Digital Commons Network^™

The Ecological Validity Of The Self-Explanation Effect: The Deleterious Effect Of Music On Self-Explanations, Jason Geller, Robert J. Calin-Jageman

Modern Psychological Studies

One of the most powerful ways to boost learning is to require students to self-explain—to generate written or verbal explanations of their study material as they are studying. Although self-explaining is known to enhance learning across a wide range of ages and study materials, this empirical work has focused almost exclusively on optimal study conditions. Here we explore if selfexplaining is similarly effective in the presence of background music, a distraction students commonly elect to incorporate into their study routines. In the first study, 32 university students were asked to learn about neuronal action potentials while we varied both self-explaining …

The Art Of Work Autonomy: A Test Of Its Influence On Job Embeddedness, Qian Jiang, Chris W. Wright, Amy Smith

Modern Psychological Studies

Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, Sablynski, and Erez (2001) demonstrated that Job Embeddedness is connected to intent to leave and voluntary turnover in employment. Previous researchers have also found that Work Autonomy predicts variables similar to Job Embeddedness (Mitchell et al., 2001). We investigated the factors that impact why people stay at their jobs by examining the relationship between Work Autonomy and Job Embeddedness. Data from 190 currently or previously employed participants were collected. As hypothesized, Work Autonomy was strongly correlated with on/off-the-job fit, on/off-the job sacrifice, on-the-job links and overall Job Embeddedness. However it was not correlated with off-the-job links. Implications …

Self-Handicapping Mediates Between Impulsiveness And Self-Discipline, Jessica M. Mckinney, Kyle D. Maxwell, Richard L. Metzger

Modern Psychological Studies

Self-handicapping, while not a very acknowledged tendency, is very prevalent today. Especially among students of any grade level, the behavior prevents many from reaching their full potential. The purpose of this experiment was to see how Selfhandicapping mediated between Impulsiveness and Self-discipline which can later be used by teachers to help students with this phenomenon. A short survey was given to psychology undergraduate students at the University of Tennessee-Chattanooga whose age ranged from 18-44 and were predominantly Caucasian. Self-handicapping was found to mediate between Impulsiveness and Self-discipline (r = .512) compared to Impulsiveness and Self-discipline (r= .288) without using self-handicapping …

Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost

Modern Psychological Studies

Because research has identified that sex role orientation is flexible in response to environmental factors such as the peer group, the current study attempted to investigate whether sex-role orientation varies as a function of the peer group, operationalized by the type of institution (single-sex vs. co-educational) one attends. Using the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of sexrole endorsement, researchers sampled male participants attending a small, single-sex, Mid-western liberal arts institution and male participants from a small, co-educational, Mid-western liberal arts institution. Sex-role orientations were differently distributed at the two institutions. Specifically, more masculine individuals were observed at …

Confirming The Dynamic Model Of Working Memory, Keith Christopher Weitze

Modern Psychological Studies

The study of working memory capacity has resulted in a plethora of research that has obsequiously polarized professionals into two groups: one that favors a static model of working memory and the other, a dynamic model of working memory. This paper analyzes three areas related to working memory capacity to help confirm the dynamic model of working memory. A neuroanatomical analysis of an individual's brain undergoing a working memory task illustrates converging brain-centers that process information from multiple modalities, thereby, bolstering the dynamic model. Through a careful consideration of the role of inhibitory control on working memory capacity, an argument …

The Effect Of Music Genre On A Memory Task, Darragh Bugter, Randy Carden

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the effects of two different music genres and silence on a memory task Sixty participants were randomly assigned to three groups which were exposed to rap music, classical music or silence while playing the Concentration game. The number of flips needed to complete the Concentration game was measured and served as the memory score. Results of a one-way analysis of variance detected a significant difference between the groups. A planned post hoc analysis found that the classical music group completed the Concentration game in significantly fewer flips than the rap group.

Smiley Face Symbols: Students' Reactions As A Function Of A Professor's Request To Meet, Alyssa A. Radford

Modern Psychological Studies

The college years are a period during which students transition from a parent-oriented environment to one in which they take greater responsibility for their personal and social development. Nonetheless, parents remain a lasting influence on children during these years. Attachment theorists have examined the degree to which attachment history with parents influences ones later interpersonal relationships and perceptions of others. For example, college students' attachment styles influence how they interpret a professor's request to meet (Perrine & King, 2004). The present research examined how securely and insecurely attached students differ in their reactions to a professor's written request to meet …

How Willing Are We To Lower Our Standards? Mate Preferences As A Function Of Mate Value And Faithfulness History, Laura Loyola, Theresa E. Didonato

Modern Psychological Studies

This study sought to determine how the mate value and revelation of faithfulness history could affect mate preference. It was predicted that faithfulness would be more important over mate value for a long-term relationship, and the opposite would be so for short-term relationships. Using a between-subjects experimental design, participants evaluated a hypothetical partner of high, similar, or low mate value that had a faithful or unfaithful past. Results revealed that people cared most about faithfulness for a long-term relationship when that person also had a similar or high degree of mate value. For short-term relationships people cared more about the …

Anatomy And Physiology Lab, Steelman Library, B Mcconchie Dr

Syllabus Repository

No abstract provided.

An Exploratory Case Study Of Racial Climate In An Academic Unit At A Predominantly White, Southern Institution, Mark A. Dochterman

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Research describes faculty of color as a key to an equitable future for higher education. However, this approach problematically places the responsibility for multiculturalism on the shoulders of these individuals. This embedded, critical case study explored the racial climate of an academic unit in a southern, predominantly white institution. Through the lens of critical race theory I examined how the racial climate of the unit impacted the perceptions, roles, and relationships differently for faculty of color, doctoral students of color, white faculty, and white doctoral students and how the case in question exemplified Rankin and Reason’s (2008) six dimensions of …

Building Resilience In Foster Children: The Role Of The Child's Advocate, Frank E. Vandervort, James Henry, Mark A. Sloane

Articles

This Article provides an introduction to, and brief overview of trauma, its impact upon foster children, and steps children's advocates" can take to lessen or ameliorate the impact of trauma upon their clients. This Article begins in Part 11 by defining relevant terms. Part III addresses the prevalence of trauma among children entering the child welfare system. Part IV considers the neurodevelopmental (i.e., the developing brain) impact of trauma on children and will explore how that trauma may manifest emotionally and behaviorally. With this foundation in place, Part V discusses the need for a comprehensive trauma assessment including a thorough …

Flesh As Communication -- Body Art And Body Theory, Falk Heinrich

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

On the last pages of The Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty investigates “the bond between flesh and idea, and the internal armature which [it] manifests and which it conceals.” Flesh and idea are intertwined in that the body reflects on itself in the act of perception and, one could add, action. A correlative bond lies in communication theory as the operational difference between ego and alter-ego. This article investigates the non-semiotic intertwinement of ‘flesh’ in art perception and theory based on communication theory in performance art (body art). The thesis is that ‘flesh’ in performance art is presented as absolute …

Assessing The Good Will Of Community Users In An Academic Library, Wanda Dole, J.B. Hill

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the second phase of a study on the impact of one North American academic library extending library privileges gratis to community users.

Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports the results of a web-based survey of community users at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR), Arkansas, USA. The survey was conducted to obtain information on demographics and community users’ perception of the value of library privileges.

Findings – Community users often have some connection to the university and tend to be satisfied with and value the privileges. Receiving the privileges …

Epistemic Vigilance: The Error Management Of Source Memory And Belief, Brian Bergstrom

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

The studies reported here explore some of the cognitive contours of epistemic vigilance--that is, how the mind adaptively tracks and monitors information. These studies ask how the mind considers the source of new information when making epistemic judgments. Four experiments investigate the role of source information in modulating the "truth bias": an automatic tendency to presume new information is true). An evolutionary hypothesis is advanced: that a "support bias" exists for sources with special coalitional relevance: e.g., a best friend) that interacts with the truth bias to produce supportive patterns of recall that are unique to that source. Results partially …

Essence And Ontology, Jan Plate

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This dissertation provides an account of essentiality that satisfies two main desiderata:

(1) The account should offer an explanation as to why the following two intuitions are true:

(i) It is essential to the set {Socrates} to have Socrates as a member.

(ii) It is not essential to Socrates to be a member of that set.

(2) The account should do justice to the sense of philosophical significance that has traditionally been attached to the notion of essence.

The two intuitions mentioned in: 1) together form what I call `Fine's asymmetry', after Kit Fine, whose paper `Essence and Modality' has …

Outcasts Of The Universe: Shyness In Hawthorne And James, Ryan Stuart Lowe

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

In Outcasts of the Universe, I argue that shyness is a modern dilemma, problematized by the broader shifts in American society: the expanding marketplace, the idealization of the self-made man, the rise of feminism and ever-changing gender roles, and a slow consolidation of the bachelor, the artist, and the aesthete into the stigmatized figure of the homosexual. By drawing on both the lives and works of Hawthorne and James, I theorize shyness as an alternative model of social and sexual engagement in the nineteenth century.

In particular, I adapt the queer theory concept of closetedness, a concept that has no …

Young Children's Understanding Of The Relationship Between Conventionality And Communication, Kathleen R. Sullivan

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This dissertation explores children's understanding of the conventionality of language, the notion that shared knowledge of the meanings of linguistic symbols enables communication using those symbols. Three studies investigate whether monolingual children recognize that different speakers share knowledge of lexical conventions, in this case the labels for objects, independent of children's own knowledge of those labels. Further, children's ability to use evidence of shared conventional knowledge when reasoning about communicative interactions is tested using a novel third-party communication task. Results indicate that three-year-old children track consistent labeling of novel objects across different speakers, and infer underlying shared knowledge of object …

Strategic Insight And Age-Related Goal-Neglect Influence Risky Decision-Making, John Westbrook

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Maximizing long-run gains often requires taking on some degree of risk, yet decision-makers often exhibit risk aversion: RA), rejecting risky prospects even when these may have higher expected value than safer alternatives. We investigated whether explicit strategy instruction and practice can decrease prepotent RA, and whether aging impacts the efficacy of such an intervention. Participants performed a paired lottery task with options varying in risk and magnitude, both before and after practice with a similar task that encouraged maximization of expected value and instruction to use this strategy in risky decisions. In both younger and older adults, strategy training reduced …

Allosteric Modulation Of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 As A Treatment For Pain, Michael Montana

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5: mGlu5) has been suggested to play a role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. mGlu5 is expressed at synapses throughout the pain neuraxis where it is believed to modulate the function of ion channels that underlie nociceptive transduction and transmission. Injections of mGlu5 agonists cause hypersensitivity or nocifensive behavior when administered peripherally, intrathecally, and centrally. In addition, pharmacological antagonism of mGlu5 has been suggested to be analgesic in a variety of animal pain models. Unfortunately, the selectivity of antagonists used in these studies has been called into question, suggesting that at least some of …

Calcium-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases Are Critical Modulators Of Fear Learning And Experience-Dependent Plasticity, Lindsay Wieczorek

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Stress can exacerbate psychiatric disease, often resulting in cognitive deficits. Consequently, a better understanding of what modulates stress-facilitated memory processing will help identify new targets for possible therapeutic intervention. Recent evidence suggests a role of the Ca2+-stimulated adenylyl cyclases: AC), AC1 and AC8, in modulating fear memory. Ca2+-stimulated AC activity couples neuronal activity and intracellular Ca2+ increases to the production of cAMP, and therefore, can very tightly regulate signal transduction after learning; yet, the details by which this occurs are not well understood. In this dissertation, I first investigated the temporal and regional importance of Ca2+-stimulated AC activity during different …

Automatic Crash Recovery: Internet Explorer's Black Box, John Moran, Douglas Orr

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

A good portion of today's investigations include, at least in part, an examination of the user's web history. Although it has lost ground over the past several years, Microsoft's Internet Explorer still accounts for a large portion of the web browser market share. Most users are now aware that Internet Explorer will save browsing history, user names, passwords and form history. Consequently some users seek to eliminate these artifacts, leaving behind less evidence for examiners to discover during investigations. However, most users, and probably a good portion of examiners are unaware Automatic Crash Recovery can leave a gold mine of …

Toward Alignment Between Communities Of Practice And Knowledge-Based Decision Support, Jason Nichols, David Biros, Mark Weiser

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

The National Repository of Digital Forensics Information (NRDFI) is a knowledge repository for law enforcement digital forensics investigators (LEDFI). Over six years, the NRDFI has undertaken significant design revisions in order to more closely align the architecture of the system with theory addressing motivation to share knowledge and communication within ego-centric groups and communities of practice. These revisions have been met with minimal change in usage patterns by LEDFI community members, calling into question the applicability of relevant theory when the domain for knowledge sharing activities expands beyond the confines of an individual organization to a community of practice. When …

An Australian Perspective On The Challenges For Computer And Network Security For Novice Endusers, Patryk Szewczyk

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

It is common for end-users to have difficulty in using computer or network security appropriately and thus have often been ridiculed when misinterpreting instructions or procedures. This discussion paper details the outcomes of research undertaken over the past six years on why security is overly complex for endusers. The results indicate that multiple issues may render end-users vulnerable to security threats and that there is no single solution to address these problems. Studies on a small group of senior citizens has shown that educational seminars can be beneficial in ensuring that simple security aspects are understood and used appropriately.

Extraction Of Electronic Evidence From Voip: Identification & Analysis Of Digital Speech, David Irwin, Arek Dadej, Jill Slay

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

The Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is increasing in popularity as a cost effective and efficient means of making telephone calls via the Internet. However, VoIP may also be an attractive method of communication to criminals as their true identity may be hidden and voice and video communications are encrypted as they are deployed across the Internet. This produces a new set of challenges for forensic analysts compared with traditional wire-tapping of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) infrastructure, which is not applicable to VoIP. Therefore, other methods of recovering electronic evidence from VoIP are required. This research investigates the …

The Process Of Making Amends In The Alcoholics Anonymous Program: A Qualitative Study, Allison Seperack

Open Access Master's Theses

This study explored the process of making amends in the A.A. program, specifically the effects that good and bad amends have on sobriety. Six A.A. members were recruited and participated in 30-50 minute long individual interviews to discuss the effects of good and bad amends. Interviews were transcribed and coded and five themes were developed. The fear of responsibility described the in-depth and fearful process participants underwent in admitting to past harms. Second chances at healthy relationships described the positive influences the good amends had on the self, the Higher Power, and the person to whom the amends were made. …

Gendered Patterns In High Achievement In Mathematics For Grades 4, 6, And 8, Laura J. Falvey

Open Access Dissertations

The issue of underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers is especially important to the future of the United States in current times when STEM careers play an increasingly important role in the global economy (Toulmin & Groome, 2007; United States Department of Labor, 2007). The pool of students who enter careers in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics first appear in elementary school and overwhelmingly come from those with high achievement in mathematics (Berryman, 1983; Tai, Liu, Maltese, & Fan, 2006).

This study examined mathematics achievement data for students in grades 4, 6, and 8 in …

Personal Photography, Mobile Media, And Postmodernity: Analyzing Space, Time, And The Visual Culture Of Social Networking, Kevin J. Reardon

Open Access Master's Theses

Contemporary society is overwhelmed with images. Personal photography has in recent decades gone through a considerable change in terms of practice and technology. Traditional forms of production, dissemination and presentation are being uprooted and replaced by new ones. One cause for this change is the emergence of new technologies such as Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) and Social Network Sites (SNS). These technologies are collapsing the traditional temporal and spatial aspects of personal photography. These current technologies and practices have a distinct relationship with postmodernity. This research is interested in the epistemological implications of these changes. This research utilized a critical …

Multiple Health Behavior Risks: Redefining Co-Action And Investigating Multiple Health Behavior Change Using The Transtheoretical Model, Jayson Spas

Open Access Dissertations

Despite considerable evidence to support efficacious and effective intervention for single health behaviors, relatively little is known about simultaneous multiple health behavior change. This research analyzed multiple health behavior change for three very different health risk behaviors. The sample (N=9,461) was predominantly White (93.8%), middle-aged (X= 43.9 years-old, SD=10.74) adults who met criteria for smoking, unhealthy diet, and unprotected sun exposure. Specifically, when sun protection and diet, smoking and diet, and smoking and sun protection were analyzed as three sets of behavior pairs from baseline to 24-month follow-up, results consistently demonstrated that simultaneous intervention on multiple health behavior risks increased …

Long Term Weight Variability In Adults Of Adventist Health Study 1 And 2, Namgyal Lhawang Kyulo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: The effect of overweight and obesity on the risk of fatal disease tends to attenuate with age. One plausible explanation is that a proportion of elderly people in the ideal weight category (19 to 25 kg/m ) experienced disease-related weight loss - an effect that will attenuate health risk related to overweight and obesity. One potential approach to controlling for this bias would be to examine fluctuations in weight during the adult lifespan by considering multiple measures of weight or recall of body weight during adulthood. Some of these measures are available in the Adventist Health Study cohorts and …

Teachers’ Perception Of Bullying Among Youth: Hindsight Bias In Relation To Victim Responses, Karen J. Sherman

Open Access Dissertations

Bullying, a common, persistent, and detrimental occurrence in schools, adversely affects the social, emotional, behavioral, and psychological well-being of children and youth. Independent variables that have been studied among children and youth involved in bullying in school settings are delineated, ways that bullying has been assessed and reported are described and critiqued, and the effect of hindsight bias is reviewed. Forty-eight vignettes were constructed by crossing (a) four kinds of social contact (physical aggression, verbal aggression, relational aggression, and non-aggression) with (b) male and female actors, (c) male and female and receivers, and (d) reaction of the receiver (aggressive, passive, …