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2012

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"The Poor Man's Friend In Need": Baird, Burns And Miller, David Robb Aug 2012

"The Poor Man's Friend In Need": Baird, Burns And Miller, David Robb

Studies in Scottish Literature

Surveys the career of the Rev. George Baird (1761-1840), principal of the University of Edinburgh and minister of Edinburgh's High Kirk, assessing Baird's edition of the poems of Michael Bruce (1796), tracing his early encounter with the Scottish poet Robert Burns and his later connection with the self-educated Scottish writer and geologist Hugh Miller, and describing his efforts to relieve destitution and improve education in the west and north of Scotland and his extensive travels on behalf of the General Assembly's Highlands and Islands Committee.


Numeric Estimation And Response Options: An Examination Of The Measurement Properties Of Numeric And Vague Quantifier Responses, Mohammad T. Al Baghal Aug 2012

Numeric Estimation And Response Options: An Examination Of The Measurement Properties Of Numeric And Vague Quantifier Responses, Mohammad T. Al Baghal

Survey Research and Methodology Program: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Many survey questions ask respondents to provide responses that contain quantitative information. These questions are often asked requiring open ended numeric responses, while others have been asked using vague quantifier scales. How these questions are asked, particularly in terms of the response format, can have an important impact on the data. Therefore, the response format is of particular importance for ensuring that any use of the data contains the best possible information. Generally, survey researchers have argued against the use of vague quantifier scales. This dissertation compares various measurement properties between numeric open ended and vague quantifier responses, using three …


Rhetoric And Composition Constructs “The Veteran”: An Examination Of The Student Veteran Identity As Found In Ccc And Tetyc Since September 11, 2001, Linda Gail Smith Aug 2012

Rhetoric And Composition Constructs “The Veteran”: An Examination Of The Student Veteran Identity As Found In Ccc And Tetyc Since September 11, 2001, Linda Gail Smith

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Drawing on David L. Wallace’s assertion that the field of rhetoric and composition needs to interpret and present our research into cultural communities in ways that no longer tacitly assume our rhetorical choices are neutral, I present a critique of 19 articles from College Composition and Communication and Teaching English in the Two-Year College that contained one or more instances of five keywords and direct references to student veterans. Using a theoretical framework built from theory by James Berlin, Thomas Huckin, and Marguerite Helmers, I expose various stereotypical and problematic tropes we rely on and re-create in our scholarly writing …


Cmos Characterization, Modeling, And Circuit Design In The Presence Of Random Local Variation, Benjamin A. Millemon Sr. Aug 2012

Cmos Characterization, Modeling, And Circuit Design In The Presence Of Random Local Variation, Benjamin A. Millemon Sr.

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Random local variation in CMOS transistors complicates characterization procedures, modeling efforts, simulation tools, and circuit design methodologies in highly scaled CMOS devices. Mismatch is not only a concern for closely matched device pairs in analog circuits; digital circuit designers also have to consider the effects of random variation. Device characterization, modeling, process development, and circuit design engineers have to work together to mitigate the impact of random local variation. This thesis outlines the primary challenges of CMOS characterization, modeling, and circuit design in the presence of random local variation and offers guidelines and solutions to help mitigate and model the …


Reforming The Chinese Sports System: A Case Study Of The Hebei Provincial Tennis Team - The Perspective And Analysis Of A Foreigner Working In The System, Matthew Bryan Haugen Aug 2012

Reforming The Chinese Sports System: A Case Study Of The Hebei Provincial Tennis Team - The Perspective And Analysis Of A Foreigner Working In The System, Matthew Bryan Haugen

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a case study of the Hebei tennis program, which works under the auspices of the Chinese governmental sports system. The research is intended to take the reader on a chronological journey through the Chinese sports system, beginning with the infrastructure of the program, the identification and selection process of players, the methodology of education, training, and competition, the benefits and hardships, and its future as a state-controlled entity.

It is a multidisciplinary thesis that uses the Hebei tennis program and my job as the head coach to provide analysis and perspective of daily life in the Chinese …


Transformative Multicultural Science Curriculum: A Case Study Of Middle School Robotics, Mary Katheryn Grimes Aug 2012

Transformative Multicultural Science Curriculum: A Case Study Of Middle School Robotics, Mary Katheryn Grimes

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Multicultural Science has been a topic of research and discourse over the past several years. However, most of the literature concerning this topic (or paradigm) has centered on programs in tribal or Indigenous schools. Under the framework of instructional congruence, this case study explored how elementary and middle school students in a culturally diverse charter school responded to a Multicultural Science program. Furthermore, this research sought to better understand the dynamics of teaching and learning strategies used within the paradigm of Multicultural Science. The school's Robotics class, a class typically stereotyped as fitting within the misconceptions associated with the Western …


Improving Literacy Through Instruction And Community Experiences: : The Effect Of A Summer Program On Literacy Outcomes Of Students From Low Ses Homes, Lisa Delozier Bowers Aug 2012

Improving Literacy Through Instruction And Community Experiences: : The Effect Of A Summer Program On Literacy Outcomes Of Students From Low Ses Homes, Lisa Delozier Bowers

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Among the academic challenges faced by students from low socio-economic (SES) homes is the loss of academic skills during the summer months. Unfortunately, the public schools are often unable to provide summer learning opportunities because limited space, funding, and teacher availability. Established community organizations frequently provide summer programs, however, there is little research to indicate that they can be used to address summer learning loss.

A summer program was designed to improve oral and written narrative skills for students from low SES homes. This program was based in a local community ministry and was designed to use thematic units that …


Agreement In Mother And Father Acceptance-Rejection, Warmth, And Hostility/Rejection/Neglect Of Children Across Nine Countries, Diane L. Putnick, Marc H. Bornstein, Jennifer E. Lansford, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Sevtap Gurdal, Kenneth A. Dodge, Patrick S. Malone, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Arnaldo Zelli, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Anna Silvia Bombi Aug 2012

Agreement In Mother And Father Acceptance-Rejection, Warmth, And Hostility/Rejection/Neglect Of Children Across Nine Countries, Diane L. Putnick, Marc H. Bornstein, Jennifer E. Lansford, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Sevtap Gurdal, Kenneth A. Dodge, Patrick S. Malone, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Arnaldo Zelli, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Anna Silvia Bombi

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

We assessed whether mothers’ and fathers’ self-reports of acceptance-rejection, warmth, and hostility/rejection/neglect (HRN) of their pre-adolescent children differ cross-nationally and relative to the gender of the parent and child in 10 communities in 9 countries, including China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States (N = 998 families). Mothers and fathers in all countries reported a high degree of acceptance and warmth, and a low degree of HRN, but countries also varied. Mothers reported greater acceptance of children than fathers in China, Italy, Sweden, and the United States, and these effects were accounted for …


Organizational Settings And Profiles Of Servant Leadership, Dalton Elder Mook Aug 2012

Organizational Settings And Profiles Of Servant Leadership, Dalton Elder Mook

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study sought to determine the perception of servant leadership in business-model organizational settings and to assess the potential significance between servant leadership perception and variables, both demographic and others, related to volunteer service. Using the Servant Leadership Scale (Liden et al., 2008), a 28-item survey, combined with 9 additional questions, individuals in five organizational settings in the Southeast region of the United States of America were queried via an online survey method distributed by email. Respondents from each organization reported an overall perception of servant leadership according to the seven-dimension means of emotional healing, creating value for the community, …


Honorable Shame: The Rhetorical Use Of Didactic Shame Discourse In Ezekiel 36:16-32, Ronald Mudge Aug 2012

Honorable Shame: The Rhetorical Use Of Didactic Shame Discourse In Ezekiel 36:16-32, Ronald Mudge

Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation

Mudge, Ronald R. "Honorable Shame: The Rhetorical Use of Didactic Shame Discourse in Ezekiel 36:16-36" Ph.D. diss., Concordia Seminary, 2012.328 pp.

After promising Israel such wonderful gifts as a new heart and a return to the land, Ezek36:16-32 ends with a command for Israel to be ashamed. Biblical scholars have offered a number of different explanations for this unusual order without consensus.

A methodology that employs sociological interpretation and rhetorical analysis covers new ground and resolves the crux of Ezek 36:16-32. A basic word study demonstrates that primary shame lexemes in Ezekiel refer to low status as judged by an …


Motivation And Attitudes Toward Learning French In The University's Foreign Language Classroom, Brianna Johnson Aug 2012

Motivation And Attitudes Toward Learning French In The University's Foreign Language Classroom, Brianna Johnson

Theses

In second language research and pedagogy, motivation has been labeled as a key factor for success (Clément, 1980; Dörnyei, 1998; Tremblay & Gardner, 1995; Deci & Ryan, 1985); namely, language learners with high levels of motivation will be more successful than those who exhibit more negative attitudes towards learning the TL. Through classroom observations, student survey responses and personal interviews conducted in a beginner-level university French class, this study attempted to determine broad motivational patterns using Gardner's (1982) binary integrative and instrumental model, and then determine specific origins for these motivations. Four interviewees were selected: two with high instrumental and …


Thy Brother’S Keeper? The Relationship Between Social Distance And Intensity Of Dehumanization During Genocide, Lisa Haagensen, Marnix Croes Aug 2012

Thy Brother’S Keeper? The Relationship Between Social Distance And Intensity Of Dehumanization During Genocide, Lisa Haagensen, Marnix Croes

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This paper puts forth the hypothesis that the degree of social distance between perpetrator and vic- tim groups prior to the outbreak of genocide is inversely related to the degree of severity of dehu- manization employed by the perpetrator group during genocide. Derived from psychological theory, this hypothesis is illustrated by using a primarily literature-based method of analysis combined with a vignette-designed severity of dehumanization scale. Three genocides are compared: the Rwandan Genocide, the Holocaust as it occurred in Western Europe, and the Holocaust as it occurred in East- ern Europe. The findings for Rwanda and the Holocaust in Eastern …


Against All Odds: Relations Between Nato And The Mena Region, Florence Gaub Dr. Aug 2012

Against All Odds: Relations Between Nato And The Mena Region, Florence Gaub Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

While NATO was created with a primary outlook to the East, its Southern rim was neglected strategically until the end of the Cold War. Since then, the Alliance has undertaken a number of efforts to build strategic relationships with the Middle East and North Africa, recognizing the region’s importance for Allied security. However, looming obstacles may well interfer with NATO's efforts to enhance relations with the region. Geostrategic realities are not in NATO’s favor: it is a region of crisis; suspicious of the West in general; riddled with internal instability; and is a difficult to build ties with. This monograph …


2012-13 Key Strategic Issues List, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii Aug 2012

2012-13 Key Strategic Issues List, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Update No. 1 and Update No. 2 to the KSIL are now available with additional topics.

Unlike other lists that generally reflect issues which are operational or tactical in nature, the focus of the Key Strategic Issues List is strategic. The spotlight is, in other words, on those items that senior Army and Department of Defense leaders should consider in providing military advice and formulating military strategy. At present, the U.S. military is engaged in a changing situation in Iraq and an increasing presence in Afghanistan, as well as efforts to restore balance in force sizing and structure.


Culture, Identity, And Information Technology In The 21st Century: Implications For U.S. National Security, Pauline Kusiak Dr. Aug 2012

Culture, Identity, And Information Technology In The 21st Century: Implications For U.S. National Security, Pauline Kusiak Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

While it is impossible to predict the values and beliefs of future generations, a modest forecast is made by tracing global trends in the use of language and media, as well as in the use of information and communication technologies. The potential implications of these culture and identity trends for the strength of the U.S. “signal” in the global info-communication sphere are analyzed. The author suggests that the information that will dominate the 21st century, particularly the beliefs and values of foreign societies, may increasingly and more directly impact our own national security, making it ever more critical for policymakers …


Linguistic And Clinical Validation Of The Arabic-Translated Aberdeen Menorrhagia Severity Scale As An Indicator Of Quality Of Life For Women With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Basim F. Abu-Rafea, George A. Vilos, Khalida Javaid, Hazem M. Al-Mandeel Aug 2012

Linguistic And Clinical Validation Of The Arabic-Translated Aberdeen Menorrhagia Severity Scale As An Indicator Of Quality Of Life For Women With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Basim F. Abu-Rafea, George A. Vilos, Khalida Javaid, Hazem M. Al-Mandeel

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To develop a conceptually and semantically valid Arabic version of a validated disease-specific instrument of quality of life (QoL) for women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2010 and December 2011 following ethics approval. Forward translation of the Aberdeen Menorrhagia Severity Scale (AMSS) from English into Arabic was followed by backward translation of the consensus target (Arabic) version into the source (English) language. Subsequently, a final target (Arabic) language version was created. Sixty-one Arabic-speaking women …


Implications Of Self-Other Overlap In Unsuccessful Romantic Relationships, Josephine A. Bell Aug 2012

Implications Of Self-Other Overlap In Unsuccessful Romantic Relationships, Josephine A. Bell

Graduate Masters Theses

The social psychological concept of self-other overlap describes how identities and cognitive representations of people have a tendency to merge as they become closer to one another. Because greater self-other overlap tends to be associated with such positive characteristics as closeness and intimacy, it has generally been considered a desirable trait in relationships. In a previous study (Bell, 2009), preliminary evidence supported the idea that there may in fact be negative consequences to having higher levels of self-other overlap in relationships with domestic violence, including diminished self-esteem and life satisfaction. The current study expands on Bell (2009) study and examines …


German Pows, Biopolitics, & The Piney Woods: Using Foucault To Analyze Resistance At Camp Shelby's Pow Camp During World War Ii, Patricia Lynn Miller-Beech Aug 2012

German Pows, Biopolitics, & The Piney Woods: Using Foucault To Analyze Resistance At Camp Shelby's Pow Camp During World War Ii, Patricia Lynn Miller-Beech

Master's Theses

Few people realize that during World War II, Camp Shelby in south Mississippi was a detention site for German prisoners of war (POWs) where the United States government engaged in reeducation efforts to de-Nazify soldiers in order to create a democratic Germany after the war. The U.S. War Department hoped the success of this program would create allies and prevent another war in the future. Despite the reeducation program being in all POW camps in the U. S., Camp Shelby was distinctive due to the racial politics of Mississippi during the height of the Jim Crow era. It is also …


Photo-Poetics: Photographic Narratives In The New Journalism, John David Hosemann Jr. Aug 2012

Photo-Poetics: Photographic Narratives In The New Journalism, John David Hosemann Jr.

Master's Theses

Americans today have come to remember the unrest of the 1960s through the many shocking photographic images that emerged during that time. Images of assassinations, war, murders, and social upheaval have come to characterize this decade as particularly (perhaps perversely) photogenic. Further, these images have revealed the photographic medium as uniquely suited for confirming a violent reality that, at the time, seemed incomprehensible to an increasingly disillusioned public. In this discussion I seek to develop an understanding of photography as a theoretical process that can illuminate how we represent violent subject matter. In doing so, I apply these concepts to …


The Geographies Of Religious Conversion, Orlando Woods Aug 2012

The Geographies Of Religious Conversion, Orlando Woods

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The paper reviews the corpus of research that attempts to explain the process of religious conversion, and explores the ways in which geographers can add new perspectives to the discourse. It argues that religious conversion is a phenomenon that goes beyond the reorientation of individual belief, and is instead a process of change that involves the (re)definition of self and other. Five conceptual frames are proposed - (1) conversion of space; (2) spaces of conversion; (3) spaces of negotiation; (4) the (im)mobile convert; and (5) the (dis)embodied convert - which are used to help define the geographies of religious conversion.


Inventing Laughter: Comedic Writing Practices And The Limits Of Pedagogical Power, Daniel Liddle Aug 2012

Inventing Laughter: Comedic Writing Practices And The Limits Of Pedagogical Power, Daniel Liddle

All Theses

This thesis conducts an examination of the writing methods used by stand-up comedians using the lens of the rhetorical canon of invention. The study applies the theories of Thomas Rickert, Diane Davis, Ann Berthoff, and Janice Lauer in order to define the relationship between humor and epistemology, and to consider how this comedic-epistemic perspective can inform pedagogical practices in the composition classroom. This study relies mainly on the rhetorical analysis of 'How To' books on writing comedy, the methodologies of schools of comedy, as well as biographies by/about comedians in order to discuss the relationship between comedians and their 'material.' …


A Lacanian Perspective On Literature, Translation And The Reader's (Inter-)Subjectivity : Read My Text And Tell Me Who You Are, On Yee, Franziska Cheng Aug 2012

A Lacanian Perspective On Literature, Translation And The Reader's (Inter-)Subjectivity : Read My Text And Tell Me Who You Are, On Yee, Franziska Cheng

Lingnan Theses

My purpose in this research is to raise some theoretical issues in the study of literature and translation. One dominating attribute of a piece of literary text is its poetic linguistic features, e.g. ambiguity, irony, contradictions and linguistic tension. However, these traits of literary texts are theorized by Julia Kristeva as the manifestation of the drive’s dismantling of what Jacques Lacan characterizes as the Symbolic, hence an almost schizophrenic collection of disruptions of the relation between the signifiers and the signifieds. I intend to push this argument further into the realm of translation, arguing that even though it is impossible …


Dissolute Pluralism: An Ethics Of Queer Thought, Kristin P. Mccartney Aug 2012

Dissolute Pluralism: An Ethics Of Queer Thought, Kristin P. Mccartney

College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Every practice has a theory, but multiracial queer social movements have centered theory in their praxis. In consciousness-raising and affinity groups, listservs and electronic forums, zines and community action research projects, participants frame the task of thought itself as collective and interactive, subject not just to evolving norms, but also to vicissitudes of duration, location, and timing, medium, ritual, and personality. I argue that the ephemeral character of these interventions is not incidental or regrettable, but designed to encourage organic participation and obstruct institutional codification. In turn, these values and tactics call academics to interrogate how they enter into this …


Does Anyone Here Speak Tashelhait? Perspectives On Environment, Identity And Social Change In South Morocco, Lewis A. Bradford Aug 2012

Does Anyone Here Speak Tashelhait? Perspectives On Environment, Identity And Social Change In South Morocco, Lewis A. Bradford

College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Morocco’s inclusion in Middle Eastern Studies obscures from view a diverse culture that includes large Black Moroccan communities who reside primarily in Morocco’s desert provinces. “Blackness” and all of its corresponding complexity is not generally associated with the countries and cultures of North Africa in either academic or popular discourse. Black Moroccan communities challenge us to expand our understanding of the Middle East and Africa by forcing us to include Black identities that do not explicitly align themselves with the space of the African continent. How do we define Blackness and Africaness when it is outside of its traditional juxtaposition …


Toward A Theory Of Media Reconciliation: An Exploratory Study Of Closed Captioning, Nicole Snell Aug 2012

Toward A Theory Of Media Reconciliation: An Exploratory Study Of Closed Captioning, Nicole Snell

All Dissertations

This project is an interdisciplinary empirical study that explores the emotional experiences resulting from the use of the assistive technology closed captioning. More specifically, this study focuses on documenting the user experiences of both the D/deaf and Hearing multimedia user in an effort to better identify and understand those variables and processes that are involved with facilitating and supporting connotative and emotional meaning making. There is an ever present gap that defines closed captioning studies thus far, and this gap is defined by the emphasis on understanding and measuring denotative meaning making behavior while largely ignoring connotative meaning making behavior …


A New Civics In The Digital Age: Connecting Online And Offline Activism In Lithuania, Liepa Gust Aug 2012

A New Civics In The Digital Age: Connecting Online And Offline Activism In Lithuania, Liepa Gust

All Dissertations

Political participation is critical for the legitimacy of democracy, yet the majority of Lithuanians refrain from participating 20 years after the restoration of independence. Low rates of participation have been reinforced by adverse mass beliefs, including deep-rooted mistrust and political powerlessness. Given that the development of civic culture in a democratic Lithuania is occurring simultaneously with the spread of new information and communication technologies, Lithuania serves as an interesting case study of the potential of online spaces for facilitating participation. Empirical knowledge regarding the relationships between online engagement, civic attitudes, and offline activism would strengthen campaigns to promote democracy through …


The Use Of Life History Collage To Explore Learning Related To The Enactment Of Social Consciousness In Female Nonprofit Leaders, Susan R. Seymour Aug 2012

The Use Of Life History Collage To Explore Learning Related To The Enactment Of Social Consciousness In Female Nonprofit Leaders, Susan R. Seymour

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper advances a novel qualitative research approach using life history collage. Rather that utilizing an interview protocol to enter into a participant’s story, life history collage invites participants to create a longitudinal collage of significant life events around a theme such as learning, relationships, or identity. The longitudinal nature of the collage situates and prioritizes significant life events with images, words, and elements chosen to represent events and circumstances. Each image within the collage contains rich and nuanced storylines that invite exploration by both researcher and participant. Meanings and subtexts are revealed as participants describe their collage and the …


"Worlds Without End": The Cosmological Theodicy Of Brigham Young, James Chase Kirkham Aug 2012

"Worlds Without End": The Cosmological Theodicy Of Brigham Young, James Chase Kirkham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis proposes an analysis of the teachings of Brigham Young, second President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The study focuses on Young’s more striking doctrine—namely, the eternal nature of matter, the capability of humans to live after death where they would eternally gain knowledge, a universe governed by a race of exalted human beings called gods, and the potential for humans, upon reaching the status of gods and goddesses, to create planets and populate them with their children.

This study uses a three-fold method to understand why some of Young’s teachings were so remarkable. First, …


Changes In Narrative Sense-Making Over Time: The Role Of Mother–Daughter Communication During Conversations About Difficulty, Haley Kranstuber Horstman Aug 2012

Changes In Narrative Sense-Making Over Time: The Role Of Mother–Daughter Communication During Conversations About Difficulty, Haley Kranstuber Horstman

Department of Communication Studies: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The mother-daughter relationship is one of the first and often most important sites for (effective and ineffective) social support in women’s lives. Effective mother support helps daughters to make sense of and cope with life’s stressors, which leads to improved physical and psychological health. Narrative theorizing suggests that individuals cope with and make sense of their (difficult) experiences through creating and telling stories with others. Likewise, research shows that when individuals’ sense-making increases over time, they are likely to experience higher rates of well-being (Pennebaker, 1993). Yet, although narrative meaning-making is largely an interpersonal process (Koenig Kellas, 2005) that often …


Money Painting And The Duplicitous Multiple: The Interdependence Of American Copyright Legislation And Artistic Production, Jaclyn N. Siemers Aug 2012

Money Painting And The Duplicitous Multiple: The Interdependence Of American Copyright Legislation And Artistic Production, Jaclyn N. Siemers

School of Art, Art History, and Design: Theses and Student Creative Work

In this thesis I investigate the interworking and influences of the United States’ federal copyright legislation, specifically its relationship to the history of artistic production from the late nineteenth-century to the present. A detailed analysis of the evolving copyright statute, the social and legal impact of the multiple (including the counterfeit copy), and the progressive recurrence of representational money paintings will reveal the mutually dependent relationship of copyright legislation and artistic production. The progression of styles in America art—nineteenth-century trompe l’oeil illusionism, mid-century Abstract Expressionism, Pop art, and contemporary appropriation art—provides an illustrated roadmap of the complex relationship between the …