Digital Commons Network^™

Termitas Subterraneas, Erin Hodgson, Alan H. Roe

All Current Publications

Las termitas subterráneas son insectos sociales con un sistema de castas, y pertenecen al orden Isoptera y a la familia Termitidae. Estas termitas están relacionadas cercanamente a termitas de madera seca (Kalotermitidae) y de madera húmeda (Termopsidae).

Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis), L. Irene Terry, Diane Alston

All Current Publications

Western flower thrips (WTF; Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are native to western North America and are widespread throughout this region.

Slickrock Trail Mountain Bike Survey: Implications For Resource Managers And Area Communities, Douglas K. Reiter, Dale J. Blahna

All Current Publications

The Moab Slickrock Trail was the first trail designated primarily for mountain bike use and is one of the most popular mountain bike trails in the world. It was established as a motorcycle trail in 1969, but by the mid 1980s, it was primarily used by mountain bikers. The trail is located on a sandstone plateau overlooking the Colorado River, Moab Valley, and Arches National Park. T

Utahns And Recreational Trails, Steven W. Burr, Douglas K. Reiter

All Current Publications

As part of his Quality of Life endeavor, former Utah Governor Michael Leavitt initiated an effort to create a statewide trails initiative, with the aim of developing a framework for future funding processes, planning, development, and maintenance for both motorized and non-motorized trails in Utah.

Liability Issues And Agritourism Development, Steven Burr

All Current Publications

According to the Utah Farm Bureau, agritourism is “any activity that allows members of the general public, for recreational, entertainment, or educational purposes, to view or enjoy agricultural related activities.”

Mechanisms For Protecting Open Space, Charles Fausold

All Current Publications

Utah is one of the fastest growing states in the U.S. with current forecasts predicting the state’s population to increase by 50% over the next 20 years.

Black Bear Conflicts And Safety And Utah Campgrounds, Barrie Gilbert

All Current Publications

Utah had its first black bear attack in June of 1992 when a young girl was dragged from a camper at Strawberry campground.

Chinches De Cama (Bed Bugs): Para Profesionales En El Control De Pestes, Ryan S. Davis

All Current Publications

En la última década, reportes de infestaciones de chinches de cama (Cimicidae: Cimex lectularius) han estado en aumento en todo Norte América y en otros países. De acuerdo con esto, las presentaciones de chinches de cama al Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab también han aumentado. Esta hoja de datos ha sido diseñada para informar a los profesionales en el control de pestes de las complejidades involucradas en la erradicación de chinches de cama.

Campylomma (Mullein Plant Bug), Diane G. Alston, Michael E. Redding

All Current Publications

The campylomma bug (or mullein plant bug; Hemiptera: Miridae) causes sporadic damage in Utah apple orchards. Damage is inflicted by nymphs, which feed on developing fruit causing dimpling and fruit distortion. As apple fruits mature, they become less susceptible to campylomma injury. Injury appears shortly after petal fall as small corky areas alone or small corky areas surrounded by a depression. Golden Delicious is typically more susceptible to damage than Red Delicious. Pear fruit rarely suffer damage, even at high campylomma populations. Campylomma overwinter as eggs laid in the young twigs of apple, pear and other rosaceous plants. These eggs …

V.48-4, 2011 Masthead

San Diego Law Review

No abstract provided.

Introduction To The 2011 Editors’ Symposium: The Morality Of Preventive Restriction Of Liberty, Larry Alexander, Steven D. Smith

San Diego Law Review

Restricting the liberty of persons who can be held morally and legally responsible for their conduct on the ground that they might abuse that liberty and commit criminal acts is both suspect and ubiquitous. Laws that restrict the ownership of guns, explosives, and other materials out of fear that those materials will be put to illegal uses are examples of such restrictions. So, too, are restraining orders, no contact orders, and the like. Laws restricting the residency of sex offenders are another example, as are laws permitting increased incarceration on the basis of predictions of dangerousness. Detention of suspected terrorists …

Protecting Liberty And Autonomy: Desert/Disease Jurisprudence, Stephen J. Morse

San Diego Law Review

This Article begins by describing the positive law of preventive detention, which I term "desert/disease jurisprudence." Then it provides a brief excursus about risk prediction (estimation), which is at the heart of all preventive detention practices. Part IV considers whether proposed expansions of desert jurisprudence are consistent with retributive theories of justice, which ground desert jurisprudence. I conclude that this is a circle that cannot be squared. The following Part canvasses expansions of disease jurisprudence, especially the involuntary civil commitment of mentally abnormal, sexually violent predators, and the use of post-insanity acquittal involuntary commitment. This Part also considers whether disease …

Prevention As The Primary Goal Of Sentencing: The Modern Case For Indeterminate Dispositions In Criminal Cases, Christopher Slobogin

San Diego Law Review

This Article contends that properly constituted, indeterminate sentencing is both a morally defensible method of preventing crime and the optimal regime for doing so, at least for crimes against person and most other street crimes.

More specifically, the position defended in this Article is that, once a person is convicted of an offense, the duration and nature of sentence should be based on a back-end decision made by experts in recidivism reduction, within broad ranges set by the legislature. Compared to determinate sentencing, the sentencing regime advanced in this Article relies on wider sentence ranges and explicit assessments of risk, …

Prevention And Imminence, Pre-Punishment And Actuality, Gideon Yaffe

San Diego Law Review

In a variety of circumstances, it is justified to harm persons, or deprive them of liberty, in order to prevent them from doing something objectionable. We see this in interactions between individuals--think of self-defense or defense of others--and we see it in large-scale interactions among groups--think of preemptive measures taken by countries against conspiring terrorists, plotting dictators, or ambitious nations. We can argue, of course, about the details. Under exactly what conditions is it justified to inflict harm or deprive someone of liberty for reasons of prevention? But in having such arguments we agree on the fundamental idea: there are …

A Punitive Precondition For Preventive Detention: Lost Status As A Foundation For A Lost Immunity, Alec Walen

San Diego Law Review

This Article argues that the presumption that an actor will be law-abiding, like the right to liberty itself, can be forfeited by criminal actions. In other words, the point is to argue that a just punishment could involve loss of the status of being a beneficiary of this presumption just as much as it could involve the loss of liberty.

In Part II, I introduce a basic framework for detention consistent with respect for autonomy and locate the lost status view within that framework. In Part III, I spell out the lost status view in more detail and contrast it …

Inchoate Crimes At The Prevention/Punishment Divide, Kimberly Kessler Ferzan

San Diego Law Review

In this Article, I argue that inchoate crimes are best dealt with under a preventive regime. Part II argues that inchoate crimes and preparatory offenses are primarily aimed at preventing a harm and not at punishing those who deserve it. It also revisits concerns with punishing incomplete attempts that Larry Alexander and I have voiced previously. Part III considers Alec Walen's recent proposal to combat terrorism through the criminalization of threats as an inchoate offense. It also addresses general concerns with Walen's proposal and claims that Walen does not resolve the problems with inchoate criminality set forth in Part II. …

Dangerous Psychopaths: Criminally Responsible But Not Morally Responsible, Subject To Criminal Punishment And To Preventive Detention, Ken Levy

San Diego Law Review

How should we judge psychopaths, both morally and in the criminal justice system? This Article will argue that psychopaths are often not morally responsible for their bad acts simply because they cannot understand, and therefore be guided by, moral reasons.

Scholars and lawyers who endorse the same conclusion automatically tend to infer from this premise that psychopaths should not be held criminally punishable for their criminal acts. These scholars and lawyers are making this assumption (that just criminal punishment requires moral responsibility) on the basis of one of two deeper assumptions: that either criminal punishment directly requires moral responsibility or …

Proposed 2009 Regulations Dealing With § 356 Nonrecognition Rules Should Be Given The Boot, Terri Guinn

San Diego Law Review

"Fire, Aim, Ready!" Could this be the approach taken by the Internal Revenue Service (the Service) in its attempt to finalize regulations, proposed more than two years ago, that would specify a new method for determining a shareholder's taxable gains and losses in certain reorganization transactions? Has the Service decided to elevate theory over practicality without thinking through all of the ramifications of these regulations? Finalizing these proposed regulations in their current form may have serious unintended consequences. As drafted, they miss their intended mark by inadvertently creating a loophole whereby some shareholders could take immediate losses on some of …

Anxiety: An Evolutionary Approach, M Bateson, B Brilot, D Nettle

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental illnesses, with huge attendant suffering. Current treatments are not universally effective, suggesting that a deeper understanding of the causes of anxiety is needed. To understand anxiety disorders better, it is first necessary to understand the normal anxiety response. This entails considering its evolutionary function as well as the mechanisms underlying it. We argue that the function of the human anxiety response, and homologues in other species, is to prepare the individual to detect and deal with threats. We use a signal detection framework to show that the threshold for expressing the anxiety …

Toxic Marine Microalgae And Shellfish Poisoning In The British Isles: History, Review Of Epidemiology, And Future Implications, Sl Hinder, Gc Hays, Cj Brooks, Ap Davies, Et Al

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The relationship between toxic marine microalgae species and climate change has become a high profile and well discussed topic in recent years, with research focusing on the possible future impacts of changing hydrological conditions on Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species around the world. However, there is very little literature concerning the epidemiology of these species on marine organisms and human health. Here, we examine the current state of toxic microalgae species around the UK, in two ways: first we describe the key toxic syndromes and gather together the disparate reported data on their epidemiology from UK records and monitoring procedures. …

Simulation-Based Optimisation Model For The Lean Assessment In Sme: A Case Study, Amr Arisha, Amr Mahfouz, John Shea

Conference papers

Due to their space limitation and small production scale, small and medium enterprises (SME) are vulner-able to rapid changes. Lean principles are considered as effective improvement approach to eliminate sys-tem’s waste and inefficiencies. Although much of the academic materials have addressed the lean practic-es into large, global companies, they can still be adjusted to SMEs. Risks are usually associated with lean implementation process due to the drastic required changes in business policies and operations. Simulation can be successfully used to predict the impact of the proposed changes ahead of the implementation which helps to mitigate risks. Integrating simulation with optimization …

“Fools”: A Declaration To Seminarians, Professors, And Preachers, H. Peter Swanson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Antisipasi, Rujukan Dan Fokus Pengaturan Sebagai Prediktor Perilaku Sehat, Dharmayati Utoyo Lubis, Bagus Takwin, Sahat Krisfianus Panggabean

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

The aim of this study was to understand the relation between principles of self-regulation and health behaviors, including which self-regulation principles used. Using three principles of self-regulation which are regulatory anticipation, regulatory reference, and regulatory focus (Higgins, Grant, & Shah, 1999) this study examined the role of those principles on health behavior among people in DKI Jakarta. The health behavior was divided into health promotive behavior and health preventive behavior. This study was conducted to 385 citizens of DKI Jakarta (200 males and 185 females with average age is 32 years old). Data analysis using multiple regressions indicated the role …

Intergroup Bias Among Jakarta's Road Users, Amarina Ariyanto, Nurlyta Hafiyah, Sri Rochani Soesetio

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

The goal of this study is to examine intergroup bias among people who use roads in Jakarta. Intergroup bias refers to the tendency to prioritize, treat and perceive in-group members more favorable than out-groups. Three different groups of road users participated in this study: private drivers, motor riders, and public transportation drivers. Intergroup bias is measured as perception bias and attribution bias. The findings show that both forms of bias occur among the road users. Intergroup attribution bias that is found among the three groups are more in-group than out-group attribution bias. The private car drivers, motor riders, and public …

Probiotic Bacterial Strains Differentially Modulate Macrophage Cytokine Production In A Strain-Dependent And Cell Subset-Specific Manner., N. Habil, W. Al-Murrani, J. Beal, A. D. Foey

School of Biomedical Sciences

Gut mucosal macrophages play a pivotal role in driving mucosal immune responses, resulting in either activation of inflammatory immune responses to pathogenic challenge or tolerance to beneficial luminal contents such as food and commensal bacteria. Macrophage responses elicited are dependent on tissue environment and the resulting cell subset, where homeostatic macrophages resemble the M2 macrophage subset and inflammatory macrophages resemble M1s. Probiotics can modulate macrophage function with outcome dependent on subset present. Using a THP-1 monocyte cell line-derived model of CD14high/low M1 and M2 macrophages, the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a panel of …

Butyrate Regulation Of Distinct Macrophage Subsets: Opposing Effects On M1 And M2 Macrophages, Ad Foey

School of Biomedical Sciences

Mucosal tolerance is central to efficient gastrointestinal tract function, tolerating food and commensal bacteria, whilst maintaining immune responsiveness to pathogens. Mucosal macrophages play a pivotal role in tolerance; whereas in inflammatory bowel disease, dysfunctional macrophages lead to tolerance breakdown, whereby commensals perpetuate inflammation. Macrophage subsets however, determine effector function: M1s are pro-inflammatory whereas M2s are antiinflammatory/regulatory. In addition to commensal bacteria, butyrate, a short chain fatty acid probiotic metabolite, may also modulate macrophage-mediated tolerance. The human monocytic cell line, THP-1, was used to investigate butyrate immunoregulation in M1 and M2 macrophages, generated by monocyte differentiation in the presence of PMA …

Grain Boundary Behavior In An Ultrafine-Grained Aluminum Alloy, P. S. De, R. S. Mishra

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) stability in an ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al alloy during monotonic loading was investigated by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). the experiments show that boundaries with misorientation below ∼2.5 deg are stable, while boundaries with misorientation between 2.5 and 15 deg are unstable. Similar results were observed during cyclic loading of UFG Al alloy. This behavior was rationalized using the nonequilibrium thermodynamics concept. on the other hand, it is postulated that the grain boundary behavior in microcrystalline alloy is different because of the larger dislocation mean free path. © 2011 the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM …

Fluid Flow-Related Transport Phenomena In Steel Slab Continuous Casting Strands Under Electromagnetic Brake, Yufeng Wang, Lifeng Zhang

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the current study, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is built to investigate the effect of a local-type electromagnetic brake (EMBr) on the fluid flow, heat transfer, and inclusion motion in slab continuous casting strands. the results indicate that the magnetic force affects the jet characteristics, including jet angle, turbulent kinetic energy, and its dissipation rate. to reduce the top surface velocity and stabilize the top surface, the magnetic flux intensity should be larger than a critical value. with a 0.39 T magnetic flux intensity, the top surface velocity and its fluctuation can be well controlled, and less slag is …

Influence Of Grain Size And Texture On Hall-Petch Relationship For A Magnesium Alloy, W. Yuan, S. K. Panigrahi, J. Q. Su, R. S. Mishra

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Friction stir processing was applied to a magnesium alloy to generate various grain sizes with the same intense basal texture. Subsequent tensile deformation along two orthogonal directions by easy activation or inhibition of basal slip follows the Hall-Petch relationship between yield stress and grain size in both directions. the Hall-Petch parameters are texture dependent. Easy activation of basal slip introduces lower values, while inhibition of basal slip leads to higher values. the Hall-Petch parameters are interpreted by texture and microstructural factors. © 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simulations Of Pulse Signals With X-Parameters, Nick K.H. Huang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nonlinearity is becoming increasingly important to IC technologies. From the PHD formalism, X-parameter models provide an accurate frequency-domain method under large-signal operating points to characterize their nonlinear behaviors. In this work, X-parameter models are investigated to handle time-domain pulse signals which is critical to IC signal integrity but was not studied before. Two representative circuits, an analog LNA and a digital CMOS buffer, were employed to characterize the X-parameter performance. The results obtained in this paper provide the first hand data for pulse signal responses of X-parameters in signal integrity modelings. © 2011 IEEE.