Digital Commons Network^™

Suffolk Journal, Vol. 72, No. 1, 6/6/2011, Suffolk Journal

Suffolk Journal

No abstract provided.

Universal Jurisdiction Not So Universal: A Time To Delegate To The International Criminal Court, Dalila V. Hoover

Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers

The exercise of universal jurisdiction in cases involving crimes under international law remains highly debated and underlines a certain number of legal and political issues in its implementation. Because the principle of universal jurisdiction relies on national authorities to enforce international prohibitions, pivotal decisions are expected to reflect, to a greater or lesser extent, domestic decision-makers’ positions as to the interests of justice, the national interest and other criteria. In many States, the legal system lacks the means to investigate or prosecute on the basis of universal jurisdiction. Indeed, many legal systems do not define the term “crimes” that can …

Antibacterial Activity Of Conjugated Electrolytes, Thomas S. Corbitt

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A series of water soluble, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with main chains based on an arylene ethynylene repeat unit structure with tetraalkylammonium and/or alkylsulfonate side groups were found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity. A number of these complexes also showed pronounced light-induced modulation of their effectiveness, with either biocidal enhancement or suppression, depending on such properties as singlet oxygen sensitization potential and lipophilicity. These collected studies examine the biocidal activity of the CPEs, as determined by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Flow Cytometry, correlating this activity with the photophysical properties of the polymers. We demonstrate biocidal …

Nuclear Dependence: The Russian Federation's Future Reliance On Nuclear Weapons For National Security, Adam J. Lukszo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Russian Federation‘s reliance on nuclear weapons for national security will steadily increase over time. Based on current evidence and historical data, the Russian state will be unable to recruit, arm, train, equip, reform, and fund their conventional forces well enough to match up with capabilities of what it views to be its potential adversaries. Russia‘s historic experience with invasion and vulnerable geographic position reinforce the need for a powerful weapon with which to maintain the current regime and ensure its territorial integrity. Declining demographics and persistent social illnesses will reduce the number of eligible male candidates able to serve …

The Use Of English-Language Internet Propaganda By The Taliban Insurgency In Afghanistan, 2007–2010, Matthew T. Calvin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

After nearly a decade of war in Afghanistan, military and government officials have described the propaganda efforts of the Taliban insurgency as increasingly sophisticated and effective. These statements fail to distinguish between insurgent propaganda efforts at the local level and those carried out online and targeted at Western populations. This research investigates the effectiveness of the Taliban's use of English-language media to reach Western populations and shape their own image in a way that furthers their strategic objectives. An analytical approach that combines quantitative analysis performed on a set of Taliban messages from 2007 to 2010 and a deeper, qualitative …

Fahrenheit 451: The Burning Of American Culture, David Fox

History

No abstract provided.

Heidi And Seek: Cases Of Espionage And Covert Operations In Switzerland, 1795-1995, Brian Champion

Swiss American Historical Society Review

When, exactly, Switzerland became a hub for intelligence gathering

and covert operations has been lost to the mists of time. Despite centuries

of implicit and declared transnational neutrality, Switzerland, by the

cruel ironies of geographic fate, couldn't help being at the confluence of

the intelligence realpolitik in Europe and, later, in the world. This article

seeks to illustrate through selected examples--from the early nineteenth

to the twentieth centuries--facets of the history of the foreign use of

Switzerland and the Swiss neutrality ideal in the tectonic power politics

of international intrigue. Spying and associated covert operations

in Switzerland-then as now-are illegal, …

An Express Reservation? An Analysis Of Reservations Under The Equal Footing Doctrine As Applied In United States V. Milner, Patrick Beddow

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

The High Water Mark Of Social History In Civil War Studies, Peter S. Carmichael

Civil War Institute Faculty Publications

Just hours before the Army of Northern Virginia raised the white flag at Appomattox Court House, Confederate Colonel Edward Porter Alexander approached his commanding officer, Robert E. Lee, with what he hoped was a game-saving plan. Rather than suffer the mortification of surrendering, Alexander begged Lee to scatter his men across the countryside like “rabbits & partridges” where they could continue waging war, not as regular Confederate soldiers, but as elusive guerrilla fighters. Lee listened patiently to his subordinate’s reasoning for irregular warfare. Before Alexander finished, he reminded Lee that the men were utterly devoted to their commanding general, and …

Table Of Contents, Cjil Editors

Chicago Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Prism Vol. 2, No. 3, Center For Complex Operations

PRISM (Full PDF Issues)

PRISM is published by the National Defense University Press for the Center for Complex Operations. PRISM is a security studies journal chartered to inform members of U.S. Federal agencies, allies, and other partners on complex and integrated national security operations; reconstruction and nation-building; relevant policy and strategy; lessons learned; and developments in training and education to transform America’s security and development apparatus to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while promoting freedom today.

Ultra-Short Baseline Acoustic Positioning System, Timothy Joel Soppet

Computer Engineering

This paper explains the design, implementation, and testing of an ultra short baseline (USBL) acoustic positioning system for the Amador Valley High School (AVHS) Robotics Club’s Barracuda Mark-X AUV. The system will be used to locate an underwater transducer beacon representing the final waypoint in an obstacle course designed for the AUVSI/ONR RoboSub international collegiate competition.

Wikileaks: Balancing First Amendment Rights With National Security, Melissa Hannah Opper

Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review

In July 2010, Private First Class Bradley Manning released thou-sands of classified documents with the help of WikiLeaks, a private web-site created to expose government and corporate corruption. During the months that followed, WikiLeaks disseminated several thousand addi-tional classified documents, including the whereabouts of U.S. troops and diplomatic cables. Public concern grew over the rapid release of the documents into Internet space. Lawmakers and government officials questioned whether the release of such information would compromise national security and foreign relations and violate the Espionage Act of 1917. While not all of the information distributed by WikiLeaks violated the law, the …

The International Review | 2011 Spring/Summer, Michael Rhee

The International Review Newsletter

Same-sex marriage around the world: Overview and status of debate

Can the United States kill Americans who support terrorism?

Prosecuting and punishing pirates: A work in progress

Criminal disenfranchisement at home and abroad

Oklahoma: Sharia, international law banned in courts?

Switzerland: New law to recover stolen public funds from abroad

United Kingdom: Plastic wrap controversy

Can international law clean up electronic waste?

New agreement to protect, share benefits of biodiversity

More money in the bank to prevent financial crises

Can Libya end its Arab Spring by using mercenaries?

New York: Entire corporations cannot be sued for human rights abuses

Japan: …

Kidnapped By Thunderbolts – Spiral Translations In Myth, Anthropology And Theater: An Interview With Anthropologist Pedro De Niemeyer Cesarino, Beatriz Labate

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

The Debate Over Indian Removal In The 1830s, George William Goss

Graduate Masters Theses

The US in the 1830s debated the relationship between the US and Indian Communities of North America. The principles calling for equal rights and political democracy were in contradiction with the principles calling for the US to follow colonial principles of the European empires that had begun to invade North America in the late 1400s. The colonies that had revolted against British rule in the late 1700s continued their expansion of settlements and political incorporation. The proposal of Indian Removal was a straightforward expression of that expansionism. There was a national campaign developed in support of the Indian resistance, particularly …

Flint At The Fort: Investigating Raw Material Scarcity And Locations Of Lithic Activity At Monhantic Fort, John M. Kelly

Graduate Masters Theses

The Monhantic Fort site on the Mashantucket Pequot reservation in southeastern Connecticut has yielded many insights into Pequot life in the late 17th century. This fortified village, occupied during King Philip's War, has given archaeologists a glimpse of the domestic practices and organization of the people who lived within as well as details about how they engaged with military expeditions. In this thesis, I examine the lithic assemblage from Monhantic Fort. This assemblage, comprised of European flint employed to create tools like gunflints and strike-a-lights, can be used to investigate how the Pequots utilized new stone tool technologies and negotiated …

An Investigation Into Ultrasonic Communication For Near-Body Networks, Eric Joshua Escudero Jr., Gursewak Singh Rai

Electrical Engineering

The following report presents a study of body-area, free-space ultrasonic communication system. Two analog communication systems are investigated. The initial communications system setup relies upon the amplitude modulation (AM) techniques to transmit the signal. Such a system is prone to noise since the amplitude of the signal is directly affected by distance and the signal strength will deteriorate. The secondary communication system involves utilizing frequency modulation (FM). This method avoids the issue of losing information due to amplitude deterioration, but encounters delay issues. The main hardware components used in the approach outlined include ultrasonic transducers (UTs) used for both transmitting …

Privileging Asymmetric Warfare (Part Ii)?: The "Proportionality" Principle Under International Humanitarian Law, Samuel Estreicher

Chicago Journal of International Law

The laws of war are undergoing a fundamental transformation. The first step was the unmooring of the obligations of states and armies from the binds of reciprocity-the prospect that violations should be avoided because they will result in comparable reprisals from the other side-that began with the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and culminated in the 1977 Additional Protocols (AP I and II). The second major step-sill an ongoing process-has been to substitute for the threat of reprisals the grounding of these obligations in enforceable, positive law. What started haltingly with the promulgation of several "grave" offenses in Geneva has-with the …

Peace And War In The Qur'an And Juridical Literature: A Comparative Perspective, Liyakat Takim

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The Qur'anic period of Islamic history took place in a social context of significant diversity. A number of important verses in the Qur'an reflect this diversity and encourage Islamic believers to seek peaceful coexistence with those of other faiths, especially those designated as "people of the Book," specifically Christians, Jews and Sabeans. In the later classical period of Islamic history, the exegesis of Islamic jurists markedly de-emphasized peaceful coexistence in favor of interpretations encouraging conquest and religious uniformity. Although the classical jurists have exercised enormous interpretive authority in subsequent Islamic history, their authority was never understood to be absolute or …

The Russian Military And The Georgia War: Lessons And Implications, Ariel Cohen Dr., Robert E. Hamilton Colonel

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

In August 2008, the armed conflict on the territory of Georgia's breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia broke out between Russia and Georgia. The Russian-planned military campaign lasted 5 days until the parties reached a preliminary ceasefire agreement on August 12. The European Union, led by the French presidency, mediated the ceasefire. After signing the agreement, Russia pulled most of its troops out of uncontested Georgian territories, but established buffer zones around Abkhazia and South Ossetia. On August 26, 2008, Russia recognized the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, making them a part of what Russian President Dmitry Medvedev …

The Courier, June 2011, Tennessee. Historical Commission.

Tennessee Historical Commission

No abstract provided.

Review Of "The Limits Of U.S. Military Capability: Lessons From Vietnam And Iraq" By J. Lebovic, Dominic Tierney

Political Science Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

From The Reference Desk, Tom Gilson

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

A Position Of Strength: Arms Dealing As Diplomacy Under The Reagan Administration, William D. Watson

Masters Theses

My thesis is an examination of the Cold War during the 1980s, with a focus on arms dealing and diplomacy under President Ronald Reagan from 1981-1989. I chose to write about three specific case studies based on the unique intersections of American diplomatic goals in relation to geography, the sophistication of weapons technology involved, and geopolitical considerations. The purpose of this thesis is to explain why and how the Reagan administration was able to carry out three separate arms deals, and in turn, how those deals fit into the broader, global Cold War between the United States and the Soviet …

The European Campaign: Its Origins And Conduct, Samuel J. Newland Dr., Clayton K. S. Chun Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The authors begin with an examination of prewar planning for various contingencies, then move to the origins of “Germany first” in American war planning. They then focus on the concept, favored by both George C. Marshall and Dwight D. Eisenhower, that the United States and its Allies had to conduct a cross-channel attack and undertake an offensive aimed at the heartland of Germany. Following this background contained in the initial chapters, the remainder of the book provides a comprehensive discussion outlining how the European Campaign was was carried out. The authors conclude that American political leaders and war planners established …

Resolving Insurgencies, Thomas R. Mockaitis Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Understanding how insurgencies may be brought to a successful conclusion is vital to military strategists and policymakers. This study examines how past insurgencies have ended and how current ones may be resolved. Four ways in which insurgencies have ended are identified. Clear-cut victories for either the government or the insurgents occurred during the era of decolonization, but they seldom happen today. Recent insurgencies have often degenerated into criminal organizations that become committed to making money rather than fighting a revolution, or they evolve into terrorist groups capable of nothing more than sporadic violence. In a few cases, the threatened government …

Military Modernization And The Russian Ground Forces, Rod Thornton Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Russia’s political leaders are currently pushing a state- and society-wide process of modernization. The Russian military, a deeply conservative institution, is being asked to accept fundamental changes that threaten the very livelihoods of those being asked to implement them. New structures can be created and new equipment and technologies procured, but the crucial element is the degree to which such changes are accepted by the human element. This is often the most difficult aspect in any process of organizational change. It is no wonder that the military modernization process is progressing slowly in Russia. The Russian ground forces will not …

Of Courage, Tumult, And The Smash Mouth Truth: A Union Side Apologia, Michael C. Duff

All Faculty Scholarship

In this paper I argue that no labor movement is possible until workers understand and accept the inevitability of labor-management conflict. I support my contention drawing broadly on history surrounding the New Deal and on my own experiences as a union organizer and labor lawyer.

No Sure Victory: Measuring U.S. Army Effectiveness And Progress In The Vietnam War, Gregory A. Daddis

History Faculty Books and Book Chapters

Conventional wisdom holds that the US Army in Vietnam, thrust into an unconventional war where occupying terrain was a meaningless measure of success, depended on body counts as its sole measure of military progress. In No Sure Victory, Army officer and historian Gregory Daddis looks far deeper into the Army's techniques for measuring military success and presents a much more complicated-and disturbing-account of the American misadventure in Indochina.