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2012

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The Behavior And Toxicity Of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Aqueous Solution, Phenny Mwaanga Dec 2012

The Behavior And Toxicity Of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Aqueous Solution, Phenny Mwaanga

All Dissertations

The dissolution and aggregation of metal oxides nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution not only alter the abundance and toxicology of NPs, but also makes the effective assessment and the correct interpretation of effects of NPs on organisms challenging. The extent to which these processes (dissolution and aggregation) occur largely depend on pH, ionic strength, dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) and NPs characteristics. This study investigated the dissolution and aggregation behavior of the four metal oxide NPs (nZnO, nCuO, nFe2O3 and nTiO2) in aqueous solution as influenced by pH, ionic strength and NOM and examined the toxicity of these NPs to …

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Dynamic And Static Effects In Wetting Of Capillaries And Fibers, Taras Andrukh Dec 2012

Dynamic And Static Effects In Wetting Of Capillaries And Fibers, Taras Andrukh

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This research is centered on the analysis of static and dynamic effects of wetting of single capillaries and fibers. We discuss specifics of the capillary rise and drop-on-fiber techniques and develop new methods of characterization of surface energy of single fibers when its contact angle varies between zero and ninety degrees. The contact angles were evaluated and compared for different substrates. We study the dynamics of the meniscus formation inside and outside of capillaries and fibers. We develop a mathematical model of liquid uptake by capillaries and analyze the factors affecting liquid uptake. The derived fundamental equation describes the dynamics …

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Fate And Reactivity Of Natural And Manufactured Nanoparticles In Soil/Water Environments, Allison Vandevoort Dec 2012

Fate And Reactivity Of Natural And Manufactured Nanoparticles In Soil/Water Environments, Allison Vandevoort

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Nanoparticles (NPs), < 100 nm in diameter, make up the smallest component of solid material. This small size often causes increased reactivity in soil/water environments, which is true for both natural NPs, such as very fine clay particles, and for manufactured nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). As the importance of these particles is more widely recognized, and as manufactured nanoparticles, especially AgNPs, are increasing in production, it is essential to consider their effect on terrestrial and aquatic environments. The studies presented in this dissertation show that both the physicochemical characteristics of the NPs (e.g., particle size, surface coating, elemental composition), as well as soil-water interfacial chemistry (e.g., ionic strength, ligand concentration, pH), are instrumental in predicting environmental fate and reactivity.
Ligand type and concentration were especially important in NP reactivity and bioavailability. Using the hard/soft acid/base concept, the effect of phosphate ligand (hard base) on Fe/Al (hard acid) oxyhydroxide natural NPs was investigated in Chapters 2 and 3. Adding phosphate to soil NPs and reference nano-minerals (Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides and kaolinite) caused coagulation or dispersion, changing the particle size of the NPs, as well as affecting the amount of phosphate in its bioavailable (i.e., dissolved) form. A review of the literature in Chapters 1 and 3 revealed that changes in the soil conditions, and therefore, soil colloids/NPs (e.g., increasing organic …

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Solvation Energy Of Biomolecular Structures: A Study Of The Effect Of Salt On Biomolecules Through Implicit As Well As Explicit Solvation Methods, Mihir Date Dec 2012

Solvation Energy Of Biomolecular Structures: A Study Of The Effect Of Salt On Biomolecules Through Implicit As Well As Explicit Solvation Methods, Mihir Date

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In the current dissertation, studies related to solvation energy of protein structures using implicit as well explicit solvation methods have been discussed. Special focus is given to explore effect of salt on the fold stability of proteins and enzymes. Salt plays a crucial role in the functioning of all proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids. Change in salt concentration of the medium has large impact on stability and activity of these biological macromolecules. Therefore exploring mechanism of salt effect on them and development of an efficient model to calculate the salt effect has fundamental as well as practical importance in the …

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Factors That Predict Hispanic/Latino Entrepreneurs' Intentions To Use Thirteen Entrepreneurial Behaviors, Rosanna Saladin-Subero Dec 2012

Factors That Predict Hispanic/Latino Entrepreneurs' Intentions To Use Thirteen Entrepreneurial Behaviors, Rosanna Saladin-Subero

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The purpose of this study was to determine what attitudinal, normative, and control beliefs most significantly predicted Hispanic business owners' intentions to engage in 13 entrepreneurial behaviors. In 2011, Hispanic business owners from five cities in Greenville Country, South Carolina were invited to participate. Only owners of for-profit business that had been in operation for a year or more participated. Seventy four Hispanic business owners were interviewed or completed an online survey.
Aizen's Theory of Planned Behavior (1980, 1991, 2002a, 2002b, 2006) was used as the framework for constructing a survey to examine stated intentions, and concomitant attitudes, norms, and …

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Photo-Thermal Processing Of Semiconductor Fibers And Thin Films, Nishant Gupta Dec 2012

Photo-Thermal Processing Of Semiconductor Fibers And Thin Films, Nishant Gupta

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Furnace processing and rapid thermal processing (RTP) have been an integral part of several processing steps in semiconductor manufacturing. The performance of RTP techniques can be improved many times by exploiting quantum photo-effects of UV and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons in thermal processing and this technique is known as rapid photo-thermal processing (RPP). As compared to furnace processing and RTP, RPP provides higher diffusion coefficient, lower stress and lower microscopic defects. In this work, a custom designed automated photo assisted processing system was built from individual parts and an incoherent light source. This photo-assisted processing system is used to anneal …

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Spectroscopic Signature For Bundling, Edge States And Impurities In 1d And 0d Materials, Kiran Kumar Lingam Dec 2012

Spectroscopic Signature For Bundling, Edge States And Impurities In 1d And 0d Materials, Kiran Kumar Lingam

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Study of nanomaterials has gained interest of researchers from various fields of science and technology due to their unique electronic and vibrational properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. In particular, carbon nanotechnology has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and nowadays, carbon nanotubes are used in various fields such as energy storage, electronics etc. However, the quest for new properties of this material is never ending and the invention of graphene generated enormous interest in the scientific community due to its excellent properties such as strength, high electron mobility, thermal conductivity etc. In this thesis, I aim at …

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Towards Trustworthy, Efficient And Scalable Distributed Wireless Systems, Ze Li Dec 2012

Towards Trustworthy, Efficient And Scalable Distributed Wireless Systems, Ze Li

All Dissertations

Advances in wireless technologies have enabled distributed mobile devices to connect with each other to form distributed wireless systems. Due to the absence of infrastructure, distributed wireless systems require node cooperation in multi-hop routing. However, the openness and decentralized nature of distributed wireless systems where each node labors under a resource constraint introduces three challenges: (1) cooperation incentives that effectively encourage nodes to offer services and thwart the intentions of selfish and malicious nodes, (2) cooperation incentives that are efficient to deploy, use and maintain, and (3) routing to efficiently deliver messages with less overhead and lower delay. While most …

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Effects Of Red Raspberry On Doxorubicin Chemotherapy Induced Neurotoxicity, Ran He Dec 2012

Effects Of Red Raspberry On Doxorubicin Chemotherapy Induced Neurotoxicity, Ran He

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Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for cancer, with significant side effects including cognitive impairments that affect patients' quality of life. Red raspberries are known to inhibit growth of cancer cells with recent research suggesting the ability to also protect neurons. If this protective ability can be confirmed, red raspberry may emerge as a promising natural intervention for cognitive impairments associated with chemotherapy. In addition, many studies have linked cognitive functions to epigenetic mechanisms postulating that transient reprogramming of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, is required for some basic neuronal/cognitive functions.
The objective of this dissertation is to study …

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A Case Study In Collaborative Efforts At Spartanburg Community College, Frederick Cooper Dec 2012

A Case Study In Collaborative Efforts At Spartanburg Community College, Frederick Cooper

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The General Assembly of South Carolina radically changed the structure of secondary education with the enactment of the Education and Economic Development Act (EEDA) of 2005. A provision in the legislation requires post-secondary institutions to develop articulation agreements with secondary institutions in their service area(s). Traditionally, articulation agreements between secondary and post-secondary institutions have been few and far between. The question then becomes how articulation agreements are developed from the post-secondary perspective. Spartanburg Community College is one of the sixteen technical/community colleges in South Carolina. The development of articulation agreements is examined at Spartanburg Community College using the lens of …

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Intersecting Identities Of Female College Student Intramural Sports Officials: A Grounded Theory, April Flint Dec 2012

Intersecting Identities Of Female College Student Intramural Sports Officials: A Grounded Theory, April Flint

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Intramural activities are conducted on virtually every college campus throughout the United States, but there is a debate as to the role of intramurals in the overall development of the student (Rothwell & Theodore, 2006). Specifically for females, not every sport is offered for participation at youth or higher levels, but intramural sports is one arena where they have the chance to learn the sport rules and referee the game. This study aims to create a base of knowledge on the experiences of female college students who work on campus as intramural sports officials. The purpose of the study is …

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Sample Preparation Techniques For The Improvement Of Analytical Measurements: Capillary-Channeled Polymer Fibers Employed In Protein Solid Phase Extraction Applications And Characterization Of Active Components In Botanical Dietary Supplements, Carolyn Burdette Dec 2012

Sample Preparation Techniques For The Improvement Of Analytical Measurements: Capillary-Channeled Polymer Fibers Employed In Protein Solid Phase Extraction Applications And Characterization Of Active Components In Botanical Dietary Supplements, Carolyn Burdette

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The task of sample preparation encompasses many challenges and demands for analytical techniques. Appropriate preparative steps can be the determining factor between successful measurements and failures. Too little preparation can lead to the inability to detect analytes due to low concentrations, insufficient extraction of analytes, and/or strong matrix effects; exhaustive preparation steps increases analysis times, the potential for analyte losses, and the difficulty to obtain consistent reproducible results. Discussed here are several examples of analytical techniques where sample preparation is critical and can be used to improve existing techniques. Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers used for solid phase extraction (SPE) protein …

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Characterization Of Two Type Iv Collagens Involved In Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nephropathy, Keri Tabb Dec 2012

Characterization Of Two Type Iv Collagens Involved In Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Nephropathy, Keri Tabb

All Dissertations

The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of the kidney is highly specialized and required for filtration of waste products from the bloodstream. One of the major structural and functional units of the GBM is a network composed of type IV collagen heterotrimers, or protomers. Early in development of the human and dog, an isoform switch occurs, and the α1α1α2 (IV) network found in the nascent GBM is replaced with α3α4α5 (IV) protomers. Mutations in any of the genes encoding proteins found in the mature GBM network may prevent protomer formation and cause a progressive disorder leading to end stage renal failure …

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Sorption And Enantiomerization Of Current Use Chiral Pesticides, April Hall Dec 2012

Sorption And Enantiomerization Of Current Use Chiral Pesticides, April Hall

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Chiral pesticides are prevalent in the environment today and are known to react selectively with chiral environmental components such as microbes, enzymes, and other naturally occurring chiral materials. In addition, chiral sorption is a process that has been occasionally investigated in the study of homochirality (the exclusive presence of one enantiomer in living organisms), but almost overlooked in environmental science. For chiral sorption to occur, the sorbent and sorbate must be chiral entities. In the environment, there are abundant natural surfaces that are chiral, including clay minerals and organic matter present in soil, sediment and aqueous solution. A knowledge of …

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Integrated Production And Distribution Problem With Single Perishable Product, Wennian Li Dec 2012

Integrated Production And Distribution Problem With Single Perishable Product, Wennian Li

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This dissertation investigated the extension of the Integrated Production and Distribution Scheduling Problem (IPDSPP) using a variety of perishable products, applying the JIP principle and make-to-order strategy to integrate the production and distribution schedules. A single perishable product with a constant lifetime after production was used in the model discussed here. The objective of the problem was to find the solution that results in minimal system total transportation costs while satisfying customer demand within a fixed time horizon. In the solution, the fleet size, vehicle route and distribution schedule, plant production batch size and schedule were determined simultaneously. This research …

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Environmental And Biological Applications And Implications Of Soft And Condensed Nanomaterials, Pengyu Chen Dec 2012

Environmental And Biological Applications And Implications Of Soft And Condensed Nanomaterials, Pengyu Chen

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Recent innovations and growth of nanotechnology have spurred exciting technological and commercial developments of nanomaterails. Their appealing physical and physicochemical properties offer great opportunities in biological and environmental applications, while in the meantime may compromise human health and environmental sustainability through either unintentional exposure or intentional discharge.
Accordingly, this dissertation exploits the physicochemical behavior of soft dendritic polymers for environmental remediation and condensed nano ZnO tetrapods for biological sensing (Chapter two-four), and further delineate the environmental implications of such nanomaterials using algae- the major constituent of the aquatic food chain-as a model system (Chapter five).
This dissertation is presented as …

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Spider Mediation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Transport And Transformation Across Riparian Ecotones, Diana Delach Dec 2012

Spider Mediation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Transport And Transformation Across Riparian Ecotones, Diana Delach

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminate the sediment of the Twelvemile Creek / Lake Hartwell Superfund Site, and are known to be transported throughout the resident biota via trophic transport. Riparian spiders have recently become of interest because they are terrestrial organisms that have significant PCB exposures derived from aquatic sources. Many riparian spiders primarily consume insects emerging from contaminated aquatic systems, and these spiders can have a body burden as high as 2900 ng/g lipid. These emergent insects carry contaminants out of the river and into the riparian zone where they are captured by spiders, which effectively directs the contamination towards …

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Develop Novel Frap Techniques For Determining Anisotropic Solute Diffusion In Cartilaginous Tissues, Changcheng Shi Dec 2012

Develop Novel Frap Techniques For Determining Anisotropic Solute Diffusion In Cartilaginous Tissues, Changcheng Shi

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Cartilaginous tissue is a connective tissue composed of specialized cells (e.g., chondrocytes and fibroblasts) that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is comprised mostly of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastic fibers. It is characterized by its avascular structures within the tissue, implying that nutrition for normal tissue cells, for maintaining a healthy ECM, is mainly supplied through diffusion from nearby vascularized tissues and synovial fluid. Poor nutritional supply to the cartilaginous tissue is believed to be an important factor leading to tissue degeneration. Moreover, due to the complex collagen fiber structures, the …

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Polyhedral Approximations Of Quadratic Semi-Assignment Problems, Disjunctive Programs, And Base-2 Expansions Of Integer Variables, Frank Muldoon Dec 2012

Polyhedral Approximations Of Quadratic Semi-Assignment Problems, Disjunctive Programs, And Base-2 Expansions Of Integer Variables, Frank Muldoon

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This research is concerned with developing improved representations for special families of mixed-discrete programming problems. Such problems can typically be modeled using different mathematical forms, and the representation employed can greatly influence the problem's ability to be solved. Generally speaking, it is desired to obtain mixed 0-1 linear forms whose continuous relaxations provide tight polyhedral outer-approximations to the convex hulls of feasible solutions. This dissertation makes contributions to three distinct problems, providing new forms that improve upon published works.
The first emphasis is on devising solution procedures for the classical quadratic semi-assignment problem(QSAP), which is an NP-hard 0-1 quadratic program. …

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Building Social Infrastructure Through Public-Private Partnerships: The Case Of Student Housing In Public Higher Education, Bruce Cole Dec 2012

Building Social Infrastructure Through Public-Private Partnerships: The Case Of Student Housing In Public Higher Education, Bruce Cole

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Evaluations of Public-Private Partnership arrangements as alternatives to traditional government procurement methods for the delivery of public infrastructure projects have been anecdotal at best. This paper proposes a framework to evaluate a public university's infrastructure asset management performance and a specific measure based on a new concept of the elapsed time required for services to be delivered (i.e., Project Completion Time). The results suggest that the choice to use a public-private partnership as a project delivery method for student housing at a public university can dramatically shorten the overall schedule. This research will serve as the foundation for future quantitative …

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Exploring Group Cohesion In A Higher Education Field Experience, Brian Malcarne Dec 2012

Exploring Group Cohesion In A Higher Education Field Experience, Brian Malcarne

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The purpose of this study was to gain understanding into the experience of group cohesion for university students participating in an academic field experience. A mixed methods approach was used following a two-phase, sequential research design to help provide a more complete explanation of how group cohesion was impacted by the field experience. The sample consisted of 112 undergraduate students involved in a 3-day academic field experience. The initial quantitative phase gathered pre- and post-test data on group cohesion using the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) modified for an academic context. Findings demonstrated significant positive change in the domain of social …

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Understanding Nanoparticle-Cell Interaction, Ran Chen Dec 2012

Understanding Nanoparticle-Cell Interaction, Ran Chen

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Nanotechnology has revolutionalized the landscape of modern science and technology, including materials, electronics, therapeutics, bioimaging, sensing, and the environment. Along with these technological advancements, there arises a concern that engineered nanomaterials, owing to their high surface area and high reactivity, may exert adverse effects upon discharge to compromise biological and ecological systems. Research in the past decade has examined the fate of nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo, as well as the interactions between nanoparticles and biological and ecosystems using primarily toxicological and ecotoxicological approaches. However, due to the versatility in the physical and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, and due …

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Phoneme Weighting And Energy-Based Weighting For Speaker Recognition, Eric Fang Dec 2012

Phoneme Weighting And Energy-Based Weighting For Speaker Recognition, Eric Fang

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This dissertation focuses on determining specific vowel phonemes which work best for speaker identification and speaker verification, and also developing new algorithms to improve speaker identification accuracy. Results from the first part of our research indicate that the vowels /i/, /E/ and /u/ were the ones having the highest recognition scores for both the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and vector quantization (VQ) methods (at most one classification error). For VQ, /i/, /I/, /e/, /E/ and /@/ had no classification errors. Persons speaking /E/, /o/ and /u/ have been verified well by both GMM and VQ methods in our experiments. For …

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Variables That Predict Burnout Among Sex Offender Treatment Providers: Work Setting, Gender, Work Hours, Jennifer Pravlik Dec 2012

Variables That Predict Burnout Among Sex Offender Treatment Providers: Work Setting, Gender, Work Hours, Jennifer Pravlik

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Psychological treatment of the sexual offender population continues to be an arduous task for therapists. There is evidence that many therapists will experience burnout at some point during their careers. Providing treatment in a burned out state can cause harm to the therapist, client, and community (Barnett, Baker, Elman, & Schoener, 2007). It is necessary to determine the variables that influence burnout in order to increase awareness and to address the variables at an organization and personal level in order to identify therapists that may be at risk of burnout. In this I study examined the relationship of variables identified …

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Impact Of Stress-Field Changes Induced By Hydraulic Fracturing On Subsurface Fault Stability, Qian Gao Dec 2012

Impact Of Stress-Field Changes Induced By Hydraulic Fracturing On Subsurface Fault Stability, Qian Gao

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Hydraulic fracturing is essential for economically producing hydrocarbons from shale reservoirs, and thus has been extensively used in completion of shale gas wells. However, fracturing formations can change in-situ stresses in the surrounding areas. There are concerns that hydraulic fracturing may potentially reactivate the subsurface faults nearby the treatment wells. The reactivated faults could cause many problems, such as early aborting/failure of fracturing treatment, fluid leakage along the fault and even seismicity events.;3D numerical models are developed based on finite element method. The comparison between analytical and numerical solutions indicates an excellent agreement has been achieved, which certificates the applicability …

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The Effects Of The Environmental Design Instruction On The Students' Gymnastics Skill Refinement, Han Chen Dec 2012

The Effects Of The Environmental Design Instruction On The Students' Gymnastics Skill Refinement, Han Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study compared the effects of Direct Instruction (DI) with DI+Environmental Design Instruction (EDI) on the refinement of both simple and difficult gymnastics skills refinement. Four boys aged six to eight with two years of gymnastics training experiences participated in the simple skill experiment (running tuck jump on the springboard). Four boys aged 11 to 13 with more than three years of gymnastics training experiences participated in the difficult skill experiment (mushroom circles). Three dependent variables were measured in the experiment of running tuck jump and they were: (1) the participant's hip angle while they jumped at the highest point, …

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Selection Of Benthic Habitat By Yellow-Phase American Eels (Anguilla Rostrata), Melissa A. Braham Dec 2012

Selection Of Benthic Habitat By Yellow-Phase American Eels (Anguilla Rostrata), Melissa A. Braham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis examines habitat preference of yellow-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata) and relationships between age and length with that preference. The thesis is comprised of two chapters: (1) an introduction and literature review on American eel life history, their habitat selection, and the study of resource selection, and (2) an experimental study of yellow-phase American eel habitat preference and relationships between preference and age and length. Given widespread habitat alteration of North American rivers, an understanding of the use and selection of habitat is important to conservation and management of the American eel. Yellow-phase American eels are often considered as …

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The Eupm And Eufor Althea Missions In Bosnia And Herzegovina: An Evaluation, Ewa Agata Maczynska Dec 2012

The Eupm And Eufor Althea Missions In Bosnia And Herzegovina: An Evaluation, Ewa Agata Maczynska

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The political changes in Europe and the shift in the world's balance of power brought about by the collapse of the Soviet Union forced the European Union in the early 1990's to redefine the possible role it wanted to play in the international arena. From being an organization focused mostly on economic cooperation, the European Union quickly transformed itself into a player interested also in the security realm. The first place where the EU attempted to prove itself as a new crisis management power was post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina, a country that needed physical, political and social reconstruction. As a result in …

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Manufacture And Properties Of Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposites, Charlie A. Collins Ii Dec 2012

Manufacture And Properties Of Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposites, Charlie A. Collins Ii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bio-composites have attracted considerable attention from the industry as potential substitutes for petroleum-derived composites. Starch is a potential candidate because it is biodegradable and is readily available sustainable polymer from agriculture resources. However, it is not easy to process like petroleum-derived polymers because of the lack of defined melting point and is sensitive to high humidity with poor mechanical properties. This study evaluated the processability of starch, lignin and pulp fibers using a BrabenderRTM Torque Rheometer. Type of starch exerted great influence on processability. Gelation characteristics of the four composite mixtures correlated with starch type. Amylose containing composite mixtures (#1 …

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Riparian Ecological Community Assessment With An Emphasis On Wood Turtles (Glyptemys Insculpta) In The Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, Kathryn R. P. Mccoard Dec 2012

Riparian Ecological Community Assessment With An Emphasis On Wood Turtles (Glyptemys Insculpta) In The Cacapon River Watershed, West Virginia, Kathryn R. P. Mccoard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Riparian zones serve to maintain high water quality, low water temperatures, and structural complexity in aquatic and terrestrial environments, among other beneficial services. Riparian buffers provide habitat and corridors linking forest patches for terrestrial wildlife. High riparian vegetative structure and complexity attract a high diversity of wildlife, including birds, herpetofauna, and small mammals. Devegetated riparian zones, often a result of developmental and agricultural practices, lose their beneficial functions and require restorative actions to regain them. The Cacapon River watershed in West Virginia is agriculturally-dominated with many areas of riparian zone degradation. A section of the Cacapon River was selected for …

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