Digital Commons Network^™

We Are A Family: Legal Issues For Lesbian And Gay Parented Families In New Zealand, Janette Kelly, Nicola Surtees

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article summarises research commissioned by the New Zealand Families Commission to gain a better understanding and awareness of the legal position of gay parented families and donor parents compared to heteronormative families. The research and discussion raise issues about the limits and parameters of legal parenthood rights, responsibilities and liabilities and draws some analogies with English law in this respect.

Restorative Justice: Its Relationship To Law And Society, Martin Wright

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Why Is There Lack Of Recognition For British Children Who Are Victim To Internal Trafficking For Sexual Exploitation?, Anne Westcott

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Child trafficking has been conceptualised as 'modern day slavery'. Slavery has been held up as the worst possible exploitation in human history (Lee, 2007). For more than 20 years UK governments have ratified United Nation Conventions and Protocols and rescheduled laws in its effort to eradicate this crime. However, despite such political commitment, in reality thousands of British children are still victims to internal trafficking for sexual exploitation in the UK today. Over the last 10 years the UK government has employed agencies, in the shape of the UK Human Trafficking Centre (UKHTC), the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) and the …

Exploring 'Practical' Conceptions Of The Role Of The Criminal Defence Lawyer: A Methodological Overview, Tom Smith

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article examines the methodology behind an empirical study investigating the 'real life' role of criminal defence lawyers and their approach to ethical conflict resolution. Using a normative conceptual framework entitled the 'zealous advocate' model, the study involved interviews with defence practitioners. A central feature of the interviews was a method known as the 'vignette technique', which used hypothetical scenarios to simulate realistic 'conflict' situations for respondents to consider. This article summarises the theory behind the study, examines the methodological issues of empirical research with lawyers, examines the benefits and limitations of the 'vignette technique', and details the construction of …

A Problem Shared...?' Some Reflections On Problem Solving Courts And Court Innovation In Australia, Harry Blagg

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

There has been growing interest in recent years in developing 'non-adversarial' forms of court based justice, and exploring the potential for courts to take a lead role in resolving the underlying issues that ensure repeated contact with the justice system for particular groups. Problem Oriented Courts, such as community courts, drug courts, family violence courts and the like, originated in the USA but have taken root in societies across the globe. This article emerges primarily out of research and policy development work intended to inform an initiative in Victoria Australia called the Next Generation Courts initiative, which sought mainstream the …

The Uncertainty Of Article 8 Echr In Relation To The Removal Of Foreign Criminals, Lucy Nash

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article highlights concerns regarding judicial interpretations and understandings of the application of Article 8 European Convention on Human Rights to control the deportation of foreign criminals from the United Kingdom. It examines the broad scope of the provision arguing that it is somewhat unclear, vague and unpredictable for those seeking to rely on it.

The Recognition Of State Crime And The Syrian Uprising, Nicholas Smith

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This study aims to establish why state crime is not always recognised as such. The criminological analysis of state crime is a fledgling field of interest, although over the past decade there have been significant developments. As a result of these recent developments it is possible to theoretically interact with state crime. Through theoretical engagement, within a real life context, the phenomenon of recognition of state crime is explored. A case study of the recognition of state crime during the first 15 months of the Syrian uprising provides the real life context. An 'adaptive theory' approach is adopted promoting the …

Pregnant And In Prison: Can The Quality Of Services Provided Affect The Overall Perception Of Being Pregnant In Prison?, Peter Chatten

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

The suicides of six women within a year at Styal Prison in 2006 (Prison Reform Trust: 2010) lead the Government to appoint Baroness Jean Corston to undertake a review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. The result? The Corston Report, a document with recommendations for a new woman-centred approach in dealing with female offending. Whilst this was a progressive movement, one particular minority of prisoners received little mention – pregnant women. With no official statistics on the number of pregnant women in prison, they become a difficult group to provide services for even though they are …

Foundations In Wisconsin: A Directory [32nd Ed. 2013], Mary C. Frenn, Katie M. Barnhart, Victoria Browne, Anne M. Carpenter, Melanie Pauly, Jakob K. Rinderknecht

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory

The 2013 edition of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 32nd production of the print directory and the 13th year of the online version. The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. Additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation websites, annual reports, and newsletters.

Weathering Of Sulfide Ores In Model Soils, Potentially Toxic Element Release And Bioavailability, Thomas Robson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The exploitation of metallic sulfide ores produces vast quantities of fine-grained wastes hosting potentially toxic elements (PTEs). There are concerns that, if improperly disposed of and managed, waste mineral particles can behave as vectors that disperse PTEs via aeolian and fluvial transport, subsequently contaminating soils and crops used to support human populations. The importance of these particles, as sources and influencers of PTE biogeochemistry in productive soils, has received limited research. Long-term (365 d) batch incubation experiments, field weathering experiments and phytoavailability trials, were performed to establish the rate, patterns and factors limiting PTE (Cd, As, Hg) release from grains …

A Critical Evaluation Of Community Rail Policy And Practice During The New Labour Years 2003 - 2010, Andrew Seedhouse

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Seedhouse, Andrew Colin A Critical Evaluation Of Community Rail Policy And Practice During The New Labour Years 2003 - 2010 This thesis examines how the changing governance environments introduced under New Labour compromised or assisted the delivery of the 2004 Community Rail Development Strategy. It considers the origins of Community Rail and the circumstances which led to the adoption of the 2004 Strategy and its content. It explores the wider processes of governance change across multiple scales and the rise of a new neoliberal approach favoured by recent administrations, with particular emphasis of New Labour’s introduction of the Third Way …

Effectiveness Of Moving On: An Australian Designed Generic Self-Management Program For People With A Chronic Illness, A Williams, L Bloomfield, E Milthorpe, D Aspinall, K Filocamo, T Wellsmore, N Manolios, U Jayasinghe, M Harris

Nursing Papers and Journal Articles

Background: This paper presents the evaluation of “Moving On”, a generic self-management program for people with a chronic illness developed by Arthritis NSW. The program aims to help participants identify their need for behavior change and acquire the knowledge and skills to implement changes that promote their health and quality of life.

Method: A prospective pragmatic randomised controlled trial involving two group programs in community settings: the intervention program (Moving On) and a control program (light physical activity). Participants were recruited by primary health care providers across the north-west region of metropolitan Sydney, Australia between June 2009 and October 2010. …

The Poverty Defense, Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

Poverty is correlated with crime, but it is widely assumed that it should not be a defense. In the 1970s, Judge David Bazelon challenged this assumption, proposing a rotten social background defense, that is, how growing up under circumstances of severe deprivation can subsequently impact a criminal defendant's mental state and actions. Relatedly, other theorists have posited that poverty should be a defense to crime based on poverty's coercive aspects or because society forfeits its right to condemn when it tolerates significant economic inequality. Critics counter that a poverty defense should not be adopted because it is not only inconsistent …

The Maryland Legal Aid Bureau: Decades Of Service And Reform, José F. Anderson

All Faculty Scholarship

In a legal and judicial career that spans nearly five decades, few issues have affected retiring Chief Judge Robert Mack Bell more than access for the poor to civil justice. As a student at Harvard University in the late 1960s, he would work at the Boston Legal Aid Society. As a young lawyer at a prominent Baltimore law firm, he did community and poverty law work and impressed his colleagues as one "committed to the use of the law not only to serve his clients, but also to improve society. The zeal of Chief Judge Bell for supporting access to …

Maryland's Family Divisions: Sensible Justice For Families And Children, Barbara A. Babb

All Faculty Scholarship

In January 1998, the judges of the Court of Appeals of Maryland signed Rule 16-204 and formally launched the process of family justice system reform in Maryland. During the ensuing fifteen years, Maryland became a national model in this area. These changes and improvements occurred largely because of the inspirational leadership of Chief Judge Robert M. Bell, a man owed a debt of gratitude by everyone involved in family law proceedings, including families, children, attorneys, judges, court personnel, and services providers, among others.

This Tribute honors Chief Judge Bell by contextualizing the enormity of the process and outcomes resulting from …

Costs Of No Codes, James Maxeiner

All Faculty Scholarship

Codification is a ubiquitous feature of modern legal systems. Codes are hailed as tools for making law more convenient to find and to apply than law found in court precedents or in ordinary statutes. Codes are commonplace in most countries. The United States is anomalous. It does not have true codes. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when many countries adopted systematic civil, criminal and procedural codes, the United States considered, but did not adopt such codes.

This Article discusses the absence of codes in American law, identifies American substitutes for codes, relates the history of attempts to create …

Developing Systemically-Oriented Secondary Care Mental Health Servicess, Frank Robert Burbach

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Research has indicated that offering support and services for people who experience mental health problems and their families is a complex and contested area. Despite the controversies surrounding therapeutic interventions with families, it has now been recognised that relatives and other supporters of people with mental health problems should be included in their care. Whole- family interventions and partnership working with carers and families is now central to secondary care UK mental health policies and clinical practice guidelines. However, for many families/ carers this remains an aspiration rather than a reality. The way in which we successfully developed family focused …

Personal Budgets For All? An Action Research Study On Implementing Self-Directed Support In Mental Health Services, Sherrie Hitchen

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Background: The recent political agenda for health and social care requires more client-centred, personalised services. Self-Directed Support, encompassing Direct Payments and Personal Budgets, is designed to provide people with more choice and control over how their needs and outcomes are met. Personal budgets are available for eligible people however take-up is low in mental health services. Research Aims: The study was set in an NHS Health and Social care Trust covering a large predominantly rural area.The aims of this study were: (1) to develop Self-Directed Support within one mental health Trust and; (2) understand more fully service user and carer …

Clinical Reasoning And Causal Attribution In Medical Diagnosis, Linda Adams

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Forming a medical diagnosis is a complicated reasoning process undertaken by physicians. Although there has been much research focusing on clinical reasoning approaches, there is limited empirical evidence in relation to causal attribution in medical diagnosis. The research on which this thesis is based explored and examined the social process of medical diagnosis and provides an explanation of the clinical reasoning and causal attribution used by physicians. The research was undertaken in an Emergency Department within an acute hospital, the data were collected using mixed method approach including one to one semi-structured interviews with individual physicians; observation of their medical …

The Adoption Of Disabled Children, Sarah Bunt

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The research has set out to examine the motives that contribute towards the decision to adopt a disabled child. Increased knowledge about placing disabled children for adoption is particularly important as they are regarded as the category hardest to place (Adoption Register 2009). Despite the wide gaps in knowledge, the negativity associated with the social construction of disability has been seen as a cause of disabled children’s disadvantage (Cousins 2009). Synthesising a Critical Realist framework with Grounded Theory methods; to examine both the efforts of local authorities to place a disabled child for adoption, as well as the narratives of …

Mechanisms By Which Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy May Resolve Inflammation In Chronic Wounds, Anwar J Al-Mzaiel

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is the intermittent inhalation of 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute. It is an effective treatment for various inflammatory conditions, including chronic wounds which are characterized by an excessive influx of neutrophils and their prolonged persistence at the wound site. Neutrophil apoptosis and clearance have been shown to be required for resolution of inflammation. The mechanisms by which HBO aids wound healing are well documented, but its effects on cellular inflammatory response are not well understood particularly with respect to neutrophils. The hypothesis presented in this thesis is that increased oxygenation via …

Protective Effects Of Peri-Menopausal Oestrogen Replacement: A Test Of The Critical Period Hypothesis, Sophie Anastasia Rebecca Pettit

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Oestrogen decline during the menopause leads to decline in cognitive performance because oestrogen receptor sites are found in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the female brain, areas associated with memory and attention functions. Extensive research over the past two decades has tested the effects of administering Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) to maintain oestrogen levels. MRI studies have shown improvements in hippocampal volume and frontal functions with HRT, but evidence for associated improvements in verbal memory performance has been mixed. Some studies have even found detrimental effects of HRT, leading to the suggestion of a critical period for HRT administration …

Making Heat Visible: Improving Household Heat Efficiency Through Thermal Images., Julie A Goodhew

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Energy is largely invisible to users. It has been argued that employing technologies to visualise energy will assist people in conserving energy. Energy visibility interventions have largely focussed on appliance use and electricity consumption. This thesis aims to firstly explore whether making heat visible, using thermal images, promotes heat (and thereby energy) conservation. Secondly using a multiple method approach, it explores how. Five studies were employed. Study One and Three investigated whether using thermal images as a tailored antecedent intervention would promote energy conservation behaviours. The results confirmed that the images led to a reduction in Kg CO2 emissions attributed …

The Processing Of Accented Speech, Hester Elizabeth Sarah Duffy

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis examines the processing of accented speech in both infants and adults. Accents provide a natural and reasonably consistent form of inter-speaker variation in the speech signal, but it is not yet clear exactly what processes are used to normalise this form of variation, or when and how those processes develop. Two adult studies use ERP data to examine differences between the online processing of regional- and foreign-accented speech as compared to a baseline consisting of the listeners’ home accent. These studies demonstrate that the two types of accents recruit normalisation processes which are qualitatively, and not just quantitatively, …

Mesofaunal Recolonisation Of Degraded Soils, Jennifer Williams

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The degradation of soil quality due to anthropogenic causes is globally important, both in terms of ecosystem services and ecological biodiversity. Soil quality reduction is stated to be detrimental for population densities and species diversity of soil invertebrates, including the mesofauna (Acari and Collembola). Within the soil food web, mesofauna occupy several trophic levels and as such facilitate nutrient turnover, fulfilling vital ecosystem functions and services. Understanding soil invertebrate population dynamics not only during degradation, but equally upon ecosystem restoration, is vital to identify possible losses or benefits to healthy ecosystem functioning. Prior to this investigation the Highfield site, Rothamsted …

Cymodocea Nodosa As A Bioindicator Of Coastal Habitat Quality: An Integrative Approach From Organism To Community Scale., Vasillis Papathanasiou

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has encouraged considerable research on the development of water quality bioindicators. Seagrasses, that are highly sensitive to direct and indirect anthropogenic stress, and specified as quality elements from the WFD, have been at the center of this effort. In this study the use of Cymodocea nodosa, a widely distributed angiosperm in the Mediterranean Sea, as a bioindicator of anthropogenic stress was tested. Key biotic features of two meadows growing in locations of contrasting ecological status in the N. Aegean Sea, Greece, were sampled and analysed following a hierarchical designed approach. Plants from the degraded …

An Investigation Into The Effects Of Traditional Neuromuscular Training Vs Rider Specific Training On Novice Rider Position, Eleanor Boden

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The equine industry and within it, the competition rider community, is increasingly acknowledging that rider strength and fitness is vital in achieving the best results in competition. The sport of horse riding is described as unique in its posture and motion patterns and cannot be easily be compared to the actions of any other athletic endeavour. There are several factors that cause a horse to not move correctly, the most common being an unbalanced rider. Other sporting disciplines are more aware of the potential of the utilisation of additional methods to improve performance, for example Pilates is commonly used to …

Long-Chain Fatty Acids And Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Pancreatic Beta-Cells: The Role Of Protein Kinase R (Pkr), Angie Cooper

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health-care and economic burden. Obesity is a risk factor for developing T2D, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. However, mechanisms such as lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation are becoming increasingly well-recognised in obesity, and may underlie the development and progression of T2D. A central player in these mechanisms is Protein Kinase R (PKR), proposed to have a role within nutrient- and pathogen-sensing pathways, and is activated by ER stress and lipotoxicity. A small molecule inhibitor Compound-16, adenoviral vectors and RNAi techniques in BRIN-BD11 rodent pancreatic β-cells, were used to …

Investigating The Role Of Counterfactual Thinking In The Excess Choice Effect, Rebecca Jayne Hafner

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

According to economic rational choice theory greater choice will deliver well-being by increasing the likelihood that individuals satisfy personal preferences (Mas-Colell, Whinston, & Green, 1995). Consequently, extensive choice has become a fundamental aspect of both consumer markets and public policy (Schwartz, 2000; 2004; Botti & Iyengar, 2006). Crucially however, recent psychological research has begun to challenge the assumption that more choice leads to greater well-being. In several instances evidence has been found that whilst some choice is good, more choice can lead to reduced post-decisional satisfaction (e.g. Iyengar & Lepper, 2000; Shar & Wolford, 2007; Reutskaja & Hogarth, 2009). This …

The Effects Of Ageing, Individual Differences And Limited Resources On Consumer Decision Making, Jennifer Marie Kerss

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis presents six original experiments investigating the relationship between age-related gains and losses in cognitive and emotional abilities and consumer decision making. Novel tasks designed to closely resemble real consumer decisions were used to assess how older and younger adults fare when making everyday decisions. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the relationship between consumer decision making and measures of fluid intelligence, crystallised intelligence and numeric ability in older and younger adults. The data revealed that numeric ability and fluid intelligence independently predicted consumer decision making in older adults. In Experiment 1, participants made factual and inferential decisions about utility …