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2012

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An Analysis Of The Efficiency And Competitiveness Of Umm Qasr Port In Iraq, Salem J. Hussein Dec 2012

An Analysis Of The Efficiency And Competitiveness Of Umm Qasr Port In Iraq, Salem J. Hussein

World Maritime University Dissertations

The dissertation is a study of the importance of cost/time of a ship related to the problems and constraints in port facilities and the quality of services that are hampering Umm Qasr Port (‘UQP’) to be a competitive and efficient port. It develops and asks the composite research question: “Can UQP improve its competitiveness by modifications to its facilities, and if so, which modifications are necessary?” Under the Port User Cost concept it analyses the turnaround time of vessels in the port as the most important element concerning the users of the port. Therefore, subsequent analysis of outcomes aims to …

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Monetary And Ecological Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Onshore Power Supply : A Case Study Of The Port Of Mombasa, Mulwa Denis Musyoka Dec 2012

Monetary And Ecological Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Onshore Power Supply : A Case Study Of The Port Of Mombasa, Mulwa Denis Musyoka

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Implementation Of Maritime Education And Training (Met) : An Exploration Of Human And Technological Resources Challenges Facing Met In Kenya, Nthia J. Mabuti Dec 2012

Implementation Of Maritime Education And Training (Met) : An Exploration Of Human And Technological Resources Challenges Facing Met In Kenya, Nthia J. Mabuti

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Salt Lakes Of The African Rift System: A Valuable Research Opportunity For Insight Into Nature’S Concenrtated Multi-Electrolyte Science, Jyn Philip, Dms Mosha Dec 2012

Salt Lakes Of The African Rift System: A Valuable Research Opportunity For Insight Into Nature’S Concenrtated Multi-Electrolyte Science, Jyn Philip, Dms Mosha

Tanzania Journal of Science

The Tanzanian rift system salt lakes present significant cultural, ecological, recreational and economical values. Beyond the wealth of minerals, resources of these rift salt lakes include unique wildlife, for instance Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor) and Cichlids (Alcolapia spp), which adapted chemically aggressive environments like that of Lake Natron. The general hydrochemical equilibria of these salt lakes is governed by Na+ > K+ >> Ca2+ ~ Mg2+ : (CO32- + HCO3-) > Cl- > SO42-~ F- ionic concentration pattern. Salt accumulation mechanism in these endorheic lakes is considered to base on thermo-mechanical disintegrative stress of the geochemistry sourcing. The rains chemically interact with rift terrains, …

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Determination Of Lipophilic Extractives In Ionic Liquid Extracts Of Eucalyptus Pulp By Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Kf Kilulyaa, Tam , Msagati, Bb , Mamba, Jc Ngila, T Bush Dec 2012

Determination Of Lipophilic Extractives In Ionic Liquid Extracts Of Eucalyptus Pulp By Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Kf Kilulyaa, Tam , Msagati, Bb , Mamba, Jc Ngila, T Bush

Tanzania Journal of Science

Lipophilic wood extractives composition is currently a big concern of pulp and paper industries as well as for the environmentalists due to their negative impacts on the quality of pulp and the environment. Because of the shortcomings of different extraction procedures using volatile organic solvents in capturing residual lipophilic extractives in pulp, this study reports on the use of ionic liquids as an effective approach for such extraction. The capacity of two ionic liquids; 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride to recover wood extractives was compared and it was observed that ionic liquid with chloride anion recovered a higher amount …

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Technology: A Powerful, Generic, Facile And Cost Effective Alternative For Enantio-Recognition And Separation: A Glance At Advances And Applications, Jyn Philip, Dms Mosha Dec 2012

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Technology: A Powerful, Generic, Facile And Cost Effective Alternative For Enantio-Recognition And Separation: A Glance At Advances And Applications, Jyn Philip, Dms Mosha

Tanzania Journal of Science

The emerging Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) technology has yielded proof of concept, harnessing nature’s fundamentals to yield recognition receptor mimics from the miniaturized basics, borrowing on the ground rules, but conveniently avoiding the complexity, fragility, instability, costs and ethics of animal based bio-affinity matrices. Thus, the impact of bio-sciences on the future of technology is not via direct use of the molecules, but rather the lessons learned. Molecular imprinting is a powerful specialty representing the generic, cost effective and facile alternative for preparation of synthetic custom-tailored receptors. It achieves this via creation of specific selective recognition sites for a pre-determined …

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New Glucopyranosylglyceryl-N-Octenyl Adipate And Bioactivity Of Retro And Condensed Chalcones From Toussaintia Orientalis, Ss Nyandoro, Mhh , Nkunya, Cc Josepha, Jo Odalo, I Sattler Dec 2012

New Glucopyranosylglyceryl-N-Octenyl Adipate And Bioactivity Of Retro And Condensed Chalcones From Toussaintia Orientalis, Ss Nyandoro, Mhh , Nkunya, Cc Josepha, Jo Odalo, I Sattler

Tanzania Journal of Science

1-(3-β-D-Glucopyranosylglycer-2-yl)-6-N-(oct-2-enyl)-adipate, [orientalin, 1] was isolated as a new metabolite from the polar leaf extracts of Toussaintia orientalis Verdc (Annonaceae), together with the glycoflavonoids afzelin and quercitrin, and the indolidinoids toussaintines A-C. The reversed chalcones 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxychalcone (2) and 2-hydroxy-3,4,6- trimethoxydihydrochalcone (3), the condensed chalcone (+)-6a,12a-dihydro-6-phenyl-7-styryl- 6H,7H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-][l]benzopyran (4), and mixtures of known triterpenoids and steroids were isolated from the less polar extracts of the root and stem bark of the same plant. The structures were established upon detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and other physical parameters. The chalcones exhibited antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity at varying efficacy levels, the reversed chalcone …

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Theoretical Study Of Physiochemical Properties Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, A Ilkhani Dec 2012

Theoretical Study Of Physiochemical Properties Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, A Ilkhani

Tanzania Journal of Science

The computational approach to studying structural changes in a wide range of physical and biological problems, the empirical force fields, have great difficulty in simulating folding of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). In an effort to understand the conformational preferences that may be attributed to stereoelectronic effects, a number of computational studies were carried out. Monte Carlo, Molecular Dynamics and Langevin simulation methods by MM+, AMBER and OPLS force fields of calculations have been performed on IGF-1 as growth factors. The parameters of a minimized structure of IGF-1, calculated potential energy for important dihedral angles and the effect of temperature …

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Probing The Cob(Ii)Alamin Cond Uctorhhypothesis With Glutamate Mutase From Clostridium Cochlearium, Fe Lyatuu, A Parthasarathy, K Zhou, K Zelenka, Fh Zelder, W Buckel Dec 2012

Probing The Cob(Ii)Alamin Cond Uctorhhypothesis With Glutamate Mutase From Clostridium Cochlearium, Fe Lyatuu, A Parthasarathy, K Zhou, K Zelenka, Fh Zelder, W Buckel

Tanzania Journal of Science

It had been proposed that during reversible coenzyme B12 dependent rearrangements, cob(II)alamin is not merely present as a spectator but also acts as a conductor by stabilizing the methylene radical intermediates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested a hydrogen bond between C19-H of the corrin ring and the 3'-OH moiety (O3RL) of the 5'- deoxyadenosyl radical resulting in a decrease of the activation energy by about 30 kJ mol-1. We tested this hypothesis with glutamate mutase and artificial coenzyme B12 derivatives. The assembly of coenzyme B12 (adenosylcobalamin) with recombinant components GlmS and GlmE of glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium reconstitutes …

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Effects Of Temperature On The Physicochemical Properties Of Traditionally Processed Vegetable Oils And Their Blends, Fn Ngassapa, Ss Nyandoroa, Tr Mwaisaka Dec 2012

Effects Of Temperature On The Physicochemical Properties Of Traditionally Processed Vegetable Oils And Their Blends, Fn Ngassapa, Ss Nyandoroa, Tr Mwaisaka

Tanzania Journal of Science

The quality and stability of traditionally processed palm, sunflower and sesame oils and their blends as affected by temperature were evaluated by analyzing their physicochemical properties which included acid, saponification, peroxide, iodine values and refractive indices.. The initial quality of traditionally processed oils studied was found to be within the specifications of TZS and Codex requirements. The results further indicate that the quality of both unblended and blended traditionally processed vegetable oils deteriorate significantly at elevated temperatures (p < 0.05). However, the blends showed relatively better quality and stability than the unblended ones whereby the formulations of palm oil (PO) and sesame oil (SSO) appeared to be more stable than those of PO and sunflower oil (SO). This work suggests that blending of traditionally processed PO, SO and SSO improves the quality and stability of these oils.

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Comparison Of Chemical Nano Structure, Rheological And Mechanical Properties Of Long Oil Alkyd Resin Synthesized Using Polybasic Acids Catalyst, Ar Ilkhani Dec 2012

Comparison Of Chemical Nano Structure, Rheological And Mechanical Properties Of Long Oil Alkyd Resin Synthesized Using Polybasic Acids Catalyst, Ar Ilkhani

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this research, chemical nano structures, rheological and mechanical properties of long oil alkyd resin which was synthesized using different polybasic acid catalysts have been studied. These catalyst were phosphoric acid, 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid and succinic acid. The new compounds were compared with reference formula of long oil alkyd resin. For this idea, same formula of clear air drying varnishes were prepared based on different long oil resins which have been synthesized using different catalysts and reference long oil alkyd resin. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the nano chemical structures of the resins and varnishes. The rheological properties of …

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Evaluation Of Patterns And Spatial Trends Of Pesticide Residues From Vikuge Farm, Coast Region, Tanzania By Principal Components Analysis, Kf Kilulya, Gs Mhinzi Dec 2012

Evaluation Of Patterns And Spatial Trends Of Pesticide Residues From Vikuge Farm, Coast Region, Tanzania By Principal Components Analysis, Kf Kilulya, Gs Mhinzi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports on the analysis of organochlorine pesticides pollution data obtained from samples collected from Vikuge farm, Coast Region, Tanzania between 2000 and 2003 by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA of the data sets for pesticide residues in water, soil and sediments samples from Vikuge has shown that the obsolete pesticides dumped at Vikuge pasture farm for a number of years undergo degradation with time and the distribution pattern of the pesticides in the three environments is similar. Strong outliers were also identified in the data by the use of PCA score plots. Further analysis of the data by …

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Biorecognition Ability Of Polysaccharides As Piezo Quartz Biosensors, En Kalmykova, Ca Mgina Dec 2012

Biorecognition Ability Of Polysaccharides As Piezo Quartz Biosensors, En Kalmykova, Ca Mgina

Tanzania Journal of Science

Piezoquartz biosensors (PQB) which are analytical devices for recognition of biochemical interactions have recently attracted increasing interest from different researchers such as analysts, immune-chemists, medical doctors, environmentalists, etc. This is due to the advantages of PQB for having high detection sensitivity (at ng and mg level depending on the mass of sorbates or micro-organisms) and the ability to monitor biochemical reactions in turbid or highly coloured liquids (including in biological fluids) in real time. The use of additional markers and preliminary sample preparation are not required in this biorecognition process. This paper reports on the principle of the PQB and …

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Composition Of Non Volatile Oils And Antimicrobial Activities Of Extracts From Monanthotaxis Discolor, And An Undescribed Uvariondedron Species, Ds Parmena, Ca Mgina, Cc Joseph Dec 2012

Composition Of Non Volatile Oils And Antimicrobial Activities Of Extracts From Monanthotaxis Discolor, And An Undescribed Uvariondedron Species, Ds Parmena, Ca Mgina, Cc Joseph

Tanzania Journal of Science

The chemical compositions of non volatile oil extracts from two Annoneceous plant species Monanthotaxis discolor and an undescribed Uvariodendron species which are endemic to Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania were determined by GC-MS. The biological activities of extracts and fractionated samples were also determined. Both methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the root bark of M. discolor showed mild antimicrobial activity and had positive brine shrimp test (BST). The BST test for dichloromethane extract of M. discolor root bark were LC50 41.794 μg/ml and that of methanol extract showed LC50 13.560 μg/ml. The petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of root bark of …

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Polyphenoloxidase And Perioxidase Activity During Open Air Ripening Storage Of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.), Mango (Mangifera Indica) And Papaya (Carica Papaya) Fruits Grown In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Oc Othman Dec 2012

Polyphenoloxidase And Perioxidase Activity During Open Air Ripening Storage Of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.), Mango (Mangifera Indica) And Papaya (Carica Papaya) Fruits Grown In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Oc Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and perioxidase (POD), the enzymes responsible for causing browning and change in texture and flavor of fruits and vegetables, were extracted and measured in harvested mature pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), mango (Mangifera indica) (Viringe and Dodo varieties) and papaya (Carica papaya) fruits during off vine, open air, room temperature ripening storage. The initial (at harvest) average PPO activity values in Δ Optical Density (OD) per minute per cm3 of enzyme solution were 0.00074, 0.00083 and 0.0010 for early, mid and late season pineapple fruits respectively. The initial average PPO activity values in ΔOD/min/ cm3 of enzyme solution were …

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Uvarisesquiterpene D: A New Benzopyranyl Sesquiterpene Isolated From Uvaria Lucida Ssp. Lucida, Qa Mgani Dec 2012

Uvarisesquiterpene D: A New Benzopyranyl Sesquiterpene Isolated From Uvaria Lucida Ssp. Lucida, Qa Mgani

Tanzania Journal of Science

Hitherto unreported benzopyranyl sesquiterpene, uvarisesquiterpene D, has been isolated from the stem bark of Uvaria lucida ssp lucida. Its structure had been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (IR, MS and NMR) and comparison of its spectral data with the known related compounds uvarisesquiterpene B and selin-11(12)-4α-ol. The latter compound was co-isolated with the new natural product as well as caryophyline oxide and lucidine.

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Status Of Pesticides And Degradation Products In Soil After Clean-Up Of Stockpiles And Treatment With Sodium Hydroxide At A Former Storage Site In Korogwe, Tanzania, Jam Mahugija Dec 2012

Status Of Pesticides And Degradation Products In Soil After Clean-Up Of Stockpiles And Treatment With Sodium Hydroxide At A Former Storage Site In Korogwe, Tanzania, Jam Mahugija

Tanzania Journal of Science

The status of pesticide residues in soil samples collected from a former storage site one year after clean-up of stockpiles and treatment with NaOH was investigated. The analytes were extracted from samples by pressurized fluid extraction using n-hexane:acetone (75:25) mixture. Clean-up of extracts was conducted by using silica gel and alumina with 3% H2O and the extracts were eluted with hexane:dichloromethane (1:1). Extra clean-up was performed through C18 SPE cartridges using acetonitrile as the eluting solvent. Labelled internal standards were used for identification and quantification. Analysis of the analytes was performed using a high resolution GC–MS. The dominant contaminants detected …

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Activity Of Enzyme Trypsin Immobilized Onto Macroporous Poly(Epoxy-Acrylamide) Cryogel, W Johnson, Ymm Makame Dec 2012

Activity Of Enzyme Trypsin Immobilized Onto Macroporous Poly(Epoxy-Acrylamide) Cryogel, W Johnson, Ymm Makame

Tanzania Journal of Science

Bovine pancreatic trypsin has been covalently immobilized onto monolithic polyacrylamide cryogels with epoxy functionality (Epoxy-MPAAGs). The covalent immobilization of trypsin onto Epoxy-MPAAGs was achieved through incorporation of ethylenediamine-glutaraldehyde spacers on the cryogels’ surfaces. The immobilization yield and the influence of pH and temperature conditions on the activity of the immobilized trypsin were assessed by using the hydrolysis of a low molecular weight substrate, N-α-benzoyl-D, L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). Optimal pH and temperature values of 9 and 50 °C, respectively, were established for both the immobilized trypsin and the free trypsin. Activity measurements from the native trypsin before immobilization and the residual free …

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Computational Chemistry Capacity Building In An Underprivileged Context: Challenges, Outcomes And Perspectives, L Mammino Dec 2012

Computational Chemistry Capacity Building In An Underprivileged Context: Challenges, Outcomes And Perspectives, L Mammino

Tanzania Journal of Science

Computational chemistry is a fast developing branch of modern chemistry, focusing on the study of molecules to enable better understanding of the properties of substances. Its applications comprise a variety of fields, from drug design to the design of compounds with desired properties (e.g., catalysts with specific actions) and to ample overlaps with nanotechnology. However, despite its relevance, the presence of computational chemistry research in Sub-Saharan Africa is still scarce, practically absent in many institutions. Bridging the gap with the other continents requires the identification of capacity building options that may enable a rapid growth. The recent experience at the …

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Electrochemical Behaviour Of Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor Of Aloe Secundiflora Extract In Corrosion Control Of Carbon Steel In Soft Water Media, J Mutasingwa, J Buchweishaija, Jeg Mdoe Dec 2012

Electrochemical Behaviour Of Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor Of Aloe Secundiflora Extract In Corrosion Control Of Carbon Steel In Soft Water Media, J Mutasingwa, J Buchweishaija, Jeg Mdoe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Electrochemical behaviour of Aloe secundiflora on carbon steel corrosion control in neutral and aerated soft water solutions have been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization techniques. The investigation was performed at different inhibitor concentrations under static and dynamic conditions using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). The impedance and polarization results revealed that A. Secundiflora could be a potential corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel undergoing corrosion in fresh water medium. It was found that Aloe secundiflora reduces the electrochemical processes taking place on carbon steel undergoing corrosion. The inhibitor efficiency increases with increase in A. Secundiflora concentration and gradually …

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Heavy Metal Content In Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables From Kariakoo Market, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Eb Mubofu Dec 2012

Heavy Metal Content In Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables From Kariakoo Market, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Eb Mubofu

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work reports on the levels of cadmium, lead, copper, manganese and zinc in 174 samples from eight varieties of green vegetables (amaranth, Chinese cabbage, cowpea leaves, green pepper, leafy cabbage, lettuce, okra and pumpkin leaf) commonly grown in Dar es Salaam and marketed at Kariakoo, Tanzania. The amount of cadmium and lead ranged between 3-42 and 11-60 μg/kg respectively. The amount of copper, manganese and zinc ranged between 0.35 - 2.12, 1.01 - 7.57, and 1.19 - 6.33 μg/kg respectively. On average consumption pattern, the contribution of these vegetables to the recommended daily intakes (RDI) for cadmium and lead …

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Students’ Science Knowledge As A Constraint In Developing Interests In Science Studies Among Secondary School Learners In Tanzania, John F. Kalolo, Eugenia J. Kafanabo Dec 2012

Students’ Science Knowledge As A Constraint In Developing Interests In Science Studies Among Secondary School Learners In Tanzania, John F. Kalolo, Eugenia J. Kafanabo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The paper examines how students’ science knowledge is a constraint in developing interests in science studies. There are three objectives that guided the study on which this paper is based: examining student’s background knowledge about science and its related careers; assessing student’s awareness on science related professions; and examining the availability of various sources of science knowledge in schools for developing interest in science subjects in secondary schools. A total of 246 respondents participated in the study; and these included 60 teachers, 180 students and 6 heads of schools. The data were collected through questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, and …

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Content Validity Of National Examinations In Assessing The Curriculum Objectives In Tanzania, Kitila Mkumbo Dec 2012

Content Validity Of National Examinations In Assessing The Curriculum Objectives In Tanzania, Kitila Mkumbo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Several factors have been attributed to poor performance of students in the national form four examinations in the past five years. These factors include lack of teachers’ qualifications and poor commitment to teach; lack of teaching and learning facilities such as books, laboratory equipment and libraries; and poor teachers’ working conditions. Nevertheless, there has been no attempt to systematically examine the content of examinations as related to the implemented curriculum, with a view to assessing the validity of these examinations. This paper examines the content validity of the Form IV national examinations in assessing the curriculum objectives. The key question …

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The Role Of Heads Of Departments In Enhancing The Quality Of Education In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Perpetua J. Urio Dec 2012

The Role Of Heads Of Departments In Enhancing The Quality Of Education In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Perpetua J. Urio

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Heads of department are perceived as instructional leaders. This paper is based on a study that aimed to find out how heads of departments in Tanzanian secondary schools deal with their tasks in enhancing the quality of education, and the support accorded to them by the school administrative system in the performance of their duties. The study was conducted in Arusha and Coast regions, comprising a sample of 72 respondents from eight secondary schools. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires and documentary review. Data collected were subjected to content analysis and numerical data were summarized into tables. Findings revealed that, …

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Development Of Information And Communication Technology In Education In Tanzania: How Is Duce Playing Its Role?, Josta L. Nzilano, Ayoub C. Kafyulilo Dec 2012

Development Of Information And Communication Technology In Education In Tanzania: How Is Duce Playing Its Role?, Josta L. Nzilano, Ayoub C. Kafyulilo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper presents the ICT integration situation in Tanzania, and the efforts that are being made by the Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), as a teacher training institution, to have ICT integrated in the education system at the college and country at large. Over 60 articles and reports were gathered and read in the process of writing the paper. However, through rigorous review of each article only 35 were found to match best with the goal of this study. Results from literature indicate that technology integration in the country was still at an infant stage. Most educational …

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Variation In Job Satisfaction Between Public And Private Secondary School Teachers In Tanzania: A Comparative Study At Kinondoni District, Faustine B. Masath Dec 2012

Variation In Job Satisfaction Between Public And Private Secondary School Teachers In Tanzania: A Comparative Study At Kinondoni District, Faustine B. Masath

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

In improving the quality of education in secondary schools, teachers’ job satisfaction is vital and an inevitable component. In Tanzania, however, the level of job satisfaction of secondary school teachers is not clear; and so is how public and private secondary schools differ in their level of job satisfaction. This paper aims to compare the level of job satisfaction between public and private secondary school teachers. The paper is based on a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design, which employed a sample of 275 respondents from 10 selected secondary schools in Kinondoni district. Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale (TJSS) and documentary review …

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Teacher Resource Centres: A Strategy For Secondary School Teachers’ Professional Development In Tanzania, Gadi Moses Koda Dec 2012

Teacher Resource Centres: A Strategy For Secondary School Teachers’ Professional Development In Tanzania, Gadi Moses Koda

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The overall education level in Tanzanians has increased in terms of schooling and even in fundamental literacy. While enrolment in secondary schools has been increasing rapidly, Form IV examinations results since 2010 have been discouraging, showing that there is a problem in the education system (NECTA, 2010). To address the situation, this article presents the needs for alternative strategies for secondary school teachers’ professional development in Tanzania. It focuses on the Teacher Resource Centre (TRC) approach as a strategy for secondary school teachers’ professional development in Tanzania. The paper also discusses equipment, materials, accessibility and management as well as teachers’ …

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An Inquiry Into The Political Correctness In Swahili And Mashami Traditions, Benedictor Phanuel Lema Dec 2012

An Inquiry Into The Political Correctness In Swahili And Mashami Traditions, Benedictor Phanuel Lema

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Political correctness evidences naturally evolving socio-political and economic dynamics that are constantly in force. This paper shows that political correctness, viewed from the perspective of the seemingly socio-cultural readjustments, needs to be understood from the underlying socio-cultural and political forces that are strongly embedded in the social structures. Borrowing from Swahili and Mashami cultures, this paper shows differences in the way they neutralize unfriendly terms, particularly in events where the labelling is a result of the work of God and naturally imposed calamities. It establishes that whereas Swahili culture seems to be rude in the eyes of the activists in …

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Effectiveness Of Basic Mathematics Continuous Assessment Feedback In Secondary Schools In Tanzania: The Case Of Schools In Coast And Dar Es Salaam Regions, Florence Kyaruzi Dec 2012

Effectiveness Of Basic Mathematics Continuous Assessment Feedback In Secondary Schools In Tanzania: The Case Of Schools In Coast And Dar Es Salaam Regions, Florence Kyaruzi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper assesses the effectiveness of Basic Mathematics Continuous Assessment (CA) feedback in selected high performing (HP) and low performing (LP) secondary schools in Coast and Dar es Salaam regions, Tanzania. Various aspects that constitute an effective CA feedback were scrutinised. The paper is based on research. In this research, a mixed research approach of the concurrent triangulation design was employed where stratified, simple random and purposeful sampling techniques were used. The study was informed by documentary review, questionnaires and classroom observations. Data were both qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using content analysis and Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS), version …

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Applications Of Weak Ion Association Between Symmetrical Tetraalkylammonium Ions And Inorganic Anions, Julius Mbuna Dec 2012

Applications Of Weak Ion Association Between Symmetrical Tetraalkylammonium Ions And Inorganic Anions, Julius Mbuna

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Interactions between tetraalkylammonium ions and inorganic anions can be used to develop methods of separation for inorganic anions by any separation technique. From the ion association and thermodynamic data, capillary electrophoretic (CE) technique can be easily designed to effect separation of inorganic anions samples. Using CE mode such as capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to investigate weak ion association between inorganic anions and the pairing cations also furnishes data to evaluate association theories like Bjerrum’s theory. Findings show that the increase in association constant Kass as the dielectric constant decreased is not exponential as maintained by the Bjerrum’s theory. The increase …

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