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2011

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Introduction To Special Symposium Feature: Successes And Failures In International Human Trafficking Law, Bridgette A. Carr Jan 2011

Introduction To Special Symposium Feature: Successes And Failures In International Human Trafficking Law, Bridgette A. Carr

Articles

The Essays in this issue of the Michigan Journal of International Law showcase the results of an important and historic symposium held at the University of Michigan Law School in February 2011. Acknowledging the ten-year anniversary of both the international Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons (Trafficking Protocol), and the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) in the United States, the conference brought together an extraordinary group of legal scholars, government officials, and practitioners to examine the successes and failures in international human trafficking law. The need to evaluate both the successes and failures in antitrafficking law is …

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Testing As Commodification, Katharine B. Silbaugh Jan 2011

Testing As Commodification, Katharine B. Silbaugh

Faculty Scholarship

In this Essay, the author addresses criticism of the testing movement by education experts such as Jonathan Kozol. She explores the similarities in the discourses of philosophical discussions of commodification and behavioural economic discussions of intrinsic motivations. One conclusion that the author draws is that the comparison between the testing movement and commodification literature is not perfect, but they have both been counted, compared and measured, and flattened or thinned out of values.

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Institutional Compliance Vs. Client Loyalty In The Consideration Of Ambiguous Issues: The Social Construction Of Tax Advice, David E. Jones Jan 2011

Institutional Compliance Vs. Client Loyalty In The Consideration Of Ambiguous Issues: The Social Construction Of Tax Advice, David E. Jones

Student Scholarship

Tax professionals are required to serve two masters equally: their client and the tax law. Often, serving these two masters creates conflicts that put the tax professional in a tension filled environment. We interviewed 29 tax professionals to generate a grounded theory about how tax professionals use their experiences, tools, training, judgment and decision-making processes to manage the tension they feel. Research is scant about how adherence to professional requirements and responsibilities weigh on tax professionals' advocacy attitudes and behaviors and about how tax professionals understand or define client loyalty and its relationship to regulatory and professional standards. Our data …

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Alteration Of Hydrogen Bonding In The Vicinity Of Histidine 48 Disrupts Millisecond Motions In Rnase A, Nicolet Doucet, Gennady Khirich, Evgenii L. Kovrigin, J. Patrick Loria Jan 2011

Alteration Of Hydrogen Bonding In The Vicinity Of Histidine 48 Disrupts Millisecond Motions In Rnase A, Nicolet Doucet, Gennady Khirich, Evgenii L. Kovrigin, J. Patrick Loria

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The motion of amino acid residues on the millisecond (ms) time scale is involved in the tight regulation of catalytic function in numerous enzyme systems. Using a combination of mutational, enzymological, and relaxation-compensated 15N Carr−Purcell−Meiboom−Gill (CPMG) methods, we have previously established the conformational significance of the distant His48 residue and the neighboring loop 1 in RNase A function. These studies suggested that RNase A relies on an intricate network of hydrogen bonding interactions involved in propagating functionally relevant, long-range ms motions to the catalytic site of the enzyme. To further investigate the dynamic importance of this H-bonding network, this …

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Nested Identities: A Concept For Improving Banker Engagement, Glen Weaver Jan 2011

Nested Identities: A Concept For Improving Banker Engagement, Glen Weaver

Student Scholarship

The financial crisis served as an interesting backdrop for this study of the impact of identification upon banker engagement. Studies have shown that leadership style influences employee engagement, but little research reflects the impact of various levels of identity (nested identity) upon engagement. A survey of 511 mid-level bankers displayed the significance of career, organizational, and industry identity upon vigor, dedication, and absorption. Further, it was determined that organizational identity mediated the relationship between leadership and engagement. This research suggests that bank leadership would be wise to enact management tactics that elevate the level of career, organizational, and industry identity …

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Wait! That's Not What We Meant By Civil Society!: Questioning The Ngo Orthodoxy In West Africa, Thomas A. Kelley Iii Jan 2011

Wait! That's Not What We Meant By Civil Society!: Questioning The Ngo Orthodoxy In West Africa, Thomas A. Kelley Iii

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Legally Recognizing Same-Sex Unions On Health And Well-Being, Holning S. Lau, Charles Q. Strohm Jan 2011

The Effects Of Legally Recognizing Same-Sex Unions On Health And Well-Being, Holning S. Lau, Charles Q. Strohm

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Grounding Conversations On Sexuality And Asian Law, Holning S. Lau Jan 2011

Grounding Conversations On Sexuality And Asian Law, Holning S. Lau

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Judicial Takings, Judicial Speech, And Doctrinal Acceptance Of The Model Of The Judge As Political Actor, William P. Marshall Jan 2011

Judicial Takings, Judicial Speech, And Doctrinal Acceptance Of The Model Of The Judge As Political Actor, William P. Marshall

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Progressive Constitutionalism, Originalism, And The Significance Of Landmark Decisions In Evaluating Constitutional Theory, William P. Marshall Jan 2011

Progressive Constitutionalism, Originalism, And The Significance Of Landmark Decisions In Evaluating Constitutional Theory, William P. Marshall

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Towards An Understanding Of Litigation As Expression: Lessons From Guantánamo, Kathryn A. Sabbeth Jan 2011

Towards An Understanding Of Litigation As Expression: Lessons From Guantánamo, Kathryn A. Sabbeth

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Health Care Reform's Wild Card: The Uncertain Effectiveness Of Comparative Effectiveness Research, Richard S. Saver Jan 2011

Health Care Reform's Wild Card: The Uncertain Effectiveness Of Comparative Effectiveness Research, Richard S. Saver

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Public Perceptions Of Bears And Management Interventions In Japan, Ryo Sakurai, Susan K. Jacobson Jan 2011

Public Perceptions Of Bears And Management Interventions In Japan, Ryo Sakurai, Susan K. Jacobson

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Conservation of bears is a challenge globally. In Japan, Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are considered a nuisance because of agricultural and property damage and personal human danger due to occasional human casualties. Reduction of human–bear conflicts in Japan would improve long-term conservation of bears and reduce risks to human health and safety. To understand Japanese perceptions of and experience with bears, we analyzed results of 5 public surveys and reviewed 29 articles from the research and gray literature in Japan. We compared recommendations for interventions to reduce human–bear conflicts with …

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Using Stable Isotope Analysis To Quantify Anthropogenic Foraging In Black Bears, Jerod A. Merkle, Jonathan J. Derbridge, Paul R. Krausman Jan 2011

Using Stable Isotope Analysis To Quantify Anthropogenic Foraging In Black Bears, Jerod A. Merkle, Jonathan J. Derbridge, Paul R. Krausman

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Deciding whether to monitor, aversively condition, relocate, or destroy a problem black bear (Ursus americanus) can be difficult for wildlife managers. Understanding the extent of anthropogenic foraging within bear populations can provide insight for management decisions about black bears. An innovative way to estimate opportunistically the amount of anthropogenic food in an individual or a population of bears is through stable isotope analysis (SIA), where hair samples can provide an index of assimilated nutrients (i.e., diet) for the period of hair growth. Our objective was to use SIA to determine whether there was a difference between diets of …

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In The News, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2011

In The News, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Misconceptions About Black Bears: A Response To Geist (2011), Lynn L. Rogers, Susan A. Mansfield Jan 2011

Misconceptions About Black Bears: A Response To Geist (2011), Lynn L. Rogers, Susan A. Mansfield

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Aggressive Body Language Of Bears And Wildlife Viewing: A Response To Geist (2011), Stephen F. Stringham Jan 2011

Aggressive Body Language Of Bears And Wildlife Viewing: A Response To Geist (2011), Stephen F. Stringham

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Using Radar Cross-Section To Enhance Situational Awareness Tools For Airport Avian Radars, Tim J. Nohara, Robert C. Beason, Peter Weber Jan 2011

Using Radar Cross-Section To Enhance Situational Awareness Tools For Airport Avian Radars, Tim J. Nohara, Robert C. Beason, Peter Weber

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Digital avian radars can track bird movements continuously in the vicinity of airports without interruption. The result is a wealth of bird-track data that can be used in mitigation efforts to reduce bird strikes on and near airfields. To make the sheer volume of bird track data generated by digital avian radars accessible to users, we developed tools to transform these data into analytical and visualization products to improve situational awareness for wildlife and airfield personnel. In addition to the parameters traditionally associated with radar tracking (latitude, longitude, altitude, speed, and heading), we have implemented a procedure to estimate the …

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Using Whatman Fta® Cards To Collect Dna For Bird-Strike Identifications, Carla J. Dove, Nor Faridah Dahlan, Marcy A. Heacker, James F. Whatton Jan 2011

Using Whatman Fta® Cards To Collect Dna For Bird-Strike Identifications, Carla J. Dove, Nor Faridah Dahlan, Marcy A. Heacker, James F. Whatton

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Identification of species of birds is fundamental to implementation of all management and mitigation issues involving bird–aircraft collisions (bird strikes). Methods of identifying bird remains have recently been enhanced to include the use of molecular techniques but the degraded condition of the fi eld sample remains problematic. The Whatman FTA® card is a novel way to instantly fi x DNA and inhibit degradation of DNA samples post-collection. During 2008–2009, we analyzed >200 FTA cards containing tissue blots, body fluids, or blood samples from bird strikes to evaluate the performance of these cards in real-time situations. We analyzed the success of …

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Bird Strikes And Aircraft Fuselage Color: A Correlational Study, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Jim Gaffney, Bradley F. Blackwell, Patrice Baumhardt Jan 2011

Bird Strikes And Aircraft Fuselage Color: A Correlational Study, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Jim Gaffney, Bradley F. Blackwell, Patrice Baumhardt

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Collisions between birds and aircraft (bird strikes) pose safety risks to the public, cost airports and airlines money, and result in liability issues. Recent research suggests that aircraft visibility could be enhanced to increase detection and avoidance by birds. We questioned whether aircraft color scheme might play a role in bird-strike frequency. We used public records of bird strikes along with information on flights that were gathered by federal agencies in the United States. We estimated the bird-strike rates and compared them among airline companies using different fuselage color schemes, while controlling for aircraft type. Using an avian vision modeling …

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Response To Rogers And Mansfield (2011) And Stringham (2011), Valerius Geist Jan 2011

Response To Rogers And Mansfield (2011) And Stringham (2011), Valerius Geist

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Using Avian Radar To Examine Relationships Among Avian Activity, Bird Strikes, And Meteorological Factors, Peter S. Coates, Michael L. Casazza, Brian J. Halstead, Joseph P. Fleskes, James A. Laughlin Jan 2011

Using Avian Radar To Examine Relationships Among Avian Activity, Bird Strikes, And Meteorological Factors, Peter S. Coates, Michael L. Casazza, Brian J. Halstead, Joseph P. Fleskes, James A. Laughlin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Radar systems designed to detect avian activity at airfields are useful in understanding factors that influence the risk of bird and aircraft collisions (bird strikes). We used an avian radar system to measure avian activity at Beale Air Force Base, California, USA, during 2008 and 2009. We conducted a 2-part analysis to examine relationships among avian activity, bird strikes, and meteorological and time-dependent factors. We found that avian activity around the airfield was greater at times when bird strikes occurred than on average using a permutation resampling technique. Second, we developed generalized linear mixed models of an avian activity index …

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Commentary State Of The Berryman Institute, Christopher R. Ayers Jan 2011

Commentary State Of The Berryman Institute, Christopher R. Ayers

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Rodent Population Management At Kansas City International Airport, Gary W. Witmer Jan 2011

Rodent Population Management At Kansas City International Airport, Gary W. Witmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Birds pose serious hazards at United States airports because of the potential for collisions with aircraft. Raptors, in particular, are hazardous to aircraft safety due to their size, hunting behavior, and hovering and soaring habits. Reduction of rodent populations at an airport may decrease raptor populations in the area and, therefore, reduce risk that raptors pose to aircraft. Rodent populations can be reduced by population management (i.e., use of rodenticides) or by habitat management (i.e., vegetation and land-use management) that reduces the area’s carrying capacity for rodents. I found that zinc phosphide-treated oats reduced rodent populations by >94% at the …

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Canada Goose Crop Damage Abatement In South Dakota, Troy M. Radtke, Charles D. Dieter Jan 2011

Canada Goose Crop Damage Abatement In South Dakota, Troy M. Radtke, Charles D. Dieter

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) can cause considerable damage to crops during summer when geese are flightless. We evaluated the effectiveness of a program designed to alleviate crop damage on soybeans by Canada geese in South Dakota, USA. The applications of electric fences, feeding stations, and propane cannons reduced the area of crop damage by 90% in 2006 and 80% in 2007, but the timing was important. Fields where abatement practices were applied early in the growing season had less damage than fields where they were applied later. Abatement practices that were properly applied as soon as damage started …

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Does Diversionary Feeding Create Nuisance Bears And Jeopardize Public Safety?, Lynn L. Rogers Jan 2011

Does Diversionary Feeding Create Nuisance Bears And Jeopardize Public Safety?, Lynn L. Rogers

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Diversionary feeding of black bears (Ursus americanus) around campgrounds and residential areas has received little study because of concerns that it might create nuisance bears and jeopardize public safety. To evaluate those concerns and assess its effectiveness in mitigating human–bear conflict, we studied diversionary feeding, habituation, and food conditioning at a U.S. Forest Service campground and residential complex near Ely, Minnesota. During 1981 to 1983, 6 bears (2/year) had been removed from this area as nuisances; but during 8 years of diversionary feeding (1984 to 1991), the only removals were 2 bears that had newly immigrated to the …

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Condition, Survival, And Productivity Of Mule Deer In Semiarid Grassland-Woodland In East-Central New Mexico, Louis C. Bender, Jon C. Boren, Heather Halbritter, Shad Cox Jan 2011

Condition, Survival, And Productivity Of Mule Deer In Semiarid Grassland-Woodland In East-Central New Mexico, Louis C. Bender, Jon C. Boren, Heather Halbritter, Shad Cox

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are an economically important species to wildlife enterprises throughout New Mexico and the western United States, but populations are declining, limiting recreational and revenue potential to private and public wildlife managers. We documented body condition, survival, production of fawns, and trends in population size of a declining mule deer population on the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center (CRLRC), a multiple-use research ranch in east-central New Mexico owned by New Mexico State University. Mule deer females were in poor condition, characterized by accrual of little body fat or lean tissue (muscle mass) reserves. Annual …

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Factors Affecting White-Tailed Deer-Browsing Rates On Early Growth Stages Of Soybean Crops, Gregory M. Colligan, Jacob L. Bowman, Joseph E. Rogerson, Bruce L. Vasilas Jan 2011

Factors Affecting White-Tailed Deer-Browsing Rates On Early Growth Stages Of Soybean Crops, Gregory M. Colligan, Jacob L. Bowman, Joseph E. Rogerson, Bruce L. Vasilas

Human–Wildlife Interactions

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) damage to soybean crops is a concern for soybean producers. Although researchers have documented decreases in the intensity of deer-browse on soybean plants as the growing season progresses, an understanding of the mechanisms driving the decrease in deer-browse is necessary for reduction and mitigation of deer damage to soybean crops. We tested 4 hypotheses to determine why deer-browse rates decrease 3 weeks after plant emergence: (1) plant phenology affects plant palatability; (2) diet change occurs; (3) deer damage induces a plant response making soybean leaves less palatable: and (4) deer consume fewer leaves but …

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Economic Evaluation Of Beaver Management To Protect Timber Resources In Mississippi, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Katy N. Kirkpatrick, Kris Godwin Jan 2011

Economic Evaluation Of Beaver Management To Protect Timber Resources In Mississippi, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Katy N. Kirkpatrick, Kris Godwin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

It has become essential for groups involved with wildlife policy formulation and decision making to examine the economic benefits and costs derived from the management of nuisance wildlife species. Beavers (Castor canadensis) in Mississippi have seen significant population fluctuations over the last 150 years as their status has changed from a game species to protected species to nuisance species. The objectives of this study were to assess the beaver-caused economic impacts to the timber industry in Mississippi and estimate the damages avoided due to Mississippi’s Beaver Control Assistance Program (BCAP) activities from 2005 to 2009. The total BCAP …

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When To Research Is To Reveal: The Growing Threat To Attorney And Client Confidentiality From Online Tracking, Anne Klinefelter Jan 2011

When To Research Is To Reveal: The Growing Threat To Attorney And Client Confidentiality From Online Tracking, Anne Klinefelter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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