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2013

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Peeking Through A Frosty Window: Molecular Insights Into The Communities Of Arctic Soil Fungi, Ina Timling Dec 2013

Peeking Through A Frosty Window: Molecular Insights Into The Communities Of Arctic Soil Fungi, Ina Timling

Biological Sciences

Fungi are thought to be one of the most diverse groups of organisms in the Arctic. They drive mineral and energy cycles and influence the occurrence of other organisms as mutualists (mycorrhizae, endophytes, lichens), decomposers and pathogens. Nevertheless, information on fungal biodiversity and distribution patterns in relation to environments across the Arctic is still sparse. Molecular methods were used to examine the diversity and community structures of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with two principal arctic host plants, Salix aretica and Dryas integrifolia, as well as total soil fungal communities of adjacent disturbed and undisturbed areas of patterned-ground features across the …

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Potential Improvements To National Park Service Visitor Surveys And Money Generation Modeling In Alaska, Steve Colt, Ginny Fay, Virgene Hanna Dec 2013

Potential Improvements To National Park Service Visitor Surveys And Money Generation Modeling In Alaska, Steve Colt, Ginny Fay, Virgene Hanna

ISER Reports

This study presents options for improving the use of the Money Generation Model in National Park Service (NPS) land units in Alaska. The Money Generation Model (MGM) is used nationwide to model economic impacts of visitation to public lands, including National Park Units. This analysis identifies potential improvements to the application of the MGM model and visitor survey processes for use in Alaska. Improvements include changes to visitor intercept methods to improve statistical reliability of the sampling process and a more representative sample, changes in the survey instrument to more accurately reflect Alaska visitor travel and expenditure patterns, and better …

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Stat3 Inhibitor Having Anti-Cancer Activity And Methods, James Turkson, Said Sebti, Richard Jove, Andrew D. Hamilton Dec 2013

Stat3 Inhibitor Having Anti-Cancer Activity And Methods, James Turkson, Said Sebti, Richard Jove, Andrew D. Hamilton

USF Patents

A small-molecule Stat3 dimerization inhibitor, S3I-M2001, is described and the dynamics of intracellular processing of activated Stat3 within the context of the biochemical and biological effects of the Stat3 chemical probe inhibitor are elucidated. S3I-M2001 is a newly-identified oxazole-based peptidomimetic of the Stat3 Src Homology (SH) 2 domain-binding phosphotyrosine peptide that selectively disrupts active Stat3:Stat3 dimers. Stat3-dependent malignant transformation, survival, and migration and invasion of mouse and human cancer cells harboring persistently-activated Stat3 were inhibited by S3I-M2001. S3I-M2001 inhibited Stat3-dependent transcriptional regulation of tumor survival genes, such as Bcl-xL. The disclosed compound is useful as a new potential treatment for …

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Bride-Stealing: A Myth Of Misogyny, Seetha Murugesan Dec 2013

Bride-Stealing: A Myth Of Misogyny, Seetha Murugesan

Indigenous Studies

Bride-stealing, an explicit symbolic misogynistic action in The Iliad and The Kamba Ramayanam, is analyzed as a long-term patterned conduct of human behavior among the peoples who produced these works. The systematic pattern of bride stealing found in the epics discussed suggests that within these groups social constructs had always been in favor of female inferiority and subjugation. This places an emphasis on gender as an issue, manifested in the treatment of women by men as "others." The narrations of marginalization of women in the epics lead to a critique of the hypothesis that they are misogynistic. Here a framework …

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A Review Of Oil Spill History And Management On The North Slope Of Alaska, Amanda Davila Dec 2013

A Review Of Oil Spill History And Management On The North Slope Of Alaska, Amanda Davila

Engineering

Alaska has an abundance of natural resources including oil, natural gas and coal. It is critical to minimize the occurrence of oil spills to ensure protection of Alaska's people and the environment. The objective of this project is twofold. One is to provide a quantification of the number of spills on the North Slope (NS) as well as the number of contaminated sites that are generated, describe the regulatory requirements for the Arctic zone, and discuss cleanup methods. Second is to describe the ADEC regulations as they pertain to terrestrial oil spills. The region of study begins north of Alyeska's …

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Effects Of Organohalogen Contaminants On Steller Sea Lion Survival And Female Reproduction In The Russian Far East, Adam Zaleski Dec 2013

Effects Of Organohalogen Contaminants On Steller Sea Lion Survival And Female Reproduction In The Russian Far East, Adam Zaleski

Fisheries

The presence of persistent organohalogen contaminants (OCs) in the habitats of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, may influence reproductive rates and possibly survival. The lack of recovery and the reduction in natality for the western stock has no apparent cause and OCs may be potential contributing factors. Among the most common synthetic OCs measured in marine mammal tissues are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). This project's focus was on the relationship between OCs and the western stock's lack of recovery. A suite of OCs were quantified from 239 hot-branded pups from 2001-2007 at …

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Growth-Increment Formation Using Otoliths And Scales Of Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Brian Michael Walker Dec 2013

Growth-Increment Formation Using Otoliths And Scales Of Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Brian Michael Walker

Fisheries

Freshwater growth of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha influences survival and recruitment to the adult population. Retrospective analysis is used to measure salmon growth at previous ages, with fish size and growth assumed to be accurately reflected by otolith increments and scale circuli. I conducted a 122-d laboratory experiment to validate the relationship among body size, growth, and width to daily otolith growth increments and scale circuli in juvenile stream-type Chinook salmon. Fish total length was found to be proportional to otolith axis length (r² = 0.209, p < 0.001), otolith diameter (r² = 0.667, p < 0.001), and scale radius (r² = 0.538, p < 0.001). Somatic growth was accurately reflected by growth in otolith axis length (r² 0.65, p < 0.001) and growth in scale radius (r² = 0.449, p < 0.001). My study validated the assumption that fish body size and growth are reflected by otolith and scale size and growth- increment formation. The findings of my study can be used to ascertain body size at previous ages, which will help managers detect threshold sizes, examine the strength of size-selective mortality, and determine how growth rate affects smolt migration, early marine survival, and duration of ocean residency.

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The Phylogeography And Population Genetic Structure Of Least Cisco (Coregonus Sardinella) In Alaska, Veronica M. Padula Dec 2013

The Phylogeography And Population Genetic Structure Of Least Cisco (Coregonus Sardinella) In Alaska, Veronica M. Padula

Fisheries

The least cisco (Coregonus sardinella) is a whitefish species broadly distributed across the Arctic regions of Russia, Alaska, and Canada, and little is known about the genetic relationships among groups within this species. We investigated the genetic relationships among least cisco on two landscape scales. On a broader landscape scale, we investigated the relationships among populations across the state of Alaska by comparing mitochondria) DNA (mtDNA) sequences. On a finer landscape scale, we investigated the relationships among least cisco populations in closely located lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain by comparing microsatellite DNA haplotypes. Data from mtDNA suggest that least …

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Seasonal Movement Patterns And Habitat Occupancy Of Kotzebue Region Inconnu, Nicholas J. Smith Dec 2013

Seasonal Movement Patterns And Habitat Occupancy Of Kotzebue Region Inconnu, Nicholas J. Smith

Fisheries

Inconnu Stenodus leucichthys are large, long-lived piscivorous whitefish harvested in subsistence and sport fisheries in Alaska. My study was conducted to describe the seasonal movements and habitat occupancy of inconnu in the Selawik and Kobuk River drainages, Alaska, from 2010 through 2012. Methods consisted of surgically implanting acoustic telemetry tags in 80 fish from both rivers in 2010 and 2011 (n = 320), and deploying a fixed array of 20 Vemco VR2W acoustic receiving stations affixed with archival tags throughout Selawik Lake and Hotham Inlet. Tagged inconnu detections revealed that Selawik and Kobuk River inconnu displayed a high degree of …

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Garnet & Black Winter 2013, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media Dec 2013

Garnet & Black Winter 2013, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

Garnet & Black Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Stat3 Inhibitor Having Anti-Cancer Activity And Methods (Us), James Turkson, Andrew Hamilton, Richard Jove, Said Sebti Dec 2013

Stat3 Inhibitor Having Anti-Cancer Activity And Methods (Us), James Turkson, Andrew Hamilton, Richard Jove, Said Sebti

UCF Patents

A small-molecule Stat3 dimerization inhibitor, S3I-M2001, is described and the dynamics of intracellular processing of activated Stat3 within the context of the biochemical and biological effects of the Stat3 chemical probe inhibitor are elucidated. S3I-M2001 is a newly-identified oxazole-based peptidomimetic of the Stat3 Src Homology (SH) 2 domain-binding phosphotyrosine peptide that selectively disrupts active Stat3:Stat3 dimers. Stat3-dependent malignant transformation, survival, and migration and invasion of mouse and human cancer cells harboring persistently-activated Stat3 were inhibited by S3I-M2001. S3I-M2001 inhibited Stat3-dependent transcriptional regulation of tumor survival genes, such as Bcl-xL. The disclosed compound is useful as a new potential treatment for …

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The Governance Of Wolves In Transboundary Regions: A Triquetrous Study Of Ephemeral Agreements Transcending Sub-National And National Boundaries, Brett M. Parks Dec 2013

The Governance Of Wolves In Transboundary Regions: A Triquetrous Study Of Ephemeral Agreements Transcending Sub-National And National Boundaries, Brett M. Parks

Natural Resources

Contradictory management objectives in adjacent jurisdictions can affect transboundary wolves and their associated socio-ecological systems. Elite interviews and case study methodology were used in this thesis to explore three transboundary wolf management agreements, their effectiveness, and their impacts on wolves, ecosystems and stakeholders. Separate agreements between the State of Alaska and: Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, and Denali National Park and Preserve, and an agreement between Italy and Switzerland show that despite a diversity of socio-ecological contexts, approaches, and hierarchical level of actors, transboundary wolf agreements are prone to ephemerality. The ephemerality of these agreements appears to be due primarily to …

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Soundings 2013-12-17, N/A N/A Dec 2013

Soundings 2013-12-17, N/A N/A

Soundings

No abstract provided.

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Satellite To Model Comparisons Of Volcanic Ash Emissions In The North Pacific, Torge S. Steensen Dec 2013

Satellite To Model Comparisons Of Volcanic Ash Emissions In The North Pacific, Torge S. Steensen

Geosciences

To detect, analyze and predict the movement of volcanic ash in real time, dispersion models and satellite remote sensing data are important. A combination of both approaches is discussed here to enhance the techniques currently used to quantify volcanic ash emissions, based on case studies of the eruptions of the Kasatochi (Alaska, USA, 2008), Mount Redoubt (Alaska, USA, 2009) and Sarychev Peak (Russia, 2009) volcanoes. Results suggest a quantitative approach determining masses from satellite images can be problematic due to uncertainties in knowledge of input values, most importantly the ground surface temperature required in the mass retrieval. Furthermore, a volcanic …

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Seasonal And Interannual Patterns Of Larvaceans And Pteropods In The Coastal Gulf Of Alaska, And Their Relationship To Pink Salmon Survival, Ayla Doubleday Dec 2013

Seasonal And Interannual Patterns Of Larvaceans And Pteropods In The Coastal Gulf Of Alaska, And Their Relationship To Pink Salmon Survival, Ayla Doubleday

Marine Biology

Larvacean (=appendicularians) and pteropod (Limacina helicina) composition and abundance were studied with physical variables each May and late summer across 11 years (2001 to 2011), along one transect that crosses the continental shelf of the subarctic Gulf of Alaska and five stations within Prince William Sound (PWS). Collection with 53-µm plankton nets allowed the identification of larvaceans to species: five occurred in the study area. Temperature was the driving variable in determining larvacean community composition, yielding pronounced differences between spring and late summer, while individual species were also affected differentially by salinity and chlorophyll-a concentration. During the spring Oikopleura labradoriensis …

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Effects Of Environmental Characteristics On The Fish Assemblages Of High Latitude Kelp Forests In South-Central Alaska, Terril P. Efird Dec 2013

Effects Of Environmental Characteristics On The Fish Assemblages Of High Latitude Kelp Forests In South-Central Alaska, Terril P. Efird

Marine Biology

Alaskan kelp forests are patchy habitats, varying greatly in size, physical complexity, and biotic and abiotic characteristics, and are important to fish communities. Patchy habitats often support different communities on patch edges versus interiors, while patch size and physical complexity are typically correlated to the resident community structure. This study quantified the biological and physical heterogeneity within different sized kelp forests and identified which factors are important in structuring the associated fish communities. Fish and habitat surveys were conducted at ten kelp forests of varying sizes. Significantly different fish communities were found at edge compared to interior locations. The relative …

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The Relationships Between Licensed Vocational Nurses' Care, Documentation, And Perceptions Of Dementia-Compromised Behaviors In The Nursing Home, Jennifer J. Yeager Dec 2013

The Relationships Between Licensed Vocational Nurses' Care, Documentation, And Perceptions Of Dementia-Compromised Behaviors In The Nursing Home, Jennifer J. Yeager

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia increase as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias progress; these symptoms occur in as many as 80% of persons with dementia living in nursing homes. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, also known as dementia-compromised behaviors, are a source of stress for nursing home staff, family members, and other residents and adversely affect the quality of life and safety of residents. Ethnonursing, a qualitative research method, was used to examine the relationship between licensed vocational nurses' responses to dementia-compromised behaviors, documentation, and perceptions of dementia care. Data analysis resulted in three overarching themes related to …

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Tattoo Stigma And Job Discrimination, Phil Drazewski Dec 2013

Tattoo Stigma And Job Discrimination, Phil Drazewski

Theses and Dissertations

Recent research (Madera & Hebl, 2011) has found that visible stigmas can lead to discrimination against stigmatized individuals in the form of lower job applicant ratings. Tattooed individuals may be one group that faces such discrimination. People with tattoos are perceived less positively than non-tattooed people (Martin & Dula, 2010; Resenhoeft, Villa, & Wiseman, 2008), which may be the result of a tattoo stigma. Pryor & Reeder (2011) suggested that one hallmark of stigmas is that they evoke implicit negative attitudes. In a pilot study, participants implicitly and explicitly evaluated tattooed and non-tattooed individuals, and a tattoo stigma was supported. …

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The Bg News December 17, 2013, Bowling Green State University Dec 2013

The Bg News December 17, 2013, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. December 17, 2013. Volume 93-Issue 49.

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Enrichment And Training Improve Cognition In Rats With Cortical Malformations, Kyle R. Jenks, Marcella M. Lucas, Ben A. Duffy, Ashlee A. Robbins, Barjor Gimi, Jeremy M. Barry, Rod C. Scott Dec 2013

Enrichment And Training Improve Cognition In Rats With Cortical Malformations, Kyle R. Jenks, Marcella M. Lucas, Ben A. Duffy, Ashlee A. Robbins, Barjor Gimi, Jeremy M. Barry, Rod C. Scott

Dartmouth Scholarship

Children with malformations of cortical development (MCD) frequently have associated cognitive impairments which reduce quality of life. We hypothesized that cognitive deficits associated with MCD can be improved with environmental manipulation or additional training. The E17 methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) exposure model bears many anatomical hallmarks seen in human MCDs as well as similar behavioral and cognitive deficits. We divided control and MAM exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into enriched and non-enriched groups and tested performance in the Morris water maze. Another group similarly divided underwent sociability testing and also underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans pre and post enrichment. A third group …

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Ataam Taikina: Traditional Knowledge And Conservation Ethics In The Yukon River Delta, Alaska, Chad M. Cook Dec 2013

Ataam Taikina: Traditional Knowledge And Conservation Ethics In The Yukon River Delta, Alaska, Chad M. Cook

Arctic and Northern Studies

This research was conducted in collaboration with rural Yup'ik residents of the Yukon River delta region of Alaska. The thesis explores traditional knowledge and conservation ethics among rural Yup'ik residents who continue to maintain active subsistence lifestyles. From the end of July through August of 2012, ethnographic field research was conducted primarily through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, documenting Yup'ik subsistence hunting and fishing practices. Research participants invited me beluga whale hunting, seal hunting, moose hunting, commercial and subsistence fishing, gathering berries, and a variety of other activities that highlights local Yup'ik environmental knowledge, practices, and ethics. Through firsthand examples …

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Improving The Renovation, Repair And Painting Training Course To Eliminate Childhood Lead Poisonings: Wisconsin Observations, Anke M. Hildebrandt Dec 2013

Improving The Renovation, Repair And Painting Training Course To Eliminate Childhood Lead Poisonings: Wisconsin Observations, Anke M. Hildebrandt

Arctic and Northern Studies

In 2011, I worked briefly with the Asbestos and Lead Program for the State of Wisconsin. It was my job to conduct audits of our training providers as well as on-site inspections of work sites. During my time there I discovered a real disconnect between what I saw in the field and what is taught in class. Wisconsin has its own lead rules that are more stringent than the EPA's. After taking a critical look at the EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule (RRP) curriculum, I saw where the problems lay. The required hands-on training does not present the skills …

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Analysis Of An Oscillating Plate Coupled With Fluid, Michael J. Nash Dec 2013

Analysis Of An Oscillating Plate Coupled With Fluid, Michael J. Nash

Engineering

The mechanical vibration of an oscillating cantilever plate is studied to determine the interaction of a plate coupled with air and with water. Experimental data was collected and analyzed using multiple methods including Fast Fourier Transform, wavelet analysis, and the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) to characterize the behavior of the plate. The HHT is able to process nonlinear and nonstationary signals and provides more meaningful information compared to the traditionally used Fourier transform for similar applications. The HHT was found to be appropriate and more descriptive for the analysis of coupled fluid-structure systems. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) was also used …

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Re-Storing The Earth: A Phenomenological Study Of Living Sustainably, Jessica B. Buckley Dec 2013

Re-Storing The Earth: A Phenomenological Study Of Living Sustainably, Jessica B. Buckley

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Living sustainably evokes ideas of lived, bodily engagement with and perception of the earth. Yet, modern ways of thinking and speaking have slowly alienated the earth from consciousness. Using phenomenological methods, the author examines the experience of living sustainably, exploring her own background and the idea of restoring the earth to consciousness, before examining the lives of two students dedicated to living sustainably. Components of upholding the earth, in-volving humanity, perceiving differences in studying and embodying sustainability, and engaging in choices fill the experience of living sustainably.

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Aspen Leaf Miner (Phyllocnistis Populiella) Oviposition Site Preference Mediated By Expression Of Extrafloral Nectaries, Russell Dennis Dec 2013

Aspen Leaf Miner (Phyllocnistis Populiella) Oviposition Site Preference Mediated By Expression Of Extrafloral Nectaries, Russell Dennis

Biological Sciences

As herbivorous insects choose where to lay their eggs, maximizing larval performance (optimal oviposition) may be at odds with adult foraging (optimal foraging). Aspen leaf miners (Phyllocnistis populiella; ALM) choose between leaves with or without extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) as oviposition sites on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Reduced ALM mining on leaves with EFNs may be linked to predators that defend leaves and feed at EFNs, and to increased concentrations of secondary leaf compounds. However, direct responses of adult ALM to EFN expression may also explain differences in ALM mining among leaves with and without EFNs. ALM might be less …

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Foxes And Food Subsidies: Anthropogenic Food Use By Red And Arctic Foxes, And Effects On Arctic Fox Survival, On The Arctic Coastal Plain Of Alaska, Garrett Savory Dec 2013

Foxes And Food Subsidies: Anthropogenic Food Use By Red And Arctic Foxes, And Effects On Arctic Fox Survival, On The Arctic Coastal Plain Of Alaska, Garrett Savory

Biological Sciences

Food subsidies have the potential to impact wildlife on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) expanded their range into Arctic regions during the 20th century, and the availability of anthropogenic foods may have contributed to their success and persistence in the Arctic. Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus (L., 1758)) are also known to forage on anthropogenic foods in Prudhoe Bay and to forage on marine mammals on the sea ice, but it is unknown whether these strategies benefit survival of Arctic foxes. This thesis examined: 1) the importance of anthropogenic foods to the diets of …

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Habitat Associations, Distribution, And Abundance Of Smith's Longspur (Calcarius Pictus), An Uncommon Species Of Concern In The Brooks Range, Alaska, Teri Corvus Wild Dec 2013

Habitat Associations, Distribution, And Abundance Of Smith's Longspur (Calcarius Pictus), An Uncommon Species Of Concern In The Brooks Range, Alaska, Teri Corvus Wild

Biological Sciences

Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) is a species of conservation concern in the U.S. and Canada, yet few studies have been conducted on their breeding grounds in the Arctic, which are expected to undergo dramatic changes due to climate change. For effective conservation, we need information on breeding distribution and abundance; thus I conducted surveys for Smith's Longspur and habitat characteristics across a broad geographic range that included twelve sites within Alaska's Brooks Range, June 2003-2009. My main objectives were to (1) locate breeding populations (2) describe habitats at local and broader geographic scales, (3) develop a predictive distribution map based …

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Causes And Consequences Of Geophagy In Snowshoe Hares (Lepus Americanus), An Important Generalist Herbivore Of The Boreal Forest, Suzanne Worker Dec 2013

Causes And Consequences Of Geophagy In Snowshoe Hares (Lepus Americanus), An Important Generalist Herbivore Of The Boreal Forest, Suzanne Worker

Biological Sciences

Geophagy, the consumption of mineral soil, is believed to have several benefits for herbivores. Soils high in clay are often implicated in the detoxification of plant secondary metabolites. High mineral concentrations in soils may also provide nutrients that are poorly available from plants. Local observers report that snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) use a lick in the foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska. Using soil from this lick and other mineral supplements, I conducted a series of feeding trials on captive snowshoe hares fed felt-leaf willow (Salix alaxensis) or a formulated ration to determine whether geophagy resulted in a physiological benefit …

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Ecological Drivers Of Mercury Accumulation In Threespine Stickleback Fish, James J. Willacker Dec 2013

Ecological Drivers Of Mercury Accumulation In Threespine Stickleback Fish, James J. Willacker

Biological Sciences

I utilized the ecological diversity displayed in the Cook Inlet adaptive radiation of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus species complex, hereafter 'stickleback') to examine the drivers of intra- and inter-population variation in total mercury (THg) concentrations. I examined the importance of sex, trophic position (TP), and habitat-specific foraging (measured as the proportion of the diet derived from benthic sources; a) in stickleback from Benka Lake, Alaska, a lake with both benthic and limnetic ecotypes. The results demonstrate that both sex and habitat-specific foraging are important determinants of THg concentrations in this threespine stickleback population. Specifically, male stickleback and stickleback foraging in …

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Modeling Winter Severity And Harvest Of Moose: Impacts Of Nutrition And Predation, Cameron Jewett Carroll Dec 2013

Modeling Winter Severity And Harvest Of Moose: Impacts Of Nutrition And Predation, Cameron Jewett Carroll

Biological Sciences

Climate change is expected to have both positive and negative impacts on northern ungulate populations. Moose (Alces alces) will likely benefit from an increase in the growing season length and frequency of wildfire. However, increases in extreme weather events may result in moose population declines, particularly for nutritionally stressed moose populations. Management strategies to reduce the nutritional stress of populations may become increasingly important. We used stage-structured population models to examine the impact of deep-snow events on moose population trajectories and evaluated female harvest strategies designed to mitigate nutritional stress by decreasing intraspecific competition. Population trajectories were primarily influenced by …

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