Digital Commons Network^™

Shifting Diversity Perspectives And New Avenues For Representative Bureaucracy, Nicole M. Elias

Publications and Research

This work explores the meaning of diversity for bureaucratic representation. In light of the United States becoming an increasingly racially and ethnically diverse society, attitudes and approaches toward diversity are likewise shifting. It is important to consider the way we think and talk about diverse representation, which in turn, contributes to different actions and policies within federal agencies. To evaluate this process of meaning-making, federal policy seeking to increase representation in the following Executive Orders: 13078, 13163, 13171, 13518, 13548, and 13585 is analyzed. Prime emphasis is devoted to the most recent and comprehensive efforts, Executive Order 13583: Establishing a …

Joint Utility Of Event- Dependent And Environmental Crime Analysis Techniques For Violent Crime Forecasting, Joel M. Caplan, Leslie W. Kennedy, Eric L. Piza

Publications and Research

Violent crime incidents occurring in Irvington, New Jersey, in 2007 and 2008 are used to assess the joint analytical capabilities of point pattern analysis, hotspot mapping, near-repeat analysis, and risk terrain modeling. One approach to crime analysis suggests that the best way to predict future crime occurrence is to use past behavior, such as actual incidents or collections of incidents, as indicators of future behavior. An alternative approach is to consider the environment in which crimes occur and identify features of the landscape that would be conducive to crime. Thanks to advances in geographic information system technology and federally funded …

Table Of Contents

Journal of Strategic Security

No abstract provided.

The Geography Of International Terrorism: An Introduction To Spaces And Places Of Violent Non-State Groups. By Richard M. Medina And George F. Hepner. Boca Raton, Fl: Crc Press, 2013. Isbn 978-1-4398-8686-1. Maps. Photographs. Sources Cite. Index. Pp. Xiii, 244. $79.95., Mark Roberts

Journal of Strategic Security

No abstract provided.

Economics And/Of Science: The Meaning(S) Of Financial Bias And The Ideal Of Interest-Free Science In Law, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

Images of scientific research and funding conventions are important in legal contexts when, for example, a trial judge or agency administrator evaluates the integrity of a scientific expert or risk assessment report — is industry affiliation or sponsorship of research a marker of bias, and should the results of “independent” research be given greater weight? In the discourse concerning the commercialization of science, there is a geography of positions reflecting different images of how science is affected by, or alternatively rises above, financial or economic pressures or entanglements. Of course, science costs and has always cost a lot of money, …

Systems And Image Database Resources For Uav Search And Rescue Applications, David Christopher Macke Jr.

Masters Theses

"Aerial search and rescue applications using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can incorporate image processing technologies to locate targets faster and with a higher degree of accuracy. The task of developing such systems involves the development of both hardware and software components. Examples of both hardware and software approaches in the design process for an aerial imaging system are shown for small UAV applications. This project contains resources to help facilitate the incorporation of UAV applications into educational ventures and design projects. A power supply design is done for a lightweight imaging system and a large database of aerial images is …

The Use Of Passive Seismological Imaging In Speleogenetic Studies; An Example From Kanaan Cave, Lebanon, Carole Nehme, Christophe Voisin, Armand Mariscal, Pierre-Charles Gérard, Cécile Cornou, Badr Jabbour-Gédéon, Samer Amhaz, Nancy Salloum, Nada Badaro-Saliba, Jocelyne Adjizian-Gérard, Jean-Jacques Delannoy

International Journal of Speleology

Among many parameters that control the evolution of caves stands the volume of unconsolidated clay sediments generally produced by the alteration of the calcareous rocks. Here we introduce the use of a passive seismological imaging technique to investigate the clay deposits and estimate its total volume in a cave. Applied for the first time for speleogenesis studies, the HVSR (Horizontal / Vertical Spectral Ration) is a geophysical technique that can help better interpret cave geomorphology. We apply seismological spectral techniques (H/V ratio) on ambient noise vibrations to derive the clay volume, as well as its shape. This technique applied on …

Appropriate Terminology For Karst-Like Phenomena: The Problem With ‘Pseudokarst’, Rolan S. Eberhard, Chris Sharples

International Journal of Speleology

The practice of referring to certain morphologically karst-like phenomena as ‘pseudokarst’ is problematic, because it ignores basic principles of sound classification, logical naming conventions and accepted geomorphic classifications and terminology. These problems have compounded the difficulty in establishing an accepted classification of ‘pseudokarst’ types. The practice embodies a karst-centric perspective which should be avoided in favour of using conventional geomorphic terminology for non-karstic features. We illustrate this by providing existing conventional terms for many ‘pseudokarst’ types reported in the literature.

A Model For The Formation Of Layered Soda-Straw Stalactites, Bence Paul, Russell Drysdale, Helen Green, Jon Woodhead, John Hellstrom, Rolan Eberhard

International Journal of Speleology

Climate records based upon instrumental data such as rainfall measurements are usually only available for approximately the last 150 years at most. To fully investigate decadal-scale climate variation, however, these records must be extended by the use of climate proxies. Soda-straw stalactites (straws) are a previously under-utilised potential source of such data. In this contribution we investigate the structure and formation of straws and look at some issues that may affect the reliability of straw-based palaeoclimate records. We use laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) trace element analysis to document surface contamination features that have the potential to obscure annual …

On Danish-American Cultural Identity, Signe Sloth

The Bridge

In 1967 an article was published which kick-started a discussion that is still going on among sociologists today. The subject of the article is American civil religion and the writer is the American sociologist Robert Bellah who claims that every nation and every people has a religious self-understanding. He advocates an American civil religion that is separated from other denominations and established religious institutions, but just like them demands recognition and understanding. Bellah defines this Civil Religion as " ... A genuine apprehension of universal and transcendental religious reality as seen in or . . . as revealed through the …

A High Seas Requirement For Inciters And Intentional Facilitators Of Piracy Jure Gentium And Its (Lack Of) Implications For Impunity, Jonathan Bellish

San Diego International Law Journal

Around 2005, maritime piracy made a troubling resurgence three quarters of a century after a consensus had been reached that the age of piracy had permanently ended. Yet piracy returned in a slightly different form, with pirates relying more on land-based facilitators than their historical counterparts. Maritime piracy’s reappearance made ripe for consideration the question of whether a facilitator of maritime piracy must be physically present on the high seas while facilitating in order to be subject to universal jurisdiction. This Article undertakes an analysis of the text, statutory context, history, and policy impetus behind UNCLOS art. 101 as it …

Community-Scale Renewable Energy, Hannah J. Wiseman, Sara C. Bronin

San Diego Journal of Climate & Energy Law

At the outset, we should recognize the types of renewable energy that are best suited for community-scale facilities. A broad, and commonly accepted, definition of renewable energy comes from the Energy Information Administration, which includes all resources that “are naturally replenishing but flow-limited,” including “biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean thermal, wave action, and tidal action.” Of these types of renewable energy, solar and wind have the highest potential for community-scale implementation. Indeed, these have tended to dominate the community-scale renewable projects already in place. Moreover, states commonly subsidize both large-scale and individual-scale solar and wind developments; these subsidies may …

A History Of Sea Ice In The Cenzoic Arctic Ocean, Cristin Ashmankas

Open Access Master's Theses

The body of this work focuses on the use and revelations of grain size distributions combined with age models and physical properties of sediments, expanding our understanding of the central Arctic Ocean in the Cenozoic Era. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program’s (IODP) Expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), recovered sediment cores from the Lomonosov Ridge, providing the most extensive geologic record of the region ever recovered. This record provides the first opportunity for scientists to directly determine the paleo- ice history of the region, one of high importance to understanding global climate.

Grain size distribution analyses reveal a more consistent …

Future Digital Advertising Trends: Finding A Balance Between Privacy And Personalization, Madison L. Shove

Scripps Senior Theses

As consumers spend more and more time online and using mobile devices, they leave an extensive data trail that can be captured; that information can be used to their benefit but might also be perceived as invasive. Technology advancements, such as data mining, are becoming more sophisticated and are delivering detailed personal information to the advertiser. Retailers, both off and online, such as Target, Safeway, and Amazon, will be inclined to maximize their sales by manipulating the data and targeting individuals. This has not always been the case—in the last twenty years advertising has shifted dramatically with the advent of …

Policing, Protestors, And Discretion, Alafair Burke

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

An essay is presented on protestors' policing and police discretion in enforcing criminal law against protestors. It offers a history of Occupy Wall Street or Occupy protests, which reflects upon the unlawful actions of the New York Police Department (NYPD). It also sheds light on the impact of discretion in the policing of protests, with special focus on both overenforcement and underenforcement of criminal law.

Techno- Economic Analysis Of Wastewater Biosolids Gasification, Jason M. Porter, Nick Lumley, Robert Braun, Tzahi Cath, Ana Prietro, Dotti Ramey, Greta Buschmann

Faculty Publications

Wastewater treatment biosolids, commonly referred to as sludge, is a dilute suspension of micro-organisms, noxious organic matter, and mineral species in up to 99% water. Sludge is produced at about 250 mg/L of mixed municipal and light industrial wastewater treated. Management of this process stream can present a financial and environmental challenge for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), accounting for up to 15% of plant energy consumption. Operators of small urban WWTPs see the greatest challenge as their operations do not benefit from economies of scale, which permit larger facilities to absorb the costs or footprint of anaerobic digestion. This work …

The Edition, 20th Of November, 2013, Dit News Society

Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Situated Learning In Architecture And Planning: The Pedagogic Benefits To Practitioners And The Improvement Of Place., Simon Bradbury, Bob Brown, Nick Pratt, Christopher Balch, Efthimiou Papaefthimiou

School of Art, Design and Architecture

No abstract provided.

Energy Productivity And Efficiency Of Maize Accounting For The Choice Of Growing Season And Environmental Factors: An Empirical Analysis From Bangladesh, S Rahman, Ms Rahman

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The paper evaluates sustainability of maize cultivation in Bangladesh in terms of energy use while taking into account factors affecting choice of the growing season and farmers' production environment using a sample selection framework applied to stochastic frontier models. Results reveal that the probability of growing winter maize is influenced positively by gross return, irrigation, subsistence pressure, soil suitability and temperature variability whereas extension contact influences choice negatively. Significant differences exist between winter and summer maize regarding yield, specific energy, net energy balance, energy use efficiency and technical energy efficiency although both systems are highly sustainable and efficient. The energy …

Decomposition Of Ireland’S Carbon Emissions From 1990-2010: An Extended Kaya Identity, Tadhg O'Mahony

Articles

In recent decades, Ireland has been an important example of a development pathway where rapid economic growth was accompanied by rising energy demand and increasing carbon emissions. Understanding the driving forces of carbon emissions is necessary for policy formulation and decomposition analysis is widely used for this purpose. This study uses an extended Kaya identity as the scheme and applies the log mean Divisia index (LMDI I) as the decomposition technique. Change in carbon emissions is decomposed from 1990 – 2010 and includes a measure of the effect of renewable energy penetration. Results illustrate that scale effects of affluence and …

Determining "Best Practice" Methodologies In The Pedagogy Of Tourism Related Fieldwork., Kevin A. Griffin

Other resources

This project explores issues around the practice of fieldwork related activity which is undertaken as a teaching and learning methodology in third-level education. The main focus in this project is to glean best practice examples from colleagues who undertake fieldwork in the broad area of Tourism education (encompassing hospitality, leisure and event management), but also related disciplines of Geography and Business/Management. Having initially scoped out the available literature and explored the topic in strategic interviews with colleagues (Irish and international), it appeared that very little work has been undertaken heretofore on the particular angle being investigated – that of planning …

Exploring The Motivations For Cooperation Among Rural Tourism Entrepreneurs, Ziene Mottiar

Conference papers

No abstract provided.

Legal, Technical, And Economic Challenges In Integrating Renewable Power Generation Into The Electricity Grid, Timothy P. Duane, Kiran H. Griffith

San Diego Journal of Climate & Energy Law

This Article addresses the legal, technical, and economic challenges of integrating high levels of renewable power generation into electrical grid system operation. Part II shows that the primary integration challenge is reducing the total costs of integration and allocating the costs of integration in a hybrid regulatory structure, which presents different institutional impediments than traditional cost-of-service ratemaking or rate-of-return regulation. We demonstrate that the primary impediment to improved integration is a failure to make the critical policy choice about how such costs will be allocated. Part III describes and analyzes the BPA-wind dispute in order to evaluate the adequacy of …

Playing By New Rules: Board Games And America's Cold War Culture, 1945-1965, Matthew John Sprengeler

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This thesis examines the domestic culture of the United States during the first two decades of the Cold War, using popular games as an interpretive tool to expand our understanding of the changes that took place. Four board games which were popular during the 1950s – Scrabble, chess, Clue, and Risk – explain some of the anxieties and evolutions in mass culture. Scrabble illustrated the nation's growing respect for expertise and, along with game theory, the hope for intellectual solutions to the country's problems. Chess, often seen as a symbol of the Cold War, served as a proxy battlefield for …

Population Genetics Of Thomomydoecus Minor: Ectoparasitic Chewing Lice On Thomomys Bottae Pocket Gophers Of The Rio Grande Valley In New Mexico, Sheree Elizabeth Harper

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Thomomydoecus minor is an ectoparasitic chewing louse that lives in intimate association with the pocket gopher Thomomys bottae. Chewing lice are wingless, obligate, host specific parasites that spend their entire life cycle on the fur of their host. Pocket gophers are fossorial and asocial, cut off for most of their lives even from members of their own species. Thus, the life histories of both chewing lice and pocket gophers have been predicted to limit transmission of lice from host to host, thus limiting gene flow among louse infrapopulations found on different hosts and increasing the effect of louse population …

From Saeter To Sod: Single Women Homesteaders Of Norwegian Descent Farming Their Land In Dakota Territory, 1862-1929, Sara Marie Skindelien

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

On May 20, 1862 Congress signed into effect the Homestead Act which provided 160 acres of surveyed government land to any citizen over the age of twenty-one and who was a head of household. One of the most historical aspects of this act was that it allowed single women the opportunity to own land. Not only were native-born women taking advantage of such a lucrative offer, but the women of Norway saw just the opening they needed to venture out on their own. They joined thousands of their countrymen across the Atlantic to find a bit of land where they …

"I Can't Just Turn Over My Daughter And Let It Be": Black Mothers And The Racial Socialization Of Their Daughters Attending White Schools, Chasity Bailey-Fakhoury

Wayne State University Dissertations

"I CAN'T JUST TURN OVER MY DAUGHTER AND LET IT BE":

BLACK MOTHERS AND THE RACIAL SOCIALIZATION OF THEIR DAUGHTERS ATTENDING WHITE SCHOOLS

by

CHASITY YASHICA BAILEY-FAKHOURY

August 2013

Advisor: Dr. Heather E. Dillaway

Major: Sociology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Studies of parental racial socialization and racial identity development have tended to focus on urban, lower-income African American parents and their adolescent or early adulthood children. Findings emanating from these studies are then extrapolated to all African Americans. Disregarding within group differences produces gaps in our knowledge. This mixed-methods study pushes the research further by investigating the approaches suburban, middle-class …

Phylogeography Of Notropis Nubilus (Ozark Minnow), Jason F. Dugan

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Periodic glacial cycles beginning 2.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago forced the repeated contraction, fragmentation, and expansion of the North American biota. In the upper Mississippi River basin three very different areas characterize the topography left by glaciations and still and influence the flora and fauna: Driftless Area, Paleozoic Plateau, and Iowan Surface. The Paleozoic Plateau is located in the northern part of the upper Mississippi River basin, and it is a unique geographical region situated in an area that straddles northeast Iowa, southeastern Minnesota, southwest Wisconsin, and northwest Illinois. This region was bypassed by the last glacial …

Asia Pacific Perspectives Vol. 11 No. 1, August 2013, University Of San Francisco

Asia Pacific Perspectives

Contents:

Editor's Note by John Nelson and Dayna Barnes

Languages of Human Rights in Timor-Leste by David Webster

This paper examines the historical process by which Timorese embraced the language of human rights, and their transnational support networks as diffusion belts for “rights talk.” It argues for a two-way understanding of rights diffusion, suggesting that Timorese framing of rights have contributed to a global shift towards a wider understanding of human rights as more than simply civil liberties in the Western tradition. Human rights, in other words, is a language that has served the Timorese independence cause, and in turn …

Collaborating To Nowhere: The Imperative Of Government Accountability For Restoring The Chesapeake Bay, Rena I. Steinzor, Shana Jones

Faculty Scholarship

This Article opens with an analysis of why the Chesapeake Bay Program will repeat its past failures unless a reliable mechanism for ensuring accountability is created. It then explains how the independent evaluator should be constructed to make possible the overall success of Bay restoration. Finally, it closes with a rebuttal of the arguments in favor of self--auditing and against independent review.