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2011

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Non-Animal Replacement Methods For Veterinary Vaccine Potency Testing: State Of The Science And Future Directions, Jodie Kulpa-Eddy, Geetha Srinivas, Marlies Halder, Richard Hill, Karen Brown, James Roth, Hans Draayer, Jeffrey Galvin, Ivo Claassen, Glen Gifford, Ralph Woodland, Vivian Doelling, Brett Jones, William S. Stokes Jan 2011

Non-Animal Replacement Methods For Veterinary Vaccine Potency Testing: State Of The Science And Future Directions, Jodie Kulpa-Eddy, Geetha Srinivas, Marlies Halder, Richard Hill, Karen Brown, James Roth, Hans Draayer, Jeffrey Galvin, Ivo Claassen, Glen Gifford, Ralph Woodland, Vivian Doelling, Brett Jones, William S. Stokes

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

NICEATM and ICCVAM convened an international workshop to review the state of the science of human and veterinary vaccine potency and safety testing methods and to identify opportunities to advance new and improved methods that can further reduce, refine, and replace animal use. Six topics were addressed in detail by speakers and workshop participants and are reported in a series of six reports. This workshop report, the second in the series, provides recommendations for current and future use of nonanimal methods and strategies for veterinary vaccine potency testing. Workshop participants recommended that future efforts to replace animal use give priority …

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Corn Cob Residue Carbon And Nutrient Dynamics During Decomposition, Brian J. Wienhold, Gary E. Varvel, Virginia L. Jin Jan 2011

Corn Cob Residue Carbon And Nutrient Dynamics During Decomposition, Brian J. Wienhold, Gary E. Varvel, Virginia L. Jin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The cob fraction of corn (Zea mays L.) residue has characteristics that reduce concerns associated with residue removal making it a potential biofuel feedstock. The contribution the cob makes to soil C and nutrient dynamics is unknown. A litterbag study was conducted in no-tillage plots under irrigated and rain fed conditions in eastern Nebraska. Litterbags containing cobs were placed in corn rows on the soil surface or vertically in the 0- to 10-cm soil depth following grain harvest and collected aft er 63, 122, 183, 246, 304, and 370 d. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, C, N, P, …

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Chapter 20 Rainfed Farming Systems In The Usa, Alan Franzluebbers, Jean L. Steiner, Doug Karlen, Tim Griffin, Jeremy Singer, Don Tanaka Jan 2011

Chapter 20 Rainfed Farming Systems In The Usa, Alan Franzluebbers, Jean L. Steiner, Doug Karlen, Tim Griffin, Jeremy Singer, Don Tanaka

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This chapter describes characteristics of four major rainfed farming regions and systems in the USA: Great Plains wheat-sorghum-cattle; midwestern corn-soybean-hogs, southern cotton-peanut-poultry, and coastal diversified cropsdairy. Rainfed farming systems in the USA are highly productive, economically important, ecologically diverse and technologically driven. Management approaches to achieve resource efficiency and agricultural sustainability are described, including the use of improved genetic seed sources, crop rotations, appropriate fertiliser application techniques, conservation tillage and integrated crop-livestock production systems. Issues of increasing oil and fertiliser prices, sustainability of soil and water resources, and climate change are current challenges facing agriculture in the USA.

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Over-Expressing The C3 Photosynthesis Cycle Enzyme Sedoheptulose-1-7 Bisphosphatase Improves Photosynthetic Carbon Gain And Yield Under Fully Open Air Co2 Fumigation (Face), David M. Rosenthal, Anna M. Locke, Mahdi Khozaei, Christine A. Raines, Stephen P. Long, Donald R. Ort Jan 2011

Over-Expressing The C3 Photosynthesis Cycle Enzyme Sedoheptulose-1-7 Bisphosphatase Improves Photosynthetic Carbon Gain And Yield Under Fully Open Air Co2 Fumigation (Face), David M. Rosenthal, Anna M. Locke, Mahdi Khozaei, Christine A. Raines, Stephen P. Long, Donald R. Ort

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: Biochemical models predict that photosynthesis in C3 plants is most frequently limited by the slower of two processes, the maximum capacity of the enzyme Rubisco to carboxylate RuBP (Vc,max), or the regeneration of RuBP via electron transport (J). At current atmospheric [CO2] levels Rubisco is not saturated; consequently, elevating [CO2] increases the velocity of carboxylation and inhibits the competing oxygenation reaction which is also catalyzed by Rubisco. In the future, leaf photosynthesis (A) should be increasingly limited by RuBP regeneration, as [CO2] is predicted to exceed 550 …

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Pesticide Movement, Timothy J. Gish, Jared Williams, John H. Prueger, William Kustas, Lynn G. Mckee, Andy Russ Jan 2011

Pesticide Movement, Timothy J. Gish, Jared Williams, John H. Prueger, William Kustas, Lynn G. Mckee, Andy Russ

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pesticides generally include herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides and play an important role in maintaining worldwide food and fiber production by controlling weeds that compete for water and nutrients or by eliminating pests that reduce yields (Majewski and Capel, 1995). In the future, the role of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture is likely to increase as marginal land is converted to agriculture to meet production needs (Helling, 1993). Furthermore, it has also been proposed that increasing food and fiber production by agriculture will be critical to maintaining political and social stability in many countries (Tilman et al., 2002). However, pesticides can …

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Rethinking The Development Of Weapons And Their Impact, Petros J. Katsioloudis, Mildred V. Jones Jan 2011

Rethinking The Development Of Weapons And Their Impact, Petros J. Katsioloudis, Mildred V. Jones

STEMPS Faculty Publications

The article presents information on conventional weaponry and threats posed by it for the environment. Weapons consist of chemical, biological, depleted uranium, landmines, nuclear, jet fighters, and even the conventional lead bullets. It is stated that the manufacturing of biodegradable weapons that don't pollute the environment must be promoted, as they also strengthen the laws which ban the use of toxic and other chemical weapons. A table on correlation with standards for technological literacy, is also presented.

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Comparison Of Field-Scale Herbicide Runoff And Volatilization Losses: An Eight-Year Field Investigation, Timothy J. Gish, John H. Prueger, Craig S. T. Daughtry, William P. Kustas, Lynn G. Mckee, Andrew L. Russ, Jerry L. Hatfield Jan 2011

Comparison Of Field-Scale Herbicide Runoff And Volatilization Losses: An Eight-Year Field Investigation, Timothy J. Gish, John H. Prueger, Craig S. T. Daughtry, William P. Kustas, Lynn G. Mckee, Andrew L. Russ, Jerry L. Hatfield

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An 8-yr study was conducted to better understand factors influencing year-to-year variability in field-scale herbicide volatilization and surface runoff losses. The 21-ha research site is located at the USDA–ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, MD. Site location, herbicide formulations, and agricultural management practices remained unchanged throughout the duration of the study. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1- methylethyl) acetamide] and atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1- methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] were coapplied as a surface broadcast spray. Herbicide runoff was monitored from a month before application through harvest. A flux gradient technique was used to compute volatilization fl uxes for the first …

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Emerging Challenges In Soil Management, Jerry L. Hatfield, Thomas J. Sauer Jan 2011

Emerging Challenges In Soil Management, Jerry L. Hatfield, Thomas J. Sauer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soil provides a number of important functions, including agronomic and biomass productivity, purifying water, biodegradation of pollutants, regulating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission from the soil surface, and providing a foundation for civil and urban structures. This is a wide range of functions, but the most critical function for humanity is providing the fundamental resource for the production of the food, feed, fiber, and fuel required to sustain the ever-increasing human population. In the history of agriculture, there has never been a time in which the importance of proper management of the soil resource has been more critical. Jenny (1980) pointed …

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The Effects Of Diet On Herbivory By A Predaceous Lady Beetle, Jonathan G. Lundgren, Susan E. Moser, Richard L. Hellmich, Michael P. Seagraves Jan 2011

The Effects Of Diet On Herbivory By A Predaceous Lady Beetle, Jonathan G. Lundgren, Susan E. Moser, Richard L. Hellmich, Michael P. Seagraves

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We hypothesize that herbivory by predators is affected by the complexity of their diet. Coleomegilla maculata larvae fed prey - Acyrthosiphon pisum or Ostrinia nubilalis eggs - consumed two to three times more plant tissue (pinto beans) than those fed a mixed diet (containing pollen substitute and prey-based components). Simple, prey-only diets appear to lack plant-based nutrients important to this predator.

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Soil Water Availability And Microsite Mediate Fungal And Bacterial Phospholipid Fatty Acid Biomarker Abundances In Mojave Desert Soils Exposed To Elevated Atmospheric Co2, V. L. Jin, S. M. Schaeffer, S. E. Ziegler, R. D. Evans Jan 2011

Soil Water Availability And Microsite Mediate Fungal And Bacterial Phospholipid Fatty Acid Biomarker Abundances In Mojave Desert Soils Exposed To Elevated Atmospheric Co2, V. L. Jin, S. M. Schaeffer, S. E. Ziegler, R. D. Evans

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Changes in the rates of nitrogen (N) cycling, microbial carbon (C) substrate use, and extracellular enzyme activities in a Mojave Desert ecosystem exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 suggest shifts in the size and/or functional characteristics of microbial assemblages in two dominant soil microsites: plant interspaces and under the dominant shrub Larrea tridentata. We used ester‐linked phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers as a proxy for microbial biomass to quantify spatial and temporal differences in soil microbial communities from February 2003 to May 2005. Further, we used the 13C signature of the fossil CO2 source for elevated CO2 …

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Beyond Adjudication: Resolving International Resource Disputes In An Era Of Climate Change, Anna Spain Jan 2011

Beyond Adjudication: Resolving International Resource Disputes In An Era Of Climate Change, Anna Spain

Publications

This Article examines the role of international adjudication as a mechanism for resolving international disputes and promoting global peace and security in an era of climate change. The central claim is that adjudication has limitations that make it ineffective as a tool for resolving international resource disputes. The Article argues that adjudication is limited due to source and process challenges and it illustrates this claim by reviewing cases adjudicated by the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration and other international courts and tribunals. Four categories of adjudication limitation emerge: a) cases where the parties refused to submit …

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Patterns Of Widespread Decline In North American Bumble Bees, Sidney A. Cameron, Jeffrey D. Lozier, James P. Strange, Jonathan B. Koch, Nils Cordes, Leellen F. Solter, Terry L. Griswold Jan 2011

Patterns Of Widespread Decline In North American Bumble Bees, Sidney A. Cameron, Jeffrey D. Lozier, James P. Strange, Jonathan B. Koch, Nils Cordes, Leellen F. Solter, Terry L. Griswold

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Bumble bees (Bombus) are vitally important pollinators of wild plants and agricultural crops worldwide. Fragmentary observations, however, have suggested population declines in several North American species. Despite rising concern over these observations in the United States, highlighted in a recent National Academy of Sciences report, a national assessment of the geographic scope and possible causal factors of bumble bee decline is lacking. Here, we report results of a 3-y interdisciplinary study of changing distributions, population genetic structure, and levels of pathogen infection in bumble bee populations across the United States. We compare current and historical distributions of eight species, compiling …

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Comparative Cryopreservation Of Avian Spermatozoa: Benefits Of Non-Permeating Osmoprotectants And Atp On Turkey And Crane Sperm Cryosurvival, Juan M. Blanco, Julie A. Long, George Gee, David E. Wildt, Ann M. Donoghue Jan 2011

Comparative Cryopreservation Of Avian Spermatozoa: Benefits Of Non-Permeating Osmoprotectants And Atp On Turkey And Crane Sperm Cryosurvival, Juan M. Blanco, Julie A. Long, George Gee, David E. Wildt, Ann M. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A comparative approach was used to evaluate the cryosurvival of turkey and crane sperm frozen in a dimethylacetamide (DMA) cryodiluent supplemented with osmoprotectants and ATP. A range (6–26%) of DMA concentrations was used alone or in combination with ATP (30, 60 or 118mM) or one of the following osmoprotectants: (1) sucrose (turkey, 8.0%; crane, 5.0%); (2) 5.0% sucrose and 5.0% trehalose; or (3) betaine hydrochloride (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mM). The viability of thawed sperm was assessed using the nigrosin–eosin stain and sperm motility was determined using the hanging-drop technique. For semen frozen only with DMA, post-thaw sperm motility was …

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Carbon Exchange By Establishing Biofuel Crops In Central Illinois, Marcelo Zeri, Kristina Anderson-Teixeira, George Hickman, Michael Masters, Evan Delucia, Carl J. Bernacchi Jan 2011

Carbon Exchange By Establishing Biofuel Crops In Central Illinois, Marcelo Zeri, Kristina Anderson-Teixeira, George Hickman, Michael Masters, Evan Delucia, Carl J. Bernacchi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Perennial grass bio-fuels may contribute to long-term carbon sequestration in soils, thereby providing a broad range of environmental benefits. To quantify those benefits, the carbon balance was investigated over three perennial grass bio-fuel crops – miscanthus (Miscanthus×giganteus), switch-grass (Panicum virgatum) and a mixture of native prairie plants – and a row crop control (maize–maize–soy) in Central Illinois, USA, during the establishment phase of the perennial grasses (2008–2011). The eddy covariance technique was used to calculate fluxes of carbon dioxide and energy balance components, such as latent and sensible heat fluxes. Whereas maize attained the highest maximal …

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Saving The Sagebrush Sea: An Ecosystem Conservation Plan For Big Sagebrush Plant Communities, Kirk W. Davies, Chad S. Boyd, Jeffrey L. Beck, Jon D. Bates, Tony J. Svejcar, Michael A. Gregg Jan 2011

Saving The Sagebrush Sea: An Ecosystem Conservation Plan For Big Sagebrush Plant Communities, Kirk W. Davies, Chad S. Boyd, Jeffrey L. Beck, Jon D. Bates, Tony J. Svejcar, Michael A. Gregg

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Vegetation change and anthropogenic development are altering ecosystems and decreasing biodiversity. Successful management of ecosystems threatened by multiple stressors requires development of ecosystem conservation plans rather than single species plans. We selected the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystem to demonstrate this approach. The area occupied by the sagebrush ecosystem is declining and becoming increasingly fragmented at an alarming rate because of conifer encroachment, exotic annual grass invasion, and anthropogenic development. This is causing rangewide declines and localized extirpations of sagebrush associated fauna and flora. To develop an ecosystem conservation plan, a synthesis of existing knowledge is …

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Effects Of Transmission Gear Selection On Tractor Performance And Fuel Costs During Deep Tillage Operations, C.M. Kichler, J.P. Fulton, R.L. Raper, T.P. Mcdonald, W.C. Zech Jan 2011

Effects Of Transmission Gear Selection On Tractor Performance And Fuel Costs During Deep Tillage Operations, C.M. Kichler, J.P. Fulton, R.L. Raper, T.P. Mcdonald, W.C. Zech

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Deep tillage operations required to alleviate soil compaction common in the Southeastern US remain energy intensive and expensive. Equipment performance and in-field efficiency are two variables that can be improved to minimize fuel consumption and ultimately reduce input costs for crop production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of transmission gear selection on fuel costs, draft, and other equipment performance variables using two deep tillage implements. Three different transmission gears were selected which represented slow, normal, and fast operating speeds for two typical in-row, integral subsoilers (KMC generation I rip-strip and Bigham Brothers ParatillTM). …

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Differentially Expressed Genes In Populus Simonii×Populus Nigra In Response To Nacl Stress Using Cdna-Aflp, Lei Wang, Boru Zhou, Lili Wu, Baozhu Guo, Tingbo Jiang Jan 2011

Differentially Expressed Genes In Populus Simonii×Populus Nigra In Response To Nacl Stress Using Cdna-Aflp, Lei Wang, Boru Zhou, Lili Wu, Baozhu Guo, Tingbo Jiang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Salinity is an important environmental factor limiting growth and productivity of plants, and affects almost every aspect of the plant physiology and biochemistry. The objective of this study was to apply cDNA-AFLP and to identify differentially expressed genes in response to NaCl stress vs. no-stress in Populus simonii × Populus nigra in order to develop genetic resources for genetic improvement. Selective amplification with 64 primer combinations allowed the visualization of 4407 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), and 2027 were differentially expressed. Overall, 107 TDFs were re-sequenced successfully, and 86 unique sequences were identified in 10 functional categories based on their putative functions. …

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Methodologies For Simulating Impacts Of Climate Change On Crop Production, Jeffrey W. White, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Bruce A. Kimball, Gerard W. Wall Jan 2011

Methodologies For Simulating Impacts Of Climate Change On Crop Production, Jeffrey W. White, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Bruce A. Kimball, Gerard W. Wall

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Ecophysiological models are widely used to forecast potential impacts of climate change on future agricultural productivity and to examine options for adaptation by local stakeholders and policy makers. However, protocols followed in such assessments vary to such an extent that they constrain cross-study syntheses and increase the potential for bias in projected impacts. We reviewed 221 peer-reviewed papers that used crop simulation models to examine diverse aspects of how climate change might affect agricultural systems. Six subject areas were examined: target crops and regions; the crop model(s) used and their characteristics; sources and application of data on [CO2] …

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Evaluation Of Waxy Grain Sorghum For Ethanol Production, Shuping Yan, Xiaorong Wu, Scott R. Bean, Jeffery F. Pedersen, Tesfaye Tesso, Yuanhong Chen, Donghai Wang Jan 2011

Evaluation Of Waxy Grain Sorghum For Ethanol Production, Shuping Yan, Xiaorong Wu, Scott R. Bean, Jeffery F. Pedersen, Tesfaye Tesso, Yuanhong Chen, Donghai Wang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objective of this research was to investigate the fermentation performance of waxy grain sorghum for ethanol production. Twenty-five waxy grain sorghum varieties were evaluated with a laboratory dry-grind procedure. Total starch and amylose contents were measured following colorimetric procedures. Total starch and amylose contents ranged from 65.4 to 76.3% and from 5.5 to 7.3%, respectively. Fermentation efficiencies were in the range of 86.0-92.2%, corresponding to ethanol yields of 2.61-3.03 gallons/bushel. The advantages of using waxy sorghums for ethanol production include easier gelatinization and low viscosity during liquefaction, higher starch and protein digestibility, higher free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and …

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Anointing Chemicals And Hematophagous Arthropods: Responses By Ticks And Mosquitoes To Citrus (Rutaceae) Peel Exudates And Monoterpene Components, Paul J. Weldon, John F. Carroll, Matthew H. Kramer, Robert H. Bedoukian, Russell E. Coleman, Ulrich R. Bernier Jan 2011

Anointing Chemicals And Hematophagous Arthropods: Responses By Ticks And Mosquitoes To Citrus (Rutaceae) Peel Exudates And Monoterpene Components, Paul J. Weldon, John F. Carroll, Matthew H. Kramer, Robert H. Bedoukian, Russell E. Coleman, Ulrich R. Bernier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Some birds and mammals roll on or wipe themselves with the fruits or leaves of Citrus spp. or other Rutaceae. These anointing behaviors, as with anointing in general, are thought to function in the topical acquisition of chemicals that deter consumers, including hematophagous arthropods. We measured avoidance and other responses by nymphal lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) and adult female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to lemon peel exudate and to 24 volatile monoterpenes (racemates and isomers), including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, acetates, ketones, and oxides, present in citrus fruits and leaves in order to examine their …

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Strategies For Labeling Proteins With Paracest Agents, Olga Vasalatiy, Piyu Zhao, Mark Woods, Andrei Marconescu, Aminta Castillo-Muzquiz, Philip Thorpe, Garry Kiefer, A. Dean Sherry Jan 2011

Strategies For Labeling Proteins With Paracest Agents, Olga Vasalatiy, Piyu Zhao, Mark Woods, Andrei Marconescu, Aminta Castillo-Muzquiz, Philip Thorpe, Garry Kiefer, A. Dean Sherry

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reactive surface lysine groups on the chimeric monoclonal antibody (3G4) and on human serum albumin (HSA) were labeled with two different PARACEST chelates. Between 7.4 – 10.1 chelates were added per 3G4 molecule and between 5.6 – 5.9 chelates per molecule of HSA, depending upon which conjugation chemistry was used. The immunoreactivity of 3G4 as measured by ELISA assays was highly dependent upon the number of attached chelates: 88% immunoreactivity with 7.4 chelates per antibody versus only 17% immunoreactivity with 10.1 chelates per antibody. Upon conjugation to 3G4, the bound water lifetime of Eu-1 increased only marginally, up from …

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Identity Negotiating: Redefining Stigmatized Identities Through Adaptive Sports And Recreation Participation Among Individuals With A Disability, Neil R. Lundberg, Stacy Taniguchi, Bryan P. Mccormick, Catherine Tibbs Jan 2011

Identity Negotiating: Redefining Stigmatized Identities Through Adaptive Sports And Recreation Participation Among Individuals With A Disability, Neil R. Lundberg, Stacy Taniguchi, Bryan P. Mccormick, Catherine Tibbs

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meanings and outcomes of adaptive sport and recreation participation among individuals with disabilities. In-depth open-ended interviews were conducted with 17 individuals. Analysis of the data followed qualitative data analysis and classical grounded theory utilizing line by line coding, identification of emergent themes, and identification of a core category grounded in the data. Results indicated that participants felt stigmatized and stereotyped, but their adaptive sports and recreation participation provided them with opportunities to build social networks, experience freedom and success, positively compare themselves with others without disabilities, and feel a sense of …

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In Search Of Satanists Examining The Accounts Of Deviant Religious Practitioners, Chris P. Mcdaniel Jan 2011

In Search Of Satanists Examining The Accounts Of Deviant Religious Practitioners, Chris P. Mcdaniel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the glut of literature focusing on numerous aspects of mainline American religious life, there is a surprising dearth of information regarding deviant religious practitioners. Importantly, there remains a lack of focus on the specificities of religious and spiritual deviance, and the accounts of those who engage in such practices. This exploratory study closely examines the members of one such religion; specifically, the Church of Satan. Despite the stigma associated with Satanism, individuals continue to willfully engage in such practices. Research uses face-toface, semi-structured interviews to better discern the rationale behind Satanic worship as understood by modern-day believers. Particular attention …

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The History Of Intellectual Property Taxation: Promoting Innovation And Other Intellectual Property Goals?, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine Jan 2011

The History Of Intellectual Property Taxation: Promoting Innovation And Other Intellectual Property Goals?, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine

Faculty Publications

An important issue deserving scholarly attention concerns the proper role of the federal tax system in achieving intellectual property law's innovation objectives. The article traces the historic development of the specific tax rules governing intellectual property, identifies present areas of policy dissonance in the intersection of intellectual property and taxation, and calls for an appropriate legal framework for future intellectual property tax legislation.

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The Acute Toxicity Of The Death Camas (Zigadenus Species) Alkaloid Zygacine In Mice, Including The Effect Of The Methyllycaconitine Coadministration On Zygacine Toxicity, K. D. Welch, K. E. Panter, D. R. Gardner, B. L. Stegelmeier, B. T. Green, J. A. Pfister, D. Cook Jan 2011

The Acute Toxicity Of The Death Camas (Zigadenus Species) Alkaloid Zygacine In Mice, Including The Effect Of The Methyllycaconitine Coadministration On Zygacine Toxicity, K. D. Welch, K. E. Panter, D. R. Gardner, B. L. Stegelmeier, B. T. Green, J. A. Pfister, D. Cook

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Death camas (Zigadenus spp.) is a common poisonous plant on foothill rangelands in western North America. The steroidal alkaloid zygacine is believed to be the primary toxic component in death camas. Poisonings on rangelands generally occur in the spring when death camas is abundant, whereas other more desirable forage species are limited in availability. In most cases where livestock are poisoned by plants in a range setting, there is more than one potential poisonous plant in that area. One common poisonous plant that is often found growing simultaneously in the same area as death camas is low larkspur ( …

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Social Justice And Common Good: What Are They For?, Thomas Hughson Jan 2011

Social Justice And Common Good: What Are They For?, Thomas Hughson

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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High Temperature Dilute Acid Pretreatment Of Coastal Bermuda Grass For Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Arthur P. Redding, Ziyu Wang, Deepak R. Keshwani, Jay J. Cheng Jan 2011

High Temperature Dilute Acid Pretreatment Of Coastal Bermuda Grass For Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Arthur P. Redding, Ziyu Wang, Deepak R. Keshwani, Jay J. Cheng

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Dilute sulfuric acid was used to pretreat coastal Bermuda grass at high temperature prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. After both pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes, the highest yield of total sugars (combined xylose and glucose) was 97% of the theoretical value. The prehydrolyzate liquor was analyzed for inhibitory compounds (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) in order to assess potential risk for inhibition during the following fermentation. Accounting for the formation of the inhibitory compounds, a pretreatment with 1.2% acid at 140 °C for 30 min with a total sugar yield of 94% of the theoretical value may be more favorable for fermentation. From …

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Detection And Quantification Of Poliovirus Infection Using Ftir Spectroscopy And Cell Culture, Felipe T. Lee-Montiel, Kelly A. Reynolds, Mark R. Riley Jan 2011

Detection And Quantification Of Poliovirus Infection Using Ftir Spectroscopy And Cell Culture, Felipe T. Lee-Montiel, Kelly A. Reynolds, Mark R. Riley

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: In a globalized word, prevention of infectious diseases is a major challenge. Rapid detection of viable virus particles in water and other environmental samples is essential to public health risk assessment, homeland security and environmental protection. Current virus detection methods, especially assessing viral infectivity, are complex and time-consuming, making point-of-care detection a challenge. Faster, more sensitive, highly specific methods are needed to quantify potentially hazardous viral pathogens and to determine if suspected materials contain viable viral particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with cellular-based sensing, may offer a precise way to detect specific viruses. This approach utilizes infrared …

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Cellular Arrays For Large-Scale Analysis Of Transcription Factor Activity, Abigail D. Bellis, Beatriz Peňalver-Bernabé, Michael S. Weiss, Michael E. Yarrington, Maria V. Barbolina, Angela K. Pannier, Jacqueline S. Jeruss, Linda J. Broadbelt, Lonnie D. Shea Jan 2011

Cellular Arrays For Large-Scale Analysis Of Transcription Factor Activity, Abigail D. Bellis, Beatriz Peňalver-Bernabé, Michael S. Weiss, Michael E. Yarrington, Maria V. Barbolina, Angela K. Pannier, Jacqueline S. Jeruss, Linda J. Broadbelt, Lonnie D. Shea

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Identifying molecular mechanisms or therapeutic targets is typically based on large-scale cellular analysis that measures the abundance of mRNA or protein; however, abundance does not necessarily correlate with activity. We report a method for direct large-scale quantification of active pathways that employs a cellular array with parallel gene delivery of constructs that report pathway activity. The reporter constructs encode luciferase, whose expression is influenced by binding of transcription factors (TFs), which are the downstream targets of signaling pathways. Luciferase levels are quantified by bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which allows for rapid, noninvasive measurements. Activity profiles by BLI of 32 TFs were …

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Microarray Analysis Of Gene Expression Profiles In Cells Transfected With Nonviral Vectors, Sarah A. Plautz, Gina Boanca, Jean-Jack M. Riethoven, Angela K. Pannier Jan 2011

Microarray Analysis Of Gene Expression Profiles In Cells Transfected With Nonviral Vectors, Sarah A. Plautz, Gina Boanca, Jean-Jack M. Riethoven, Angela K. Pannier

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Inefficient gene delivery is a critical factor limiting the use of nonviral methods in therapeutic applications including gene therapy and tissue engineering. There have been few efforts to understand or engineer the molecular signaling pathways that dictate the efficacy of gene transfer. Microarray analysis was used to determine endogenous gene expression profiles modulated during nonviral gene transfer. Nonviral DNA lipoplexes were delivered to HEK 293T cells. Flow cytometry was used to isolate a population of transfected cells. Expression patterns were compared between transfected and nontransfected samples, which revealed three genes that were significantly upregulated in transfected cells, including RAP1A, …

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