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2013

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Implications Of Hatchling Sex Ratios And Survival In The Recovery Program For The Endangered Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle, Elizabeth Bevan Jan 2013

Implications Of Hatchling Sex Ratios And Survival In The Recovery Program For The Endangered Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle, Elizabeth Bevan

All ETDs from UAB

The Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtle neared extinction during the mid-1980s, but due to intense conservation efforts its population is now gradually recovering. Hatchling sex ratios and natural predation on nests and hatchlings have been monitored at Rancho Nuevo, Mexico to optimize this species’ recovery. Sand and nest temperatures were evaluated for the 2009 - 2012 nesting seasons in the egg corrals and on the nesting beach. Temperatures were cool during the start of the nesting seasons (i.e. below pivotal temperature), and gradually rose and were at or above pivotal temperatures by mid–May. Temperatures remained warm for the remainder …


Regulatory Mechanisms Of Pathogen-Mediated Cellular Stress Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jon Lucas Boatwright Jan 2013

Regulatory Mechanisms Of Pathogen-Mediated Cellular Stress Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jon Lucas Boatwright

All ETDs from UAB

SA is a vital signaling molecule responsible for activation of plant defenses against various pathogen infections. Pathogen detection activates salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis which is paramount to local and systemic acquired resistance in addition to pathogenesis-related (PR) protein accumulation. Recently, NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 were identified as SA binding proteins and signal transducers; however, conflicting results have been obtained concerning the nature of NPR1 as a SA receptor. These, and other, SA signaling pathways are often heavily influenced by phytohormone crosstalk, whether by inhibiting or potentiating effects. Pathogenic infection can additionally activate defense responses that require increased protein synthesis and …


Effects Of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) And Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) Intercropping Techniques On Intermittent Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities, Kelly L. Breland Jan 2013

Effects Of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) And Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) Intercropping Techniques On Intermittent Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities, Kelly L. Breland

All ETDs from UAB

Forestry management activities can influence hydrologic regimes of intermittent streams which can influence the macroinvertebrate community of these streams. To test the effects of various harvesting and intercropping techniques, five small watersheds (0.08-0.25 km2) in Greene County, AL have been monitored before and after various treatments. Modified rapid bioassesment protocols were used to sample each stream every two weeks prior to treatments and once a month following treatments. In an effort to capture the full seasonality of these intermittent streams, samples were collected for a full year following the first sampling date. Macroinvertebrate community data has been analyzed using multimetric …


A Collaborative Social Computing Model For Transdisciplinary Problem Solving, Jerry Allen Higgs Jan 2013

A Collaborative Social Computing Model For Transdisciplinary Problem Solving, Jerry Allen Higgs

All ETDs from UAB

The capacity to address and solve today's complex problems is becoming exceedingly more difficult because of the transdisciplinary nature of our current system of knowledge. Innovative solutions are no longer the by-products of centralized offices and laboratories. In fact, crafting solutions for truly complex problems requires a collaborative sharing of knowledge that transcends the artificial boundaries of departmentalized offices and research facilities. For decades, segmented information systems built on distributed platforms have kept transdisciplinary problem solving fragmented, without the ability to effectively share knowledge or data. This segmentation has stifled the progress of research reaching beyond the traditional boundaries of …


Estimation And Forecasting Of Air Handling Condensate Recovery Using Multiple Regression Analysis And Time-Series Autoregressive Models, Atul Nandkumar Kajale Jan 2013

Estimation And Forecasting Of Air Handling Condensate Recovery Using Multiple Regression Analysis And Time-Series Autoregressive Models, Atul Nandkumar Kajale

All ETDs from UAB

According to the U.S. Drought Monitor (University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 2011), the majority of the Southeastern states are classified as being in a state of moderate, severe, extreme, and or exceptional drought. The northern part of Alabama including Jefferson County falls into the "abnormal" drought category. Due to the prevailing drought conditions in the Southeastern U.S. in the recent past, it is necessary to conserve water resources by using them as efficiently and responsibly as possible. The increasing population, socioeconomic developments, and industrialization could have significant impacts on the way we consume water today. There will be an imbalance …


Parallel Suffix Tree Construction For Genome Sequence Using Hadoop, Umesh Chandra Satish Jan 2013

Parallel Suffix Tree Construction For Genome Sequence Using Hadoop, Umesh Chandra Satish

LSU Master's Theses

Indexing the genome is the basis for many of the bioinformatics applications. Read mapping (sequence alignment) is one such application to align millions of short reads against reference genome. Several tools like BLAST, SOAP, BOWTIE, Cloudburst, and Rapid Parallel Genome Indexing with MapReduce use indexing technique for aligning short reads. Many of the contemporary alignment techniques are time consuming, memory intensive and cannot be easily scaled to larger genomes. Suffix tree is a popular data structure which can be used to overcome the demerits of other alignment techniques. However, constructing the suffix tree is highly memory intensive and time consuming. …


Degradation And Inhibition Of Chlorinated Ethanes And Ethenes In A Two Bed, Sequential Bioremediation System, Alex Boudreau Jan 2013

Degradation And Inhibition Of Chlorinated Ethanes And Ethenes In A Two Bed, Sequential Bioremediation System, Alex Boudreau

LSU Master's Theses

A continuous-flow system composed of two anaerobic bioreactor (ABR) columns (based on engineered wetland systems) connected in series was tested to observe the ability of such a system to treat multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possessing suspected inhibitory effects on the dechlorination of other compounds with cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) as the main test chemicals. Following the establishment of cDCE and 1,1-DCA dechlorinating ability at baseline conditions, system perturbations of breakthrough and starvation were conducted to measure the response and recovery of the system dechlorination. In all column experiments, it was observed cDCE dechlorination inhibited the dechlorination of 1,1-DCA …


A Linear Programming Model And Partial Budget Analysis To Optimize Management Strategies Of Western Flower Thrips In Greenhouse Impatiens Production, Xiaohua Yue Jan 2013

A Linear Programming Model And Partial Budget Analysis To Optimize Management Strategies Of Western Flower Thrips In Greenhouse Impatiens Production, Xiaohua Yue

LSU Master's Theses

The research problem of this thesis was to compare strategies and costs of protecting impatiens in greenhouse culture from western flower thrips that would provide a plant of acceptable quality to the market and would address the issue of development of resistance to commonly used pesticides by evaluating biopesticides. Partial budgets based on alternative strategies were identified. Six control strategies were identified from a combination of commercial growers, research experts and biopesticide recommendations from product distributors. The research-recommended strategy 6 had the highest total production cost ($197.44), while one of the grower strategies based on conventional pesticides had the lowest …


Insulin Secretagogue Activity Of Ellagic Acid-Rich Muscadine (Vitis Rotundifolia) And Indian Gooseberry (Emblica Officinalis) Extracts On Pancreatic Beta Cells, Srikanth Earpina Jan 2013

Insulin Secretagogue Activity Of Ellagic Acid-Rich Muscadine (Vitis Rotundifolia) And Indian Gooseberry (Emblica Officinalis) Extracts On Pancreatic Beta Cells, Srikanth Earpina

LSU Master's Theses

Diabetes is an inflammatory disease associated with hyperglycemia. Chronic exposure of pancreatic â-cells to glucolipotoxicity stimulates a low-grade inflammation associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1â (IL-1â). Increased levels of IL-1â can initially lead to decreased insulin secretion and finally â-cell death. Ellagic acid and quercetin have been reported to be anti-inflammatory in several studies. Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine) or Emblica officinalis (amla) are good sources of ellagic acid and quercetin. Ellagic acid or quercetin is bioavailable as is or are metabolized into bioavailable urolithins or isorhamnetin, respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect …


Effects Of Predator Reduction On Nest Success Of Upland Nesting Ducks In Low-Grassland Density Landscapes In Eastern North Dakota, Michael Buxton Jan 2013

Effects Of Predator Reduction On Nest Success Of Upland Nesting Ducks In Low-Grassland Density Landscapes In Eastern North Dakota, Michael Buxton

LSU Master's Theses

Nest success of upland nesting ducks is the primary driver of duck population growth in the Prairie Pothole Region. Nest success is greatly influenced by nest predation and the amount of available nesting cover on the landscape. The decline in acres enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in this region has negatively impacted the amount of available nesting cover, making nesting cover sparse and confined to small patches where predation rates are potentially elevated. I evaluated the efficacy of seasonal predator reduction on increasing nest success on low-grassland density (>10% grassland cover), 93 km2 landscapes in two different …


Development Of Watershed-Based Modeling Approach To Pollution Source Identification, Yangbin Tong Jan 2013

Development Of Watershed-Based Modeling Approach To Pollution Source Identification, Yangbin Tong

LSU Master's Theses

Identification of unknown pollution sources is essential to environmental protection and emergency response. A review of recent publications in source identification revealed that there are very limited numbers of research in modeling methods for rivers. What’s more, the majority of these attempts were to find the source strength and release time, while only a few of them discussed how to identify source locations. Comparisons of these works indicated that a combination of biological, mathematical and geographical method could effectively identify unknown source area(s), which was a more practical trial in a watershed. This thesis presents a watershed-based modeling approach to …


Potential Roles Of Wrky Transcription Factors In Resistance To Aspergillus Flavus Colonization Of Immature Maize Kernels, Jake Clayton Fountain Jan 2013

Potential Roles Of Wrky Transcription Factors In Resistance To Aspergillus Flavus Colonization Of Immature Maize Kernels, Jake Clayton Fountain

LSU Master's Theses

The infection and colonization of maize (Zea mays L.) by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in contamination of kernel tissues with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins, resulting in severe economic losses as well as negative effects on human and animal health. Resistance to A. flavus is mediated by both inducible and constitutively expressed defense proteins; however the mechanism regulating the expression of these defenses is poorly understood. This study examined the potential roles of six maize WRKY transcription factors, ZmWRKY19, ZmWRKY21, ZmWRKY53, ZmWRKY53.1, ZmWRKY67, and ZmWRKY68, in regulating defense responses against …


Measuring Soluble Salts In Soils Via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Samantha Lynn Swanhart Jan 2013

Measuring Soluble Salts In Soils Via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Samantha Lynn Swanhart

LSU Master's Theses

Soil scientists have been using the same quantification methods for soluble salts for decades. Yet they have long struggled with an effective method for quantifying gypsum content, because current methods are fraught with problems. Saline soil has been historically defined as soil containing salts more soluble than gypsum (e.g., various combinations of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and CO32-) to the extent that soil fertility is severely reduced across a wide array of climates and geological settings. Since salinity is not germane to specific soil characteristics such as texture or parent material, it can be challenging to predict …


Automated Sensor Platform For Distribution Pattern Characterization Of Agricultural Equipment, Maziar Amirani Jan 2013

Automated Sensor Platform For Distribution Pattern Characterization Of Agricultural Equipment, Maziar Amirani

LSU Master's Theses

Design and calibration of spreading equipment for agricultural materials are critically important but is facing some limitations in time and costs. Lack of personnel and environmental constraints, as well as equipment features present challenges in the calibration process and results. The major objective of this project was to introduce and investigate the feasibility of integration of automated electrical equipment into this calibration process in order to optimize the overall procedure in terms of cost, time and precision as an ultimate goal. Specific objectives focused on optical techniques as well as novel accelerometer technology. A photo based method in detection of …


Palate Shape And Depth : A Shape Matching And Machine Learning Method For Assessment Of Ancestry From Skeletal Remains, Christopher Allan Maier Jan 2013

Palate Shape And Depth : A Shape Matching And Machine Learning Method For Assessment Of Ancestry From Skeletal Remains, Christopher Allan Maier

LSU Master's Theses

The assessment of ancestry from skeletal remains is a vital aspect of forensic anthropology. As such, a myriad of techniques exists for estimating this particular component of the biological profile. The most traditional of these methods utilizes the naked eye and the observer’s experience. As replicability has become more important, objective, metric techniques have been developed. This study attempts to merge these two subfields: by taking a traditionally non-metric feature, palate shape, and using a computer, evaluating it quantitatively. Using 3D digitizer technology in conjunction with shape matching and machine learning methods common in computer science, palate shape curves were …


Changes In Plasma Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, Acth, Prolactin, Gh, Lh, Fsh, And Thyroid Stimulating Hormone In Response To Injection Of Sulpiride, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, Or Vehicle In Insulin Sensitive And Insensitive Mares, Nicole Arana Valencia Jan 2013

Changes In Plasma Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, Acth, Prolactin, Gh, Lh, Fsh, And Thyroid Stimulating Hormone In Response To Injection Of Sulpiride, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, Or Vehicle In Insulin Sensitive And Insensitive Mares, Nicole Arana Valencia

LSU Master's Theses

Six insulin sensitive and six insensitive mares were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design to determine the pituitary hormonal responses (compared to vehicle) to sulpiride and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), two compounds commonly used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Mares were classified as insulin sensitive or insensitive by their previous glucose responses to direct injection of human recombinant insulin. Treatment days were February 25 and March 10 and 24, 2012. Treatments were sulpiride (racemic mixture, 0.01 mg/kg BW), TRH (0.002 mg/kg BW), and vehicle (saline, 0.01 mL/kg BW) administered intravenously. Blood samples were …


Design And Implementation Of A Very Short Retention Time Filtrate Clarifier, Santiago Alfredo Grimaldo Jan 2013

Design And Implementation Of A Very Short Retention Time Filtrate Clarifier, Santiago Alfredo Grimaldo

LSU Master's Theses

Filtrate, which accounts for almost 15 to 20% of the mixed juice produced in a raw sugar factory, is usually recirculated, which is detrimental to the process. This can lead to: increased sugar inversion and reduction in both sugar quality and clarifier performance. Previous attempts on filtrate clarification have shown limitations for its implementation due to the long residence times of the clarifiers, complex operations and low quality of clarified filtrate. A filtrate clarification pilot plant using a very short residence time clarifier (10 minutes) was designed and tested during the 2012 Louisiana sugarcane harvesting season. Louisiana Low Turbulence technology …


An Analysis Of Consumer Preferences For Grass-Fed Versus Grain-Fed Beef, Bo Lin Jan 2013

An Analysis Of Consumer Preferences For Grass-Fed Versus Grain-Fed Beef, Bo Lin

LSU Master's Theses

As a consequence of the growing concerns about human health and the environment, consumers are becoming more interested in grass-fed beef than conventional grain-fed beef. Therefore, the study of consumers’ preference towards grass-fed versus grain-fed beef steak is the focus of research. In this paper, 2,000 respondents who indicate they have eaten grass fed beef in the past years and 2,000 respondents that complete a nationally representative sample is the general population. Conjoint analysis is utilized to analyze the preference of consumers. Participants are presented ten hypothetical beef steaks to rate. All steaks are identical excluding their product type, source …


Yogurt Cultured Milk Powder As A Substitute For Yogurt Powder, Lijie Song Jan 2013

Yogurt Cultured Milk Powder As A Substitute For Yogurt Powder, Lijie Song

LSU Master's Theses

Commercial yogurt powder has to go through drying process which kills the yogurt culture, so the health benefit of the yogurt culture bacteria are lost. Also, upon reconstitution commercial yogurt powder does not taste like yogurt, it is sour and off flavored. The hypothesis of this study was that yogurt cultured milk powder would have better culture bacterial counts, better physico-chemical and sensory characteristics than commercial yogurt powder currently available. Commercial yogurt powder (CYP) was the control and yogurt cultured milk powder (YCMP) was the treatment. Freeze-dried yogurt starter culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus at ratio 1:1) was added …


Factors Affecting Basal And Post-Exercise Prolactin Secretion In Horses, Lisa C. Digiovanni Jan 2013

Factors Affecting Basal And Post-Exercise Prolactin Secretion In Horses, Lisa C. Digiovanni

LSU Master's Theses

There has been thorough documentation to support the role of dopamine in the control of prolactin production and secretion in various mammalian species, including the horse. However, there is evidence that other factors are involved in prolactin secretion. Seven experiments were conducted to assess factors that potentially might affect prolactin secretion in the horse. The first two experiments were conducted (separately) to test whether arginine vasopressin (AVP) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) affected prolactin secretion. In each experiment, AVP or VIP was administered intravenously and blood samples were collected to determine the effect on prolactin secretion. Neither peptide produced any …


Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea Aestivalis) Population Structure Across The Southeastern Usa, Blain Annette Cerame Jan 2013

Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea Aestivalis) Population Structure Across The Southeastern Usa, Blain Annette Cerame

LSU Master's Theses

Understanding gene flow and population structure in wildlife populations helps managers to protect distinct genetic lineages and genetic variation in small, isolated populations at high risk of extinction. I assessed genetic diversity in Bachman’s Sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis) to evaluate the role of natural barriers in shaping evolutionarily significant units as well as the effect of anthropogenically-caused habitat loss and fragmentation on population differentiation and diversity. Genetic diversity was assessed across the geographic range of Bachman’s Sparrow by genotyping 226 individuals at 18 microsatellite loci and sequencing 48 individuals at nuclear and mitochondrial DNA genes. Multiple analyses consistently demonstrated high levels …


Effects Of Partial Confinement And Local Heating On Healing Efficiencies Of Self-Healing Particulate Composites, Jonah Champagne Jan 2013

Effects Of Partial Confinement And Local Heating On Healing Efficiencies Of Self-Healing Particulate Composites, Jonah Champagne

LSU Master's Theses

Shape memory polymers are smart materials that can be trained to hold a temporary shape through programming and regain their original shape upon heating. Since there discovery in the 1960s, much research has been devoted to the study of these polymers. Of particular interest in recent years is the study of self-healing shape memory polymers. In a previous study, it has been shown that in order for efficient healing to take place in self-healing shape memory polymers, confinement during healing is essential. Moreover, a two-step close-then-heal (CTH) approach to healing was suggested. It was shown that use of this CTH …


Secular Change In The Rate Of Dental Impaction, Kelly Heim Jan 2013

Secular Change In The Rate Of Dental Impaction, Kelly Heim

LSU Master's Theses

Current literature on the prevalence of impaction has not addressed the change over time (secular change) as it relates to the dimensions of the dental arcade. It has been suggested both that the prevalence of impaction is increasing and that the dimensions of the dental arcade may be decreasing, but no studies have investigated these two variables in conjunction with one another. This study aims to record secular change in the prevalence of impaction by utilizing two sets of data: individuals from the Terry collection represent a historic population from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and individuals from …


A Genomic And Quantitative Evaluation Of Modern Charolais Sired Calves Versus Multigenerational Angus Sired Calves For Growth And Carcass Quality And Compostion Traits, Jennifer Lynn Bailey Jan 2013

A Genomic And Quantitative Evaluation Of Modern Charolais Sired Calves Versus Multigenerational Angus Sired Calves For Growth And Carcass Quality And Compostion Traits, Jennifer Lynn Bailey

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with growth, performance, and carcass quality and composition characteristics in a population of cattle consisting of multigenerational Angus sired calves and modern characteristic Charolais sired calves. A total of 132 calves were evaluated. Due to a limited sample population statistical difference was set at p ˂ 0.05 and statistical trends were set at p ˂ 0.1. Mean birth weights were significantly higher for Charolais sired calves as compared to Angus sired calves. Significant differences were observed between the two breed types for mean weaning weights with …


Quizzing And Retention In The High School Science Class, Donell Debacker Evans Jan 2013

Quizzing And Retention In The High School Science Class, Donell Debacker Evans

LSU Master's Theses

There is a need to identify educational tools and methods that are easily assimilated into a secondary science education classroom. The use of testing as an educational tool, rather than as a summative assessment only, has emerged as a possible solution. Test-enhanced learning is attributed to the testing effect (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). The testing effect refers to the higher probability of recalling an item resulting from the act of retrieving the item from memory (testing) versus additional study trials of the item (Craney et al., 2008). A comparison of frequent testing/quizzing versus no quizzing outcomes were studied to determine …


Effects Of Caste On The Constitutive And Induced Expression Of Genes Associated With Immunity And Detoxification In Formosan Subterranean Termites, Dawn M. Simms Jan 2013

Effects Of Caste On The Constitutive And Induced Expression Of Genes Associated With Immunity And Detoxification In Formosan Subterranean Termites, Dawn M. Simms

LSU Master's Theses

Simms, Dawn M., B.S., Louisiana State University, 1997 Master of Science, Spring Commencement, 2013 Major: Entomology Effects of Caste on the Constitutive and Induced Expression of Genes Associated with Immunity and Detoxification in Formosan Subterranean Termites Thesis directed by Associate Professor Claudia Husseneder Pages in thesis, 74. Words in abstract, 268. ABSTRACT Formosan subterranean termites (FSTs) live in dense populations and nest conditions that are conducive to microbial growth. Furthermore, termites are exposed to potential toxic substances in the soil and in their lignocellulose diet. These characteristics, in combination with the specialized caste system of FSTs, make this termite a …


Population Ecology Of The Ribbed Mussel In Southeastern Louisiana, Aaron Jacob Honig Jan 2013

Population Ecology Of The Ribbed Mussel In Southeastern Louisiana, Aaron Jacob Honig

LSU Master's Theses

Benthic intertidal bivalves play an essential role in estuarine ecosystems by contributing to habitat provision, water filtration, and promoting productivity. As such, ecosystem level changes that impact population distributions and persistence of local bivalve populations may have large ecosystem level consequences, making it important to better understand the population distribution and ecology of native bivalve populations. Gametogenesis, recruitment, growth, mortality, size structure and density of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, were examined across a salinity gradient in southeastern Louisiana. In summer 2012, 100-m transects were placed at interior and edge marsh plots to collect data on mussel density, and vegetation …


Attitudes About Voice And Voice Therapy Among Transgender Individuals, Stefanie E. Hays Jan 2013

Attitudes About Voice And Voice Therapy Among Transgender Individuals, Stefanie E. Hays

LSU Master's Theses

Due to increased interest in the area of voice problems and treatment among transgender individuals in recent years, a study about vocal experiences, vocal handicap, and participation in treatment methods among this population is needed. This study examined vocal handicap among transgender women, transgender men, and individuals identifying as a non-binary gender through an online questionnaire. The goals of the study were to compare vocal handicap between transgender men and women as well as those who had participated in voice therapy and those who had not. Another goal was to identify reasons among transgender individuals for not participating in voice …


March Madness For Men, Gabrielle P. Jones Jan 2013

March Madness For Men, Gabrielle P. Jones

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this study is to examine the manner in which the media covers men’s and women’s athletics and how it may affect the public’s perception of women’s athletics. The study also seeks to examine how the hegemonic devices and primes that the sports media use can affect viewers’ enjoyment of women’s athletic coverage as well as the effect that sports fandom plays on viewers perceptions. Using an experiment exposing participants to heavy men’s college and women’s college basketball coverage, the results showed that sports media coverage did not elicit negative perceptions toward women’s athletics.


Dynamic Modeling Of Channel Formation During Fluid Injection Into Unconsolidated Sands, Sayamik Ameen Jan 2013

Dynamic Modeling Of Channel Formation During Fluid Injection Into Unconsolidated Sands, Sayamik Ameen

LSU Master's Theses

Water injection is widely used for sweeping hydrocarbons in waterflooding operations, and also for maintaining reservoir pressure or disposing waste water. Injection at a high rate is required to maintain the economy of waterflooding projects; however, loss of injectivity is a quite common problem in unconsolidated sand formations like deep water Gulf of Mexico. Well intervention operations, hurricanes, and other issues require frequent shut-downs during the life of offshore wells; in order to minimize deteriorating effect of these shutdowns on wellbore injectivity more accurate modeling of the injection process is needed. Injection of water into a saturated, granular, porous medium …