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Being Prepared And Staying Connected: Scouting’S Influence On Social Capital And Community Involvement, Edward C. Polson, Young-Il Kim, Sung Joon Jang, Byron R. Johnson, Buster Smith

Faculty Publications - Department of Sociology

Objectives

In recent years, scholars have become concerned about the effects that declining levels of social capital are having on community life in the United States. Data suggest that Americans are less likely to interact with neighbors and less likely to participate in community groups than they were in the past. Nevertheless, researchers have found that participation in some types of organizations has a positive impact on social capital and civic involvement. Each year, millions of American youth participate in programs designed to promote positive youth development. Here, we examine the effect that participation in one of the largest youth …

The Politics And Practicalities Of Reentry: A Case Study Of The Reentry Environment In A Suburban Community, Carlene Sipma-Dysico

Dissertations

Although inquiry into reentry has grown significantly in the past decade, studies concerning formerly incarcerated persons entrance back into society tend to look at the outcomes and consequences of reentry, not the process. This "what works and what doesn't work" research approach (Seiter and Kadela 2003) leaves some very important aspects of reentry unexamined. While determining the efficacy of programs designed to reduce recidivism is important for public safety, social policy creation, and budgetary considerations, the role of the community in reentry remains largely unexplored.

This dissertation examines how reentry is done at the community level; by practitioners of reentry, …

Developing A White Anti-Racism Identity: A Psycho-Educational Group Model, Kathryn Kristin Berg, Shirley Simon

Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper describes and assesses a seven session psycho-educational group on anti-racism identity development for White European-American undergraduate students at a midwestern U.S. university. It is predicated on the premise that Whiteness can simultaneously privilege and harm White people, and that White students have the potential to become personally invested in the challenging of systematic racism. It is also based on the idea that a group structure presents an ideal format for addressing this topic. Peer support, a safe environment, and information are requisites for facilitating personal exploration of this sensitive subject. A group model for addressing this topic is …

A Right To A Child Of One's Own? The Legal Justification In Limiting Access To Assisted Reproductive Treatment, Rebecca O'Connor

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

The revolution in IVF treatment in recent years has resulted in the conception of over 4 million babies worldwide prompting stricter legal regulation and control of medical practice. This article explores the demand and availability for IVF, and how international and domestic legislation operates and applies in relation to the notion of 'a right to a child.' It considers whether there is, or should be, an established right to such treatment and the extent to which interferences by the state to prohibit or limit assisted reproductive treatments are legitimately justified.

We Are A Family: Legal Issues For Lesbian And Gay Parented Families In New Zealand, Janette Kelly, Nicola Surtees

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article summarises research commissioned by the New Zealand Families Commission to gain a better understanding and awareness of the legal position of gay parented families and donor parents compared to heteronormative families. The research and discussion raise issues about the limits and parameters of legal parenthood rights, responsibilities and liabilities and draws some analogies with English law in this respect.

To What Extent Does Police Occupational Culture Impact On The Social And Domestic Lives Of Police Officers, Heather Coombe

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Since the establishment of the new police service in 1829 there has been much research in to the influence of police-culture on the cognitive and behavioural responses of police officers. This article seeks to take a more expansive view of police occupational culture by discussing the extent to which it has an impact, not only within the occupational environment but furthermore on the social and domestic lives of police officers. This research has reviewed the literature surrounding police culture and the occupational impacts of policing on domestic and social life. By adopting a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews, it analyses …

Restorative Justice: Its Relationship To Law And Society, Martin Wright

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Editorial, Kim Stevenson, Lesley Simmonds

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Redefining Murder: Joint Enterprise, Nicola Mitchell-Rod

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article explores the evolution of secondary liability and the unforgiving doctrine of joint enterprise in homicide cases. Exploration of the current law ensues to determine if the distinct decisions of their Lordships in both Powell and Rahman have failed to sufficiently clarify the law; followed by in depth analysis of the Law Commission and Ministry of Justice proposals to reform this infamously disputed area of law.

Quality And Accessibility: Legal Education In An Age Of Austerity, John Thomas

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Why Is There Lack Of Recognition For British Children Who Are Victim To Internal Trafficking For Sexual Exploitation?, Anne Westcott

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Child trafficking has been conceptualised as 'modern day slavery'. Slavery has been held up as the worst possible exploitation in human history (Lee, 2007). For more than 20 years UK governments have ratified United Nation Conventions and Protocols and rescheduled laws in its effort to eradicate this crime. However, despite such political commitment, in reality thousands of British children are still victims to internal trafficking for sexual exploitation in the UK today. Over the last 10 years the UK government has employed agencies, in the shape of the UK Human Trafficking Centre (UKHTC), the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) and the …

Exploring 'Practical' Conceptions Of The Role Of The Criminal Defence Lawyer: A Methodological Overview, Tom Smith

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article examines the methodology behind an empirical study investigating the 'real life' role of criminal defence lawyers and their approach to ethical conflict resolution. Using a normative conceptual framework entitled the 'zealous advocate' model, the study involved interviews with defence practitioners. A central feature of the interviews was a method known as the 'vignette technique', which used hypothetical scenarios to simulate realistic 'conflict' situations for respondents to consider. This article summarises the theory behind the study, examines the methodological issues of empirical research with lawyers, examines the benefits and limitations of the 'vignette technique', and details the construction of …

A Problem Shared...?' Some Reflections On Problem Solving Courts And Court Innovation In Australia, Harry Blagg

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

There has been growing interest in recent years in developing 'non-adversarial' forms of court based justice, and exploring the potential for courts to take a lead role in resolving the underlying issues that ensure repeated contact with the justice system for particular groups. Problem Oriented Courts, such as community courts, drug courts, family violence courts and the like, originated in the USA but have taken root in societies across the globe. This article emerges primarily out of research and policy development work intended to inform an initiative in Victoria Australia called the Next Generation Courts initiative, which sought mainstream the …

The Uncertainty Of Article 8 Echr In Relation To The Removal Of Foreign Criminals, Lucy Nash

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article highlights concerns regarding judicial interpretations and understandings of the application of Article 8 European Convention on Human Rights to control the deportation of foreign criminals from the United Kingdom. It examines the broad scope of the provision arguing that it is somewhat unclear, vague and unpredictable for those seeking to rely on it.

The Recognition Of State Crime And The Syrian Uprising, Nicholas Smith

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This study aims to establish why state crime is not always recognised as such. The criminological analysis of state crime is a fledgling field of interest, although over the past decade there have been significant developments. As a result of these recent developments it is possible to theoretically interact with state crime. Through theoretical engagement, within a real life context, the phenomenon of recognition of state crime is explored. A case study of the recognition of state crime during the first 15 months of the Syrian uprising provides the real life context. An 'adaptive theory' approach is adopted promoting the …

The Odd One Out: Felony Murder, The Law Of Parties, And The Execution Of Non Killers, Rachael Walsh

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

The focus of this research is in the area of the United States death penalty. More specifically, it examines the use of the felony murder rule and the law of parties at both federal and state level. These areas are considered in light of the 8th Amendment as according to the interpretations of the United States Supreme Court. The approach taken in this article is two dimensional: firstly it considers the theoretical approach to the felony murder rule and the law of parties by way of assessing the legislation and precedents at federal level, secondly it examines the law in …

Reflections On Restorative Justice Conference - 'Creating A More Transparent, Responsive And Effective Criminal Justice System', Gareth Addidle

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Pregnant And In Prison: Can The Quality Of Services Provided Affect The Overall Perception Of Being Pregnant In Prison?, Peter Chatten

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

The suicides of six women within a year at Styal Prison in 2006 (Prison Reform Trust: 2010) lead the Government to appoint Baroness Jean Corston to undertake a review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. The result? The Corston Report, a document with recommendations for a new woman-centred approach in dealing with female offending. Whilst this was a progressive movement, one particular minority of prisoners received little mention – pregnant women. With no official statistics on the number of pregnant women in prison, they become a difficult group to provide services for even though they are …

The Assessment Of Benefit Under Part 2 Of The Proceeds Of Crime Act 2002: A Sledgehammer To Crack A Nut?, Amy Giles

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article provides an analysis of the application of Part 2 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 which provides for the making of confiscation orders following conviction in criminal cases. It examines the policy reasons behind the Act and traces the legislative development which commenced following the House of Lords ruling in R v Cuthbertson and Others that it had no jurisdiction to make an order for the defendants involved in, at the time, the biggest drug ring in the United Kingdom to forfeit their proceeds. This article considers the defendant's 'benefit' from crime which may be assessed at …

The Poverty Defense, Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

Poverty is correlated with crime, but it is widely assumed that it should not be a defense. In the 1970s, Judge David Bazelon challenged this assumption, proposing a rotten social background defense, that is, how growing up under circumstances of severe deprivation can subsequently impact a criminal defendant's mental state and actions. Relatedly, other theorists have posited that poverty should be a defense to crime based on poverty's coercive aspects or because society forfeits its right to condemn when it tolerates significant economic inequality. Critics counter that a poverty defense should not be adopted because it is not only inconsistent …

Authority And Crime, 1835-1860: A Comparison Between Exmouth And Torquay, Jacqueline Bryon

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Authority and Crime, 1835-1860: A Comparison between Exmouth and Torquay This thesis explores the impact of crime on seaside resorts in mid-nineteenth century England, together with the implications and challenges presented for authority and control. The evidence is based on a case study of two contrasting south Devon resorts, Exmouth and Torquay. The research findings are based mainly on the period between 1835 and 1860. In particular, the thesis considers the nature and scale of crime committed and the reactions produced amongst those in positions of power and authority. The responses of these influential individuals and groups were shaped by …

Public Attitudes Towards Crime And Punishment In Greece And The Factors Underlying Their Construction, Magdalini Pipini

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Public opinion regarding crime-related issues is a challenging matter for researchers and politicians alike. An ill-informed public with regards to crime, punishment and other aspects of the criminal justice system leads to discontent and demands for harsher policies to strengthen public safety. Politicians harness public opinion to secure votes, and this can result in punitive policies that are founded on erroneous beliefs. The objective of this study is to look more deeply into people’s attitudes towards crime and punishment, and to consider why Greek people hold the views that they do and how these views are constructed. A multi-method approach …

Sayre: Undergraduate Catalog 2013-2014, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Undergraduate Catalogs

No abstract provided.

The Independent Influences Of Relational And Physical Victimization On Subsequent Physical Aggression In Middle School Children, Michelle D. Mioduszewski

Master's Theses

Using Agnew's strain (1992) and integrative (2005) theory, this study hypothesized that relational and physical victimization would be independently associated with self-reported physical aggression at six months and one year after victimization. Secondary data analysis was conducted using three waves of a longitudinal multisite dataset used for the "Outcome Evaluation of the Teens, Crime, and the Community/Community Works (TCC/CW) Training Program, 2004-2005." Independent variables at wave one were relational victimization occurring none or one time (56.2%), or two or more times (43.8%), and physical victimization occurring none or one time (77.8%), or two or more times (22.2%). The dependent variables …

Sweet Fanny Adams And Sarah's Law: The Creation Of Rhetorical Shorthand In The Print Press, Samantha Pegg

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

This article considers two cases of female child murder, modern and historical, where the victims have become household names. The framing of these cases in the print press is explored in order to address how similar cases resulted in the divergent use of victims’ names and how the names of both victims became emblematic. It is suggested that addressing ideological backdrops, specifically conceptualisations of childhood and how these can be linked to more disparate concerns, is vital in explaining this etymological divergence. More generally, it is suggested that how an episode has been received is reliant upon how these ideological …

Editorial, Judith Rowbotham, Kim Stevenson, Samantha Pegg

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

No abstract provided.

The Media Representation Of Prisons: Boot Camps Or Holiday Camps, Ian Marsh

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

No abstract provided.

The Limits Of West German Justice In The 1960s: The Post-War Investigation Of Walter Gieseke (Oberstleutnant Of The Gendarmerie And Ss), G. H. Bennett

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

This article uses a micro-historical methodology to examine some of the complex problems of bringing to justice Nazi-era war criminals in West Germany in the 1960s. It takes as its focus the failure to bring a case against Walter Gieseke, Oberstleutnant of the Gendarmerie and SS. One of the ‘middle managers’ of the Nazi state Gieseke headed a road building project across the Ukraine which resulted in the murder of substantial numbers of Jewish forced labourers. Under questioning he pursued strategies which maximised the difficulties facing the investigating authorities in West Germany.

Justice And Genocide In Bosnia: An Unbridgeable Gap Between Academe And Law?, Gregory Kent

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

The 1992-95 war in Bosnia was the worst war on the European continent since WWII. The massive and systematic human rights violations were the worst in Europe since the Holocaust. This article proposes, based on a provisional review of non-legal, mainly social science and humanities literature on the Yugoslav crisis, and on a focused analysis of genocide jurisprudence, that there is a gulf between, on the one hand, academic interpretations of these human rights violations as constituting genocide – with some notable exceptions - and on the other, judicial decisions regarding cases brought at the International Criminal Tribunal for the …

Criminal Responses And Financial Misconduct In Twenty-First Century Britain: Tradition And Points Of Departure, And The Significance Of The Conscious Past, Gary Wilson, Sarah Wilson

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

The Financial Services (Banking Reform) Bill 2013/14 (hereafter Banking Reform Bill) is set to introduce a new criminal offence of reckless misconduct by senior bank staff. The introduction of such an offence was recommended in the Final Report of the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards (PCBS) Changing Banking for Good, published 19 June 2013; as part of a 'package of recommendations to raise standards'. This particular recommendation had been widely anticipated. A short time before this Report, the PCBS Chair, Andrew Tyrie MP, had bemoaned the lack of 'orange jumpsuits' being donned by bankers. Equally, press reportage that 'reckless bankers' …