Digital Commons Network^™

Venture Capital Investment And Small Business Affiliation Rules: Why A Limited Exception Is Crucial To Economic Recovery Efforts, Jessica Tillipman, Damian Specht

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Small businesses and venture capital are a natural pair. While many small businesses are born of technical expertise and innovation, few are well financed. One of the reasons for this lack of financing is that small concerns are often viewed as risky investments. Small businesses are rarely led by experienced business people and, as many statistics demonstrate, are more likely than not to fail. Unlike their under financed counterparts, venture capital companies (“VCCs”) are well financed and what they lack in technical capability, they make up for in business acumen and financial wherewithal. Moreover, risky investments with large upsides are …

‘Nothing But Wind’? The Past And Future Of Comparative Corporate Governance, Donald C. Clarke

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Corporate law scholarship has come a long way since Bayless Manning some four decades ago famously pronounced it dead. Not only has doctrinal scholarship continued its project of critique and rationalization, but empirical and economic approaches have injected new life into the field.

Recent years have seen the rise of comparative corporate governance (CCG) as an increasingly mainstream approach within the world of corporate governance studies. This is a function partly of an increasing international orientation on the part of legal scholars and partly of an increasingly empirical turn in corporate law scholarship generally. Different practices in other jurisdictions present …

Desiderata: Objectives For A System Of Government Contract Law, Steven L. Schooner

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This brief paper - presented at a symposium presented for a developing nation engaged in drafting of a government procurement law - offers a diverse menu of aspirations frequently mentioned in the context of public purchasing. This paper introduces nine goals frequently identified for government procurement systems: (1) competition; (2) integrity; (3) transparency; (4) efficiency; (5) customer satisfaction; (6) best value; (7) wealth distribution; (8) risk avoidance; and (9) uniformity. The exercise of identifying aspirations is important, particularly because it is difficult for legislators or policymakers to articulate what they hope to achieve through a buying regime. While no system …

Aggregate Litigation: Critical Perspectives, Roger H. Trangsrud

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

While aggregate litigation has become an integral part of the U.S. civil justice system, it is often the cause of intense controversy among the private bar, the bench, and the academy. In 2009, the American Law Institute completed a project on the Principles of the Law of Aggregate Litigation, whose goal was to identify good procedures for handling aggregate lawsuits. The completion of these Principles spurred a host of reactions from attorneys, judges, and scholars. At a symposium hosted by The George Washington University Law School, the questions that were posed included: What is the optimal level of aggregation? When …

Privacy And Law Enforcement In The European Union: The Data Retention Directive, Francesca Bignami

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper examines a recent twist in EU data protection law. In the 1990s, the European Union was still primarily a market-creating organization and data protection in the European Union was aimed at rights abuses by market actors. Since the terrorist attacks of New York, Madrid, and London, however, cooperation on fighting crime has accelerated. Now, the challenge for the European Union is to protect privacy in its emerging system of criminal justice. This paper analyzes the first EU law to address data privacy in crime-fighting - the Data Retention Directive. Based on a detailed examination of the Directive's legislative …

Judicial Backlash Or Just Backlash? Evidence From A National Experiment, Donald Braman, David Fontana

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The question about whether there is a distinctive public reaction when the Supreme Court decides constitutional issues — the question of judicial backlash — permeates our discussions of constitutional law, yet we have little to no empirical research about how people think about this issue. To answer this question, we conducted an experiment before the midterm congressional elections in the fall of 2010. We hypothesized that people respond to an institution based on whether the institution is seen as supporting or threatening their cultural worldview. Half of study subjects were assigned to a condition in which a constitutional right to …

Comments On The Normative Challenge Of Environmental “Soft Law”, Dinah L. Shelton

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper describes the increased presence of non-binding soft law in international environmental law and begins by listing the possible uses of a “non-binding normative instrument.” Next, the paper describes the relationship between soft law and customary international law and notes that soft law may result in subsequent codification of those principles or interpret existing treaty obligations. The paper then contemplates why states are utilizing soft law in international environmental law and discusses issues regarding compliance with non-binding soft law. The paper concludes that the complicated nature of the international system prevents a prediction of the extent to which states …

Do Fast Food Restaurants Cluster Around High Schools? A Geospatial Analysis Of Proximity Of Fast Food Restaurants To High Schools And The Connection To Childhood Obesity Rates, Hilary Nixon, Lauren Doud

Faculty Publications, Urban and Regional Planning

Nationwide, approximately 30% of children consume fast food on a typical day, and caloric intake from fast food has increased fivefold over the past three decades. Our analysis adds to a growing body of public health and planning research through a geospatial analysis of fast food restaurants in Santa Clara County, California. We selected 41 high schools, representing 97% of enrollment in the county, and examined proximity to fast food restaurants within 400 meters (437 yards) and 800 meters (875 yards) of the schools. Our results indicate that fast food restaurants are clustered near high schools with higher obesity rates. …

Influence Of Pgf_{2\Alpha} On Semen Quality And Libido In Holstein Bulls, Reza Masoumi, Armin Towhidi, Ardsher N. Javaremi, Habib Nabizadeh, Mehdi Zhandi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Cloprostenol (PGF_{2\alpha} analogue) on semen quality and libido in Holstein bulls. Ten low libido Iranian Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to 2 groups and received Cloprostenol (n = 5) or saline (n = 5) 30 min prior to the semen collection 2 days per week for 2 months. Reaction time was significantly decreased in the treatment group. Duration of ejaculation was significantly increased in the treatment group. Semen volume and sperm concentration were higher in treated bulls when compared with controls. The percentage of morphologically normal sperm cells, percentage …

Aflatoxin M1 Levels In Retail Yoghurt And Ayran In Erzurum In Turkey, Meryem Aydemi̇r Atasever, Mustafa Atasever, Korhan Özturan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the presence and levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in yoghurt and ayran consumed in the province of Erzurum, Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 80 yoghurt samples and 80 ayran samples were randomly obtained from markets. The samples' AFM1 content and concentrations were examined by competitive ELISA method. AFM1 at detectable level (5 ng/kg) was found in 87.5% of the yoghurt samples and in 90.0% of the ayran samples. AFM1 levels in 16 (20%) yoghurt and in 11 (13.6%) ayran samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of the Turkish Food Codex. The …

The Effect Of Ovine Placenta Extract, On Mammogenesis, Lactogenesis And Galactopoiesis In Sheep, Gabriel Cotor, Aneta Pop, Marian Ghita

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ovine placenta extract, obtained by affinity chromatography on immobilized wheat germ lectin, on mammogenesis, lactogenesis, and galactopoiesis in pregnant and lactating sheep. Placental extract (100 \mug/mL protein concentration) was subcutaneously injected to pregnant sheep in days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 of the experiment (totally 10 mL placenta extract/animal) alternatively on the right and left side of the neck. Placental extract induced a more intense development of udder parameters; udder circumference increase was of 16.73%, anteroposterior length increase was of 15.9%, and latero-lateral length of 11.1%. Placental …

Haematological And Biochemical Values Of The Blood Of Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus) Of Different Ages, Tufan Keçeci̇, Ramazan Çöl

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine selected haematological and biochemical parameters of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) bred in Konya city in Turkey. Forty-five healthy pheasants of different ages (1, 5, and 12 months old) were examined. In the blood samples taken from these animals, haematological and biochemical values were determined. Comparing the haematological and biochemical parameters among the age groups, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin amount, haematocrit values, lymphocyte percentage, and total protein and albumin levels increased with the advancement of age. However, glucose, length and width of erythrocyte, length and width of erythrocyte nucleus, and percentages of monocyte and basophile …

Monitoring Of Somatic Cell Count Variations During Lactation In Primiparous And Multiparous Turkish Saanen Goats (Capra Hircus), Abdülkadi̇r Orman, Ayteki̇n Günay, Faruk Balci, Mehmet Koyuncu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, a total of 28 Saanen does were used to evaluate the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield. The study included 14 first-lactation (primiparous) does and 14 does in second lactation or greater (multiparous). Individual milk samples from both morning and evening milkings were taken every 15 days throughout the lactation period of 7 months. While somatic cell counts were higher during the evening milking (840.40 versus 532.30 cells mL-1; 1050.40 versus 759.70 cells mL-1), milk yields were lower during the evening milking (115.40 versus 193.80 kg; 177.40 versus 280.00 kg) for both primiparous and …

Comparative Ultrasonographic Study Of The Prostate Complex And Bulbourethral Glands Of The Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Rosen Dimitrov, Kamelia Stamatova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to provide a comparative description of the rabbit prostate complex and bulbourethral glands by means of ultrasonography, in order to obtain results that may be useful for the diagnosis of reproductive pathology in this species. The prostate and bulbourethral glands were studied sonographically in 12 sexually mature, clinically healthy male New Zealand rabbits that were 12 months old and weighed 2.8 to 3.2 kg. The prostate complex, composed of proprostate, prostate, and paraprostate parts, was observed using prepubic ultrasonography in sagittal and transversal planes and presented a hyperechoic stroma. The bulbourethral glands were …

Bayesian Method For Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Analysis, K. Ammar, Mac Mckee, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, H. Moe, M. Almasri, A. Khalil

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

: A new methodology is developed to analyze existing monitoring networks. This methodology incorporates different aspects of monitoring, including vulnerability/probability assessment, environmental health risk, the value of information, and redundancy reduction. A conceptual framework for groundwater quality monitoring is formulated to represent the methodology‚Äôs context. Relevance vector machine RVM plays a basic role in this conceptual framework, and is employed to reduce redundancy and to create probability map of contaminant distribution, and accordingly to estimate the expected value of sample information. Disability adjusted life years approach of the global burden of disease is used for quantifying the health risk consequences. …

Parameter Dependent Convergence Bounds And Complexity Measure For A Class Of Conceptual Hydrological Models, S. Pande, L. Bastidas, S. Bhulai, Mac Mckee

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We provide analytical bounds on convergence rates for a class of hydrologic models and consequently derive a complexity measure based on the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) generalization theory. The class of hydrologic models is a spatially explicit interconnected set of linear reservoirs with the aim of representing globally nonlinear hydrologic behavior by locally linear models. Here, by convergence rate, we mean convergence of the empirical risk to the expected risk. The derived measure of complexity measures a model’s propensity to overfit data. We explore how data finiteness can affect model selection for this class of hydrologic model and provide theoretical results on …

Petani Dan Pedagang: Perubahan Ekonomi Dan Agama Di Buton, Blair Palmer

Antropologi Indonesia

This article examines a dispute over proper religious practice in an all-Muslim village in Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Traditionalists and modernists disagree over whether agricultural ceremonies involving offerings for territorial spirits should be allowed to continue. Local views on this dispute are explored with reference to the historical context of religious practice in the village, and processes of social change over the past several generations. It is argued that key social, political and economic dynamics which are relevant to the current religious dispute include the decline of agriculture in the village, the eclipsing of the Butonese Sultanate and integration into the …

Ruh Tanpa Tubuh, Tubuh Tanpa Ruh: Keterangan Tentang Mati Di Antara Universalisme Filsafati Dan Partikularisme Antropologis, Muhammad Damm

Antropologi Indonesia

Death can be understood merely as a transition from one life to the next or simply as an end of life. These two conceptions are established due to our lack in knowledge about what will happen to us after we die. In order to make any sense, both conceptions require an understanding of death (and also life) as individual matter, that the only death (and life) I experienced is always my own. Nevertheless, in the first conception death does not exterminate one’s self, while in the second conception death exterminate one’s self. However, nonexistence of any access to the first-person …

Etnografi Diri: "Mengada Dengan Dan Untuk Yang Liyan", Johanes Supriyono

Antropologi Indonesia

This paper is an autoethnographic exploration which would like to show that culture is always in the process of constructing those that are present in various track events. Through the exposure of various stages of life and moments of encounters with Others, the author wants to confirm his argument on how culture is an arena of discourses that is continually constructed, in which also involves power relations between Self and Others. Using Abu Lughod’s approach and several contributions from philosophical thinking, the author would like to state that the theoretical journey and life trajectory is a continuity which shows the …

Evaluation Of The Physicochemical Properties And Stability Of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Designed For The Delivery Of Dexamethasone To Tumors, Melissa Howard

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Pre-clinical and clinical trials suggest that pre-treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) may facilitate enhanced uptake of subsequently administered chemotherapeutic agents. To reduce the side effects associated with systemic administration of Dex, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing dexamethasone palmitate (Dex-P) were prepared as a means of achieving tumor-targeted drug delivery. These studies were aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and both the physiological and storage stability of the SLNs.

SLNs were prepared using nanotemplate engineering technology. Stearyl alcohol (SA) was used as the lipid phase with Brij^® 78 and Polysorbate 60 as surfactants and PEG6000 monostearate as a long-chain PEGylating agent. …

Prisoners Serving Sentences Of Life Without Parole: A Qualitative Study And Survey, Glenn J. Abraham

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This mixed methods exploratory study examined how adult male prisoners serving sentences of life without parole adapt to the probability that they will be incarcerated for the remainder of their lives. As a second element, state prison wardens were surveyed about their support for the provision of certain amenities to those serving life without parole and the extent to which they believed those prisoners presented a risk of future dangerousness. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 inmates serving sentences of life without parole at a high security prison in Ohio. Informants identified factors that made adjustment more difficult or which …

Identification Of Activities Involved In Cag/Ctg Repeat Instability, Nelson Lap Shun Chan

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

CAG/CTG repeat instability is associated with at least 14 neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease and Myotonic dystrophy type 1. In vitro and in vivo studies have showed that CAG/CTG repeats form a stable hairpin that is believed to be the intermediate for repeat expansion and contraction.

Addition of extra DNA is essential for repeat expansion, so DNA synthesis is one of the keys for repeat expansion. In vivo studies reveal that 3’ CTG slippage with subsequent hairpin formation (henceforth called the 3’ CTG slippage hairpin) occurs during DNA synthesis. It is proposed that hairpin tolerance machinery is activated because prolonged …

Resource Allocation And Efficient Routing In Wireless Networks, Jianjun Yang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

In wireless networks, devices (nodes) are connected by wireless links. An important issue is to set up high quality (high bandwidth) and efficient routing paths when one node wants to send packets to other nodes. Resource allocation is the foundation to guarantee high quality connections. In addition, it is critical to handle void areas in order to set up detour-free paths. Moreover, fast message broadcasting is essential in mobile wireless networks. Thus, my research includes dynamic channel allocation in wireless mesh networks, geographic routing in Ad Hoc networks, and message broadcasting in vehicular networks.

The quality of connections in a …

Appalachian Bridges To The Baccalaureate: Mattering Perceptions And Transfer Persistence Of Low-Income, First-Generation Community College Students, Michelle Dykes

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Too few community college students who intend to transfer and earn a baccalaureate degree actually do. Further, low-income and first-generation college students are overrepresented at community colleges. Education is considered a means of social and economic mobility for low-income, first-generation students; therefore, retaining this population through baccalaureate attainment is a critical issue. Because of the multitude of obstacles these students must conquer, it is crucial to implement effective strategies for improving transfer rates.

This dissertation has three components: (1) companion research study, (2) individual research study, and (3) reflective essay examining pretesting and telephone-administered survey methods. The companion study was …

Appalachian Bridges To The Baccalaureate: Institutional Perceptions Of Community College Transfer Success, Christopher M. Phillips

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Statement of the problem. Appalachian community colleges are dealing with a dynamic transfer policy environment and implementing practices that either foster or impede transfer student success. The problem in this dissertation is to discern how Appalachian community colleges are making sense of transfer policy changes and conducting practices to address student transfer success. Although individual factors must be considered by community colleges, they often are out of the control of the institution. This study focused on the institutional factors, including the ways that organizational structures and transfer policies contribute to the success of a community college’s transfer program.

Design. This …

Everyday Speech Production Assessment Measure (E-Spam): Reliability And Validity, Tracy N. Watts

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Purpose: The Everyday Speech Production Assessment Measure (E-SPAM) is a novel test for assessing changes in clients‟ speech production skills after intervention. This study provides information on reliability and validity for the test and overviews its clinical application.

Method & Procedures: E-SPAM, oral reading, and sequential motion rate tasks were administered to 15 participants with motor speech disorders (MSDs). E-SPAM responses were scored using a 5-point system by four graduate students to assess inter-scorer and temporal reliability and to determine validity for E-SPAM.

Results: Findings of this study indicate that the E-SPAM can be scored with sufficient …

Sibling Conflict Resolution Styles And Marital Conflict Resolution Styles, Fatimah Shalash

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This study used qualitative methods to examine if there was a connection between conflict resolution styles used with siblings in adolescence and conflict resolution styles utilized in current romantic committed relationships. The Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (Reese-Weber, & Bartle-Haring, 2003) and Gottman‟s (1994a, 1994b) couple-conflict types as adapted by Holman and Jarvis (2003) were administered to 144 participants through an online questionnaire. Analysis of the CRBQ using a multiple regression indicated participant‟s self-rating of compromise, attack, and avoidant conflict resolution styles used with siblings when an adolescent predicted current self-ratings of compromise, attack, and avoidant conflict resolution styles utilized in …

Effects Of Midstory Removal On Black Oak (Quercus Velutina) And White Oak (Quercus Alba) Regeneration, David Lee Parrott

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The formation of dense understories in eastern forests has created low light environments that hinder the development of advance oak reproduction. Studies have shown that a midstory removal can enhance these light conditions and promote the development of competitive oak seedlings. Previous studies have been primarily focused on oaks found on productive sites, and there is little knowledge of this treatment’s potential on intermediate sites and the typically associated oak species. This study investigates the seven-year effects of midstory removal on natural and underplanted white (Quercus alba L.) and black oak (Quercus velutina L.) reproduction, as …

Nongovernmental Organizations And Sex Work In Cambodia: Development Perspectives And Feminist Agendas, Jessica Catherine Schmid

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This project focuses on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Cambodia that deal, either directly or indirectly, with sex work and sex workers. The NGOs outlined in this study have goals ranging from preventing Cambodian women from entering the commercial sex industry to empowering Cambodian sex workers through the formation of sex worker unions. Through the textual analysis of documents and web materials disseminated by these NGOs and from interviews with representatives from the NGOs, I seek to analyze how underlying assumptions about development and about the commercial sex industry shape the ways in which the personnel leading these NGOs think and …

Cultivating Miracle Perceptions: Cultivation Theory And Medical Dramas, Rachael A. Record

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This thesis reports the results of a study designed to investigate the influence of exposure to televised medical dramas on perceptions of medical miracles. Four hundred and eighty-one college students participated in a survey in which they responded to different questions about their medical drama viewership and their different beliefs with regard to medical miracles. Results found that heavy medical drama viewers perceived belief in medical miracles to be less normal than non-viewers. Similarly, heavy viewers perceived medical miracles to occur less often than non-viewers. Interestingly, heavy viewers perceived medical dramas to be less credible than non-viewers. In addition, this …