QE) have been explored. | 40 pages

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Lipid Exchange Between Borrelia Burgdorferi And Host Cells, Jameson Thatcher Crowley Dec 2013

Lipid Exchange Between Borrelia Burgdorferi And Host Cells, Jameson Thatcher Crowley

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation examines the mechanism of transfer of B. burgdorferi-derived antigenic lipids to non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells and how the mechanism of transfer of foreign antigenic bacterial lipids could contribute to the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Lipid rafts are structural subdomains of the plasma membrane that are primarily found in eukaryotic cells due to the presence of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Interestingly, the presence of these membrane subdomains is also shared with the spirochetal prokaryote B. burgdorferi. The presence of free cholesterol and cholesterol-glycolipids in B. burgdorferi creates an opportunity for lipid-lipid interactions with constituents of the lipid rafts in eukaryotic cells. …

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Crystal Structure Prediction Of Compounds In The Al-O System: Alo2 And Al4o7, Yue Liu Dec 2013

Crystal Structure Prediction Of Compounds In The Al-O System: Alo2 And Al4o7, Yue Liu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

USPEX is the foremost Evolutionary Algorithm which calculates crystal structure through genetic algorithm. And it is using ab initio determination to contribute powerful searching in crystal structure prediction. This method enables crystal structure prediction at arbitrary P-T conditions, given just the chemical composition of the material. USPEX is interfaced with DFT or classic codes, such as VASP, SIESTA, GULP and so on. USPEX can also be used to search for materials with desired physical properties. There are already significant discoveries found by using USPEX. For instance, it has been found the 40-atom cell of MgSiO3 post-perovskite for this fixed …

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Material Properties Of Zooplankton And Nekton From The California Current, Kaylyn Nichole Becker Dec 2013

Material Properties Of Zooplankton And Nekton From The California Current, Kaylyn Nichole Becker

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This study measured the material properties of zooplankton, Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas), and two species of myctophids (Symbolophorus californiensis and Diaphus theta) collected from the California Current ecosystem. The density contrast (g) was measured for euphausiids, decapods (Sergestes similis), amphipods (Primno macropa, Phronima sp. | and Hyperiid spp.), siphonophore bracts, chaetognaths, larval fish, crab megalopae, larval squid, and medusae. Morphometric data (length, width, and height) were collected for these taxa. Density contrasts varied within and between zooplankton taxa. The mean and standard deviation for euphausiid density contrast were 1.059 ± 0.009. Relationships between zooplankton density contrast …

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The Evolution Of Cercopithecoid Locomotion: A Morphometric, Phylogenetic, And Character Mapping Approach, Ashley Daria Gosselin-Ildari Dec 2013

The Evolution Of Cercopithecoid Locomotion: A Morphometric, Phylogenetic, And Character Mapping Approach, Ashley Daria Gosselin-Ildari

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Cercopithecoidea is the superfamily within the order Primates representing Old World Monkeys. Cercopithecoids are relatively rare in the fossil record prior to the middle Miocene. However, since the PlioPleistocene, cercopithecoids have undergone a diversification making them one of most ecological diverse groups of primates today. Although cercopithecoids are ecologically and behaviorally diverse, their locomotor behavior is not considered specialized and their postcrania reflect a generalized quadrupedal locomotor repertoire. Many cercopithecoids today are considered " semi-terrestrial" meaning that they are efficient on the ground and in the trees. However, the colobines are almost exclusively arboreal and committed terrestriality is thought to …

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Structural Study Of Ino80 Chromatin Remodeling Protein Complex By Cryo-Em, Won Kyun Koh Dec 2013

Structural Study Of Ino80 Chromatin Remodeling Protein Complex By Cryo-Em, Won Kyun Koh

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The human genome, comprised of ~three billion base pairs, is over six feet long when fully extended. Multiple chromatin modifying enzymes are required either to condense the DNA to fit into each nucleus that are ~ 1um in size, or to partially unravel the chromatin for readout of the genomic information. The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler INO80 plays important roles in regulating the spacing of nucleosomes along the DNA. However, mechanism by which INO80 slides the nucleosome is still unclear. Structural studies of other chromatin remodelers have been shown to be a powerful approach to understand how these enzymes interact with …

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Physical Activity And Genetics As Determinants Of Limb Bone Structure, Ian Jacob Wallace Dec 2013

Physical Activity And Genetics As Determinants Of Limb Bone Structure, Ian Jacob Wallace

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The skeleton has the capacity to adjust its structure and strength throughout life in response to loads borne during physical activity. Typically, loading promotes bone formation, retards bone loss, and ultimately enhances structure and strength. Based on this observation, many anthropologists consider it possible to deduce the physical activity levels of ancient human populations by analyzing their skeletal remains. Populations with thick, strong bones are inferred to have been very physically active, while populations with slender, fragile bones are inferred to have been more sedentary. Although the responsiveness of bone to applied loads is well documented, non- mechanical factors, particularly …

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Analysis Of The Interaction Of H-Nox With Dgc Using In Vivo Methods And Analytical Ultracentrifugation, Patryk Zielinski Dec 2013

Analysis Of The Interaction Of H-Nox With Dgc Using In Vivo Methods And Analytical Ultracentrifugation, Patryk Zielinski

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Biofilms are a naturally occurring phenomenon and are known to be a significant problem in various fields including both the industrial and health environments. Bacterial biofilms are defined as the attachment and aggregation of a community of bacteria to solid surfaces. This behavior can lead to infections via medical transplants and compromise the functionality and durability of industrial equipment. Two proteins, Heme-Nitric oxide/Oxygen (H-NOX) and di-guanylate cyclase (DGC), are known to play an important role in the regulation of biofilm formation in bacteria. These two proteins down regulate the concentration of c-di-GMP, a second messenger molecule, in a cell. Since …

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The Medicalization Of Gender And Sexuality: Women's Responses To " Female Sexual Dysfunction", Amy Braksmajer Dec 2013

The Medicalization Of Gender And Sexuality: Women's Responses To " Female Sexual Dysfunction", Amy Braksmajer

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Scholarly interest in the social construction of female sexual dysfunction has tended to focus on the medicalization of women's sexual desires and behaviors, which can be traced back to the early 1970's with the publication of Masters and Johnson's Human Sexual Inadequacy. Not much is known, however, in regards to the ways in which women make sense of sexual problems as " dysfunctions" , or the ways in which medical interpretations of these problems affect the ways in which women experience gender, sexuality, and their bodies. In this qualitative study, I am interested in understanding: a) how, and to what …

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Mediterranean Diet Is An Effective Method For Treating Type 2 Diabetes In Adults, Amy Bois Dec 2013

Mediterranean Diet Is An Effective Method For Treating Type 2 Diabetes In Adults, Amy Bois

Health Sciences Undergraduate Publications

Type 2 diabetes has been a health issue for many years, and as more people throughout the world become obese or overweight this issue becomes more serious. Type 2 diabetes is called insulin resistance which means the body does not use insulin properly. At first the pancreas will make extra insulin, but over time the pancreas is not able to keep up and cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose at normal levels. Type 2 diabetes is most common in adults who are obese or overweight, and this health problem can be life-threatening. There is no cure for type …

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The Effects Of Standards-Based Grading On Student Performance In Algebra 2, Rachel Beth Rosales Dec 2013

The Effects Of Standards-Based Grading On Student Performance In Algebra 2, Rachel Beth Rosales

Dissertations

The use of standards-based grading in American public schools is increasing, offering students, parents, and teachers a new way of measuring and communicating about student achievement and performance. Parents indicate an appreciation for this method of grading, and students at the elementary grades (K-6) have improved standardized test scores in reading and math as a result of its implementation. This study seeks to determine whether standards-based grading has the same effect on students at the high school level (grades 9-12) by comparing end-of-course test scores and posttest scores of Algebra 2 students enrolled in a standards-based graded classroom with to …

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West Coast Rock Lobster Harvest Strategy And Control Rules 2015 - 2019: A Discussion Paper, Western Australian Department Of Fisheries Dec 2013

West Coast Rock Lobster Harvest Strategy And Control Rules 2015 - 2019: A Discussion Paper, Western Australian Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Management Papers

No abstract provided.

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West Coast Rock Lobster Harvest Strategy And Control Rules : 2015 – 2019 : A Discussion Paper, Department Of Fisheries Dec 2013

West Coast Rock Lobster Harvest Strategy And Control Rules : 2015 – 2019 : A Discussion Paper, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Management Papers

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Manganese Pyridazyl Complexes, Sana Shah Dec 2013

Synthesis And Characterization Of Manganese Pyridazyl Complexes, Sana Shah

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Heterocyclic’s and their fused-ring derivatives have been of interest for their use in electronic materials due to their ease of production, synthetic versatility, and low cost compared to traditional inorganic materials like silicon. Pyridazines have been found to be useful in catalysis gas storage, polymeric sensors and biological mimetics. When a transition-metal is fused into a synthesized pyridazine, unique properties such as conductivity and optics are allowed. In this work, synthesized pyridazine complexes will be analyzed by mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, imaging, x-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. We are interested in synthesizing organometallic pyridazines and manganese pyridazyl …

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The Quality Of Attachment In Premature Infants: An Analysis Of Mother-Infant Relationships, Christy Clarke Dec 2013

The Quality Of Attachment In Premature Infants: An Analysis Of Mother-Infant Relationships, Christy Clarke

HIM 1990-2015

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative case study using secondary data on four mothers with premature infants in a home visitation intervention group. Three data points were collected on each mother and infant: the health of the infant, the quality of attachment as seen in play interactions, and maternal life circumstances such as depression, social support and use of community resources. The data was looked at prenatally up until the infants were 15 months old. The results indicated that all four infants were relatively healthy across the first year of their lives. Three out of the …

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The Glycine And Proline Reductase Systems: An Evolutionary Perspective And Presence In Enterobacteriaceae, Joshua Witt Dec 2013

The Glycine And Proline Reductase Systems: An Evolutionary Perspective And Presence In Enterobacteriaceae, Joshua Witt

HIM 1990-2015

The Glycine and Proline Reduction systems are two of the best characterized selenoenzymes in bacteria and have been found to occur in a wide variety of clostridia [1-5]. These enzymes are utilized to reduce glycine or D-proline to obtain energy via substrate level phosporylation or membrane gradients, respectively [6, 7]. This includes the pathogens C. difficile and C. botulinum [5, 8]. Strains of C. difficile are activate toxigenic pathways whenever either of these pathways is active within the cell [5, 8]. Though evolutionary studies have been conducted on ammonia producing bacteria [9] none has been done to directly characterize these …

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Ole Miss Engineer 2013-2014 Dec 2013

Ole Miss Engineer 2013-2014

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

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