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Age As A Factor In Inter-Tissue Spacing Of Stable Carbon Isotope Values In Juvenile Human Remains From The Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, Annie Laurie Norris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although stable isotope analysis is routinely utilized in bioarchaeology and relies on principles that are well-understood, there are still fundamental issues that have not been thoroughly investigated. This thesis examines the relationship between inter-tissue spacing of carbon stable isotope values (δ13C) and age in juvenile human remains. Analyses of tissues within the same individual reveal disparate isotopic values for a variety of physiological and biological reasons discussed herein. This project examines the distance between the δ13C values in bone collagen, skin, hair, and nail, and examines how these distances vary between different age groups, utilizing data collected from 52 well-preserved …

New York Law School Magazine, Vol. 32, No.1, New York Law School

New York Law School Magazine

Features:

Unshared bounty: The Racial Justice Project Reports on Food Deserts

NYLS ‘90s Grads: Where Are They Now?

Professor Lenni B. Benson Taps the NYLS Network to Impact Immigration Law

Bullying That Follows You Home And Further: What Can Be Done To Protect Children?, Donna S. Cross

ECU Research Week

No abstract provided.

Identification Of The Biogenic Compounds Responsible For Size-Dependent Nanoparticle Growth, Paul M. Winkler, John Ortega, Thomas Karl, Luca Cappellin, Hans R. Friedli, Kelley Barsanti, Peter H. Mcmurry, James N. Smith

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The probability that freshly nucleated nanoparticles can survive to become cloud condensation nuclei is highly sensitive to particle growth rates. Much of the growth of newly formed ambient nanoparticles can be attributed to oxidized organic vapors originating from biogenic precursor gases. In this study we investigated the chemical composition of size-selected biogenic nanoparticles in the size range from 10 to 40 nm. Particles were formed in a flow tube reactor by ozonolysis ofα-pinene and analyzed with a Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer. While we found similar composition in 10 and 20 nm particles, the relative amounts of …

Multiuser Perspectives On Separated, On-Street Bicycle Infrastructure, Christopher Monsere, Nathan Mcneil, Jennifer Dill

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the early fall of 2009, the Bureau of Transportation in Portland, Oregon, installed a cycle track and a pair of buffered bike lanes in downtown Portland. A major objective was to test facilities that were thought to bring higher levels of comfort to bicycle riders through increased separation from motor vehicle traffic. After one year of use, an evaluation was conducted to determine how the facilities affected the experience of the various users. Intercept surveys of cyclists (n 5 248), motorists (n 5 262), pedestrians (n 5 198), and adjacent businesses (n 5 59) showed improved perceptions of safety …

Calling For Justice In The Goldfields Of Tanzania, Madoshi H. Makene, Jody Emel, James T. Murphy

Geography

Tanzania is the third largest gold exporter in Africa, thanks in part to the liberalization of the mining sector which started in the early 1990s. Neoliberal mining reforms promised a win-win situation in which government, investors and local host communities would benefit through export earnings, profits, local employment, andcorporate social responsibility initiatives (e.g., the building of schools and clinics). While the rising price of gold and foreign investments in mining activities have delivered on some of these promises, many residents in mining regions have not benefited socioeconomically. Worse still, their communities have unjustly borne the brunt of the environmental, social, …

The Effects Of Host Nutritional Status And Dietary Factors On The Treatment Efficacy Of Albendazole In School-Age Children Infected With Hookworm In The Kintampo North District Of Ghana, Sara Ann Nguyen

Public Health Theses

Background: In endemic settings unable to support economic growth, inexpensive anthelminthics, such as albendazole, are the cornerstone for hookworm infection treatment and control. However, the overall efficacy of albendazole against hookworm may be reduced after periodic chemotherapy. (Hotez et al., 2004) In addition, there are few studies exploring the role of nutritional status as a potential host factor influencing drug response and the constituents of diet has often been overlooked when determining anthelminthic efficacy, despite previous accounts of nutrient content of a meal or consumed food item affecting drug metabolism. Evaluating nutritional status as a potential host factor may partly …

Intimate Partner Violence And Breastfeeding Outcomes: An Examination Of The 2007 Zambia Demographic And Health Survey, Eunie Park

Public Health Theses

Objective: To assess associations of experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and breastfeeding behaviors among a large, population-based sample of Zambian women using the 2007 Zambian Demographic and Health Survey (2007 ZDHS).

Methods: All women with a last-born infant aged under 2 years in Zambia who participated in the 2007 ZDHS Domestic Violence Module were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of experiences of lifetime IPV, type of IPV, current IPV, and IPV during any pregnancy to the following breastfeeding outcomes: early breastfeeding initiation, use of prelacteal feeds, any breastfeeding (N=1892), and exclusive …

Stress And The Diabetes Mind: Job Loss Predicts Cognitive Function In The Health And Retirement Study, Hutson Dempsey Olsen

Public Health Theses

Introduction

Diabetes is a proposed cause of dementia and age-related cognitive decline. While the effects of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are well-known, scholarship tends to neglect distinct but related pathologies, such as chronic stress. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a common proxy- mid-life involuntary job loss- is associated with reduced cognitive function among a cohort of diabetics. A second objective was to determine if age of diabetes onset moderates this relationship.

Methods

This cross-sectional study gathered diabetes data from the 2003 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Mail Survey on Diabetes, while measures of cognitive function …

Hpv Type Distribution In New Haven County, Ct Among Women With Cin2+ Diagnoses From 2008-2010, Chelsea Anne Russ

Public Health Theses

Background

The human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of cervical cancer leading to >12,000 cervical cancer diagnoses and >4,000 deaths in the United States in 2007. In 2006, the first HPV vaccine was approved by the US FDA, which prevents the acquisition of high-risk types of HPV (16/18) that cause 70% cervical cancer cases in the US and 50% of precancerous lesions. Our objectives were to examine HPV type distribution among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2+) by area-based measures of race, ethnicity, and poverty and individual level characteristics.

Methods

In 2008, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) …

Influence Of Quercetin-Rich Food Intake On Microrna Expression In Lung Cancer Tissues, Stephanie Shao

Public Health Theses

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has the highest cancer-related mortality rate. Epidemiologic studies, including the Environment and Genetics in Lung Cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study, have reported that frequent consumption of quercetin-rich foods is inversely associated with lung cancer incidence. Although experimental studies suggest that quercetin intake might modulate microRNA (miR) expression, this mechanism has not been fully examined. We investigated this hypothesis in lung carcinogenesis using EAGLE lung cancer tissues.

Methods: miR expression data were measured by a custom-made array in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 264 lung cancer cases (144 adenocarcinomas and …

An Analysis Of Patterns And Predictors Associated With Patient Compliance Using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling, Kevin Nhat Tran

Public Health Theses

The purpose of the study was to identify differential trajectories of patient compliance in a clinical trial and to determine demographic and health risk factors associated with compliance trajectory membership. The data was obtained from an 18 month, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial looking at the long-term impact of increased dietary protein on bone mass in older men and women. Two hundred and eight subjects were randomized to either a protein treatment or carbohydrate placebo group. Statistical analysis utilized a group-based trajectory modeling framework to identify distinct clusters of individuals who follow similar compliance trajectories over time. Post hoc analysis using multinomial …

Quantifying The Effect Of Nutrition Assistance Program Design, Amanda Sophia Tripp

Public Health Theses

Federal food assistance and nutrition programs share a mission of helping low-income households achieve adequate nutrition, but the benefit structures of the programs differ significantly. The Women, Infants and Children program (WIC) offers vouchers for a limited number of nutritious foods, while the Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program (SNAP) has few restrictions on benefit use. The objectives of this research were to compare the composition of grocery purchases among WIC and SNAP households and assess the effect of benefit design on total grocery purchases. To accomplish these objectives, transaction data from a supermarket chain was used to assess store purchases …

Fundraising Practices In Connecticut Public Elementary Schools (2009-2010), Sarah Aspinwall

Public Health Theses

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

School environments are key locations to improve children's nutrition and promote physical activity on a national scale. Competitive foods, high in fat and/or sugar, are widely available in schools. Fundraising practices have been identified as a key contributor to the undermining of healthy school environments. In order to develop strong policy initiatives for competitive foods it is necessary to understand current fundraising practices. The purpose of this study is to describe fundraising in Connecticut elementary schools for the 2009-2010 school year.

METHODS

Respondents were solicited from a random sample of the 663 Connecticut public elementary schools, stratified by …

Medical And Family History And The Risk Of Endometrial Cancer, Xiaolu Bi

Public Health Theses

BACKGROUND: Women with a medical history of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure or other selected medical conditions, as well as a family history of cancer, are assumed to be at increased risk of endometrial cancer. This study was designed to test these assumptions, as evidence for them is lacking. METHODS: We carried out a population-based case-control study in Connecticut between 2004 and 2008, including 668 endometrial cancer cases and 674 controls from eligible residents matched with age. Medical histories and family history of cancers were reported and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate …

Exhibiting Health: Museums As A Venue For Public Health Intervention, Jacqueline Katherine Bruleigh

Public Health Theses

Public health interventions are as broad as the field itself. Through this paper, I will highlight the missed opportunity that museums present as an intervention site for public health. I will then discuss the design, content, challenges, successes, and directions for growth of a specific exhibition (Big Food: Health, Culture, and the Evolution of Eating), as an example of successfully translating public health into the museum context, which could be used as a starting point for further interventions in this underutilized venue.

A Pilot Project To Assess The Effect Of Tobacco Smoking On Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility And Severity, Milena Anne Gianfrancesco

Public Health Theses

The field of multiple sclerosis (MS) is in need of a consistent method of measuring smoking to examine its role in disease risk and severity. A pilot study was conducted to examine the association between smoking and disease risk in MS cases (n=26) and controls (n=26). Disease severity within MS patients was assessed through clinical and radiological outcomes. These measures were confirmed within a larger dataset of MS patients (n=512) that additionally contained genotyping information. There were no significant differences in disease risk or severity in the pilot study. Within the larger dataset, clinical score trended toward significance (p=0.13). Stratification …

The Health Status Of Prisoners At Three Rural Haitian Prisons, Katherine Grace Lamonaca

Public Health Theses

Background: Aside from documented high prevalence of infectious disease, little is known about the health status of prisoners in developing countries. In Haiti, prisons typically lack adequate food, clean water, and medical care. Some prisoners, however, may receive additional food from visitors during designated food delivery hours. This study sought to characterize the overall health status of Haitian prisoners as well as to begin to explore the impact of incarceration on health status. We hypothesized that prisoners who had more visitors and shorter lengths of detention would be more likely to have better overall health status, measured by having a …

Everyday Discrimination And Life Space In Older African American Adults, Quiana Joyce Lewis

Public Health Theses

The current study seeks to explore the association between self-reported experiences of discrimination and life space. Life space is a multidimensional construct that measures the spatial area for which a person intentionally interacts on a daily basis. We explored the cross-sectional association between self-reported experiences of discrimination and life space in a sample of 350 African American older adults recruited between August 2004 and January 2010 from various community-based organizations, churches, and senior facilities within the greater Chicago, IL area. The study participants reported low amounts of discrimination and large life spaces (approximately two-thirds of the population ventured outside of …

Making A Change: Motivational Interviewing In A College Group Setting, Hannah Jo Culbertson

Honors Program Theses

Motivational interviewing is a client-centered counseling style that aims to help reduce ambivalence and create a behavior change. It is typically done in a one-on-one setting. The purpose of this research was to test a group educational session based on motivational interviewing strategies, for its effectiveness in evoking an individualized behavior changes in a group of college students. The session utilized several techniques specifically chosen to be most effective in reducing ambivalence and helping students discover their own individual solution to a problem in order to more successfully make a health related change in their lives.

The Rising Threat Of Food Security; A Keynesian Solution To A Global Problem, Auour Heoinsdottir

Dissertations and Theses

"Is food security a threat to Global security? Recent history suggests so. After all, since 1947 the international community has struggled to implement agreements on agriculture in the name of preserving peace. Most recently, in the last of the Doha Development Round negotiations, efforts have been made to enhance food security (with measures such as equal access to resources, trade liberation, and the removal of tariffs for developing countries). In my thesis I will explore both the theory of these policies and their efficacy in practice. More specifically, I will examine the limitations of past policies (such as ""anti-dumping"") aimed …

Slave Drivers; Increased Foraging By Host Workers Under The Slave-Making Ant Plotomognathus Americanus, Kevin Purce

Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

A Woman Changing Into A Tadpole, Carmela Falcaro

Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

The Security & Development Nexus, Manizha Sayar

Dissertations and Theses

In the 21st century the need for conflict and post-conflict reconstruction efforts have increased since a number of conflicts in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe necessitated the building of newly-democratized states while aiming to achieve security and promoting development. The difficulties that arise when helping to reconstruct states that have failed or those approaching a “failed state” status is that they are neither stable nor have a secure environment which prevent the opportunity for economic development, despite reconstruction efforts. These are the most difficult of situations due to the interconnectedness and direct correlation of the two significant criterions for established …

Contagious Ecthyma In A Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep From Utah, David J. Wilson, Leslie Mcfarlane

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In December 2008, near Flaming Gorge Reservoir in northeastern Utah, a 2 ½-year-old male Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) was reported in poor body condition with bloody lesions covering the muzzle area. The sheep was euthanized, and samples were submitted to the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Logan, Utah. The gross and microscopic lesions confirmed the diagnosis of contagious ecthyma (CE). This is the first documented report of CE in bighorn sheep from Utah.

Lead From Spent Ammunition: A Source Of Exposure And Poisoning In Bald Eagles, Luis Cruz-Martinez, Patrick T. Redig, John Deen

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Ongoing occurrence of elevated levels of lead in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) following the ban on lead shot for waterfowl hunting led us to hypothesize that spent lead from ammunition, which is present in field residues of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), represented a source of lead exposure in eagles. We conducted a case-control study using data from 1,277 bald eagles admitted for rehabilitation from January 1996 through December 2009. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to predict the odds of elevated lead levels using admission date in relation to deer hunting season, recovery location in …

Dental Caries And Body Mass Index In A Sample Of 12-Year-Old Eastern Turkish Children, Kenan Cantekin, Taskin Gurbuz, Sezer Demirbuga, Tevfik Demirci, Gülsüm Duruk

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among 12-year-old Turkish children. Materials and methods The clinical study was performed on 224 12-year-old children at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, to determine their dental caries and malnutrition status. To assess the nutritional status, the weight for age, height for age, and BMI were determined. The BMI status was categorized into four groups: 1 (underweight), 2 (normal weight), 3 (overweight), and 4 (obese). The occurrence of dental caries was determined using the …

Is There A Place For Children In The New World Order, Gary B. Melton

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Physician Assisted Suicide: Its Challenge To The Prevailing Constitutional Paradigm, John H. Robinson

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

The Cease-Fire May Be Premature… Reactions To Cease-Fire On The Family, Allan Carlson

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.