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2011

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Political Participation And E-Petitioning An Analysis Of The Policy-Making Impact Of The Scottish Parliament's E-Petition System, Ross D. Cotton Dec 2011

Political Participation And E-Petitioning An Analysis Of The Policy-Making Impact Of The Scottish Parliament's E-Petition System, Ross D. Cotton

HIM 1990-2015

Worldwide, representative democracies have been experiencing declining levels of voter turnout, lower membership levels in political parties, and apathy towards their respective political systems and their ability to influence the political process. E-democracy, and specifically E-petitioning, have been touted as a possible solution to this problem by scholars of electoral systems. In 1999, the Scottish Parliament reconvened for the first time in nearly three hundred years, and quickly set out to change the way politics were handled in Scotland by launching the world's first online E-petition system. Analyzing the Scottish Parliament's E-petition system, and assessing the extent to which it …

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Prosecutorial Discretion And Plea Bargaining: Is There A Jury Trial Penalty?, Gina Hall Dec 2011

Prosecutorial Discretion And Plea Bargaining: Is There A Jury Trial Penalty?, Gina Hall

HIM 1990-2015

As the most powerful position of the courtroom workgroup, the prosecutor plays an essential role in the criminal justice system. From the defendant's initial contact with the criminal court process when the prosecutor makes the charging decision, until sentencing when the prosecutor's recommendation guides judicial discretion, prosecutors hold the power to decide a defendant's fate. Despite the parameters that govern their ability to use discretion, the prosecutor still maintains a significant amount of power to influence crucial decisions with regard to the defendant. The current study addresses the issue of prosecutorial discretion and the ability to mishandle the powers bestowed …

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Treatment Of Opiate Abuse: Increasing Patient Self-Efficacy And Engagement In Treatment Through Education Of Providers, Kimberly Wight Dec 2011

Treatment Of Opiate Abuse: Increasing Patient Self-Efficacy And Engagement In Treatment Through Education Of Providers, Kimberly Wight

Theses and Dissertations

Opiate abuse is one of the fastest growing public health concerns in the United States and has far reaching ramifications that effect individual patients and their families, communities, and the healthcare system (U.S. Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center, 2010). It has been shown that there is significant gap in knowledge among healthcare providers surrounding the topic of opiate abuse and dependence as well as the available pharmacologic treatments that are available to help relieve withdrawal as well as help maintain heal truer lifestyles. In addition to this lack in knowledge there appears to be a gap in recognizing …

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How Was Judicial Power Balanced In Malta In Early Modern Times? A Cursory Look At The Maltese Legal System Through A Historical Perspective, Simon Mercieca Dec 2011

How Was Judicial Power Balanced In Malta In Early Modern Times? A Cursory Look At The Maltese Legal System Through A Historical Perspective, Simon Mercieca

Journal of Civil Law Studies

No abstract provided.

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How States Facilitate Small Arms Trafficking In Africa: A Theoretical And Juristic Interpretation, Dawn L. Rothe, Jeffrey Ian Ross Dec 2011

How States Facilitate Small Arms Trafficking In Africa: A Theoretical And Juristic Interpretation, Dawn L. Rothe, Jeffrey Ian Ross

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

Small arms’ trafficking is complex and involves a host of actors. As numerous court documents, transcripts, United Nations and NGO reports have revealed, many state institutions play a prominent role in the facilitation of, complicity in, and implicit involvement in black and grey arms trafficking. We suggest that if we are to consider the vast number of actors involved in the trafficking of small arms, the issue of controls is highly problematic, given the extent of limited applicable international legal doctrines, such as joint criminal enterprise, criminal organization, or collective criminality. Furthermore, there are broader political issues that hinder efforts …

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Role Of Tobacco Promotions On Smoking, George Thomas, Rani George Dec 2011

Role Of Tobacco Promotions On Smoking, George Thomas, Rani George

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

The major goal of the study was to examine the impact of tobacco promotions on smoking among African American college students. The study was conducted among undergraduate students (N=257) and incoming freshmen (N=287) in a Historically Black University. The variables in this study include gender, membership in athletic teams; membership in Greek organizations; staying in residence halls; tobacco promotion, cigarette smoking among family members; and cigarette smoking among close friends. Results of the logistic regression analyses indicate that predictors vary with the status of the students (undergraduates versus incoming freshmen) and nature of smoking (lifetime versus current smoking). The results …

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Criminal Liability Of The Police In Cameroon: Prospects And Challenges, Ebai Eban Dec 2011

Criminal Liability Of The Police In Cameroon: Prospects And Challenges, Ebai Eban

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

This paper looks at the institutional framework and the procedural mechanisms involved in rendering police accountable through the criminal trial process in Cameroon. The difficulties involved in getting a police agent answer for his criminal misconduct as a result of the coexistence of the civil and common-law legal systems will be of particular interest. Challenges facing the criminal trial process prior to and after the enactment of a single criminal procedure code in Cameroon are also examined and recommendation offered with the view to enhancing the criminal trial of police officers in Cameroon without hampering the smooth running of their …

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A Qualitative Study On The Experiences Black Adolescent Females Have With Cyber-Bullying In An Urban High School Environment, Paul Miller Dec 2011

A Qualitative Study On The Experiences Black Adolescent Females Have With Cyber-Bullying In An Urban High School Environment, Paul Miller

Education Doctoral

This study examines and analyzes the effects of cyberbullying among adolescent Black females in an urban setting. This population is largely excluded from Digital Youth Culture (DYC) research within cyberbullying literature (Patchin & Hinduja, 2006), even though such research is clearly warranted. To understand school violence, students must be viewed as social actors, experiencing the negative ramifications of DYC in school. These ramifications result from an imbalance of power generated through the use of aggressive tactics designed to damage a teen’s reputation, social status, and emotional well being. Currently, no research reports how cyberbullying manifests itself in an urban context, …

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Dividing Stereotyping And Religion: The Legal Implications Of The Ambiguous References To Voodoo In U.S. Court Proceedings., Danielle N. Boaz Dec 2011

Dividing Stereotyping And Religion: The Legal Implications Of The Ambiguous References To Voodoo In U.S. Court Proceedings., Danielle N. Boaz

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

In human rights law, freedom of religion generally possesses three main components: the right to freedom of thought and conscience, freedom to manifest religion or beliefs, and freedom to profess, disseminate, or share religion or beliefs. The latter two are typically subject to restrictions such as public safety, health, morals, and the rights and freedoms of others. They are also the two most often litigated components. For centuries, colonizers deprived practitioners of their freedom of religion in the Americas – specifically African-based traditions, such as Voodoo. Stereotypes about Voodoo, which stem from early colonizer observance and belief that Haitians were …

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Accessing Justice: The Availability And Adequacy Of Counsel In Removal Proceedings (New York Immigrant Representation Study Report: Part 1), Peter L. Markowitz, Jojo Annobil, Stacy Caplow, Peter V.Z Cobb, Nancy Morawetz, Oren Root, Claudia Slovinsky, Zhifen Cheng, Lindsay Nash Dec 2011

Accessing Justice: The Availability And Adequacy Of Counsel In Removal Proceedings (New York Immigrant Representation Study Report: Part 1), Peter L. Markowitz, Jojo Annobil, Stacy Caplow, Peter V.Z Cobb, Nancy Morawetz, Oren Root, Claudia Slovinsky, Zhifen Cheng, Lindsay Nash

Cardozo Law Review

The article addresses the immigrant representation crisis in U.S. immigration courts, highlighting a severe shortage of competent legal representation for individuals in removal proceedings. This crisis is marked by both a lack of quantity and quality of representation, exacerbated by rising deportation rates, detention practices, and resource constraints faced by removal defense providers (RDPs). The study underscores the critical role of legal representation in achieving successful outcomes, with stark disparities in success rates between represented and unrepresented individuals. It advocates for systemic solutions, including expanded funding, improved coordination among providers, and policy reforms to ensure fair and competent representation for …

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Purging The Drug Conviction Ban On Food Stamps In California., Lyndsey K. Eadler Dec 2011

Purging The Drug Conviction Ban On Food Stamps In California., Lyndsey K. Eadler

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

California’s choice to only partially opt out of the federal lifetime ban on food stamps for felony drug offenders results in the California legislature denying necessary and vital food assistance to thousands of otherwise eligible Californians. Other than supporting a “tough on drugs” agenda, no legitimate reason can be provided for categorically denying food stamps to individuals with felony drug convictions while allowing individuals convicted of other crimes to continue receiving the benefit. This ban is detrimental to the reintegration of ex-felons into the community; for poor ex-felons, who are financially eligible to receive food stamps, the ban significantly limits …

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Using International Human Rights Law To Combat Racial Discrimination In The U.S. Criminal Justice System., Terrence Rogers Dec 2011

Using International Human Rights Law To Combat Racial Discrimination In The U.S. Criminal Justice System., Terrence Rogers

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Statistics tend to show Black people commit most of the crime in the United States. Those statistics fail to account for unequal treatment of minorities at each stage of the criminal justice system. This unequal treatment may take the form of buy-and-bust operations, racial profiling, street sweeps, and other police activities which target people in low-income communities populated mainly by minorities. The American criminal justice system contains a cyclical, self-perpetuating aspect to the treatment of certain minorities. These perceptions direct a disproportionate amount of law enforcement attention on minorities, which leads to disproportionate arrests of minorities. The result shows racial …

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Police Programs, Canines, And Contingency Theory: An Explanation Of Canine Numbers Among Large Police Departments, David Wayne Welker Dec 2011

Police Programs, Canines, And Contingency Theory: An Explanation Of Canine Numbers Among Large Police Departments, David Wayne Welker

Theses

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF DAVID WELKER, for the Master of Arts degree in CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, presented on OCTOBER 18, 2011, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: POLICE PROGRAMS, CANINES, AND CONTINGENCY THEORY: AN EXPLANATION OF CANINE NUMBERS AMONG LARGE POLICE DEPARTMENTS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Joseph Schafer Canines have provided services for humans over many centuries. More recently, they have been used for police work. Canines are used to apprehend suspects, track people, and find drugs. They are also seen as a less-than-lethal weapon and can be used in a number of different programs such as D.A.R.E./crime …

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Childhood Maltreatment, Parental Monitoring, And Self-Control Among Homeless Young Adults: Consequences For Negative Social Outcomes, Lisa A. Kort-Butler, Kimberly A. Tyler, Lisa A. Melander Dec 2011

Childhood Maltreatment, Parental Monitoring, And Self-Control Among Homeless Young Adults: Consequences For Negative Social Outcomes, Lisa A. Kort-Butler, Kimberly A. Tyler, Lisa A. Melander

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Although parenting factors have been found to contribute to self-control, little is understood about how experiences of maltreatment affect the development of self-control and whether self-control mediates the relationship between maltreatment and negative social outcomes, especially among homeless individuals. This study examined whether lower parental monitoring, physical abuse, and neglect affected the development of self-control and if self-control mediated the relationship between parenting factors and negative social outcomes among a sample of homeless young adults. Results from path analyses indicated that lower parental monitoring and earlier age at first abuse contributed to less cognitive self-control. The effect of monitoring on …

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State Super-Maximum Security Policies: An Examination Of Admission Characteristics, Classification Reviews, Mental Health Amenities, And Inmate Privileges, Harry Daniel Butler Dec 2011

State Super-Maximum Security Policies: An Examination Of Admission Characteristics, Classification Reviews, Mental Health Amenities, And Inmate Privileges, Harry Daniel Butler

Master's Theses

Super-maximum security prisons have flourished within a political environment that endorses tougher criminal sanctions. This punitive evolution has created new problems for correctional agencies attempting to control the “worst of the worst” inmates. Federal courts and researchers have examined the detrimental effects supermax isolation has on inmates’ mental health. This analysis examines forty-two state supermax policies to determine how states admit inmates to supermax custody, the classification review process, the management of inmates with mental illnesses, and the availability of privileges for supermax inmates. Drawing on the concept of the McDonaldization of Justice (Ritzer, 1993), particular attention is given to …

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A Content Analysis Of Statutory Grounds For Involuntary Termination Of Parental Rights: The Impacts And Susceptibility Of Incarcerated Mothers And Their Children, Holly Marie Duke Dec 2011

A Content Analysis Of Statutory Grounds For Involuntary Termination Of Parental Rights: The Impacts And Susceptibility Of Incarcerated Mothers And Their Children, Holly Marie Duke

Master's Theses

As the myriad of complex circumstances surrounding incarceration and foster care debilitate the parent-child relationship, the likelihood of legal severance between an incarcerated parent and their child increases. Despite the nation’s mounting prison population over the last three decades, the growing interaction between the prison and foster care populations has received minimal attention in the literature. To date, the influence of the statutory grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights on the legal severance between incarcerated parents and their children has been largely ignored. The purpose of this research is to determine the susceptibility of incarcerated parents to the involuntary …

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An Examination Of Workplace Racial Microaggressions And Their Effect On Employee Performance, Ronee L. Hunter Dec 2011

An Examination Of Workplace Racial Microaggressions And Their Effect On Employee Performance, Ronee L. Hunter

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

Although laws regulate blatant discrimination in the workplace, researchers have shown that invisible racism occurs through everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental communications. Invisible racism, in the form of microaggressions, includes subtle comments that negate or invalidate the thoughts, feelings, or experiences of a person of color. Microaggressions are words or actions that occur in communication that communicators may be unaware are a form of racism. Racial microaggressions were examined in this study through the lens of symbolic interactionism. This theory studies race as a structural category reproducing inequality, and it illuminates the influence of culture and communication "to reproduce racism …

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The Role Of Cortisol In The Cycle Of Violence, Joshua Leigh Gowin Dec 2011

The Role Of Cortisol In The Cycle Of Violence, Joshua Leigh Gowin

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Child abuse and neglect are universal risk factors for delinquency, violence and aggression; this phenomenon is known as the cycle of violence. Despite a wide body of research demonstrating this phenomenon, the processes which mediate this relationship remain largely unknown. One potentially relevant result of abuse and neglect may be disruptions in the development of the body’s stress response, specifically the function of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA-axis, and its end-product, cortisol, may play a role in regulating aggressive behavior, but this function may be disrupted following abuse and neglect. Another risk factor for aggression, psychopathy, may mediate the …

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The Prospector, December 1, 2011, Utep Student Publications Dec 2011

The Prospector, December 1, 2011, Utep Student Publications

The Prospector

Headline: Good Luck Graduating Miners

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Review Of Contesting Community: The Limits And Potential Of Local Organizing. James Defilippis, Robert Fisher, & Eric Shragge. Reviewed By Nancy Giunta., Nancy Giunta Dec 2011

Review Of Contesting Community: The Limits And Potential Of Local Organizing. James Defilippis, Robert Fisher, & Eric Shragge. Reviewed By Nancy Giunta., Nancy Giunta

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of James DeFilippis, Robert Fisher, & Eric Shragge (2010). Contesting Community: The Limits and Potential of Local Organizing. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. $25.95 (paperback).

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Lawyer: Winter 2011-2012, Seattle University School Of Law Dec 2011

Lawyer: Winter 2011-2012, Seattle University School Of Law

Lawyer

• Lawmakers Leave Politics Out of the Classroom
• Freedom Restored: Professor and Students Help Transformed Man Win Clemency
• Law School’s Full-Tuition Scholars Work to Effect Societal Change
• Graduate Fights for the Rights of Accused War Criminal

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Lifting The Cloak: Preventive Detention As Punishment, Douglas Husak Dec 2011

Lifting The Cloak: Preventive Detention As Punishment, Douglas Husak

San Diego Law Review

Most of the scholarly reaction to systems of preventive detention has been hostile. Negative judgments are especially prevalent among penal theorists who hold nonconsequentialist, retributivist rationales for criminal law and punishment. Surely their criticisms are warranted as long as we confine our focus to the existing systems of preventive detention that flagrantly disregard fundamental principles of legality and desert. Nonetheless, I believe that many of their more sweeping objections tend to rest too uncritically on doctrines of criminal theory that are not always supported by sound arguments even though they are widely accepted. I will contend that we cannot fully …

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Interpretive Freedom: A Necessary Component Of Article Iii Judging , Jennifer M. Bandy Dec 2011

Interpretive Freedom: A Necessary Component Of Article Iii Judging , Jennifer M. Bandy

Duke Law Journal

As judges have debated the best method of constitutional and statutory interpretation, scholars have begun calling for increased constraints on the methodological freedoms of Article III judges. This Note rejects such proposals on constitutional grounds. Drawing upon the jurisprudence and scholarship on inherent powers, I argue that interpretive choice is an inherent judicial power. The drafting and ratification history of Article III demonstrates that the Framers expected federal judges to interpret the law. To accomplish this task, however, judges must have some methodological approach to help them prioritize interpretive evidence. Thus, imposition of a binding interpretive methodology upon federal judges …

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Optimization Of Crime Control Resources In A Society, Steven S. Thompson Dec 2011

Optimization Of Crime Control Resources In A Society, Steven S. Thompson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This paper looks at the economics of crime control through the Phillips-Votey Societal Cost Function model and mathematically proves that there is a socially optimal point at which society should be devoting resources towards the prevention of crime. This allows the society to minimize the social cost of crime given a theoretical cost constraint. This paper take the model further by conducting comparative analysis to determine the effect that changes in the functional form of crime generation, and crime prevention will have on society as represented in the model. This paper also looks at the counter intuitive effect that growth …

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Trafficking Of Women In Nepal: An Intersectional Analysis Of Organizational Narratives, Bhavana Mahat Dec 2011

Trafficking Of Women In Nepal: An Intersectional Analysis Of Organizational Narratives, Bhavana Mahat

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In Nepal, sex trafficking is usually associated with poverty, illiteracy and gender discrimination. To better understand the discursive dimensions of sex trafficking, this research examines the organizational narratives of the Nepalese anti-trafficking workers using the analytical framework of intersectionality. This study finds that the anti-trafficking workers' organizational narratives are influenced by both personal and institutional narratives. In their personal narratives, anti-trafficking workers recognize the multiple forms of discrimination shaping the victims' experiences, but the intersectional discriminations are rarely addressed in the anti-trafficking programs or services implemented by the non-profit organizations. After having identified sex-trafficking victims as experiencing discrimination based on …

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Race, Gender, And Tokenism In Policing: An Empirical Elaboration, Meghan S. Stroshine, Steven G. Brandl Dec 2011

Race, Gender, And Tokenism In Policing: An Empirical Elaboration, Meghan S. Stroshine, Steven G. Brandl

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

According to tokenism theory, “tokens” (those who comprise less than 15% of a group’s total) are expected to experience a variety of hardships in the workplace, such as feelings of heightened visibility, isolation, and limited opportunities for advancement. In the policing literature, most previous studies have defined tokenism narrowly in terms of gender. The current research extends prior research by examining tokenism as a function of gender and race, with an examination of racial/ethnic subgroups. Particular attention is paid to Latino officers as this study represents the first known study of tokenism and Latino police officers. Quantitative analyses reveal that, …

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Politics In The Non-Political Branch, Justin L. Swanson Dec 2011

Politics In The Non-Political Branch, Justin L. Swanson

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Professional Projects

Across the country there exists a patchwork of legal systems by which judges are appointed retained. In some states, like Illinois, it is a fully political process where judges actively campaign for election to the bench. But a majority of states, including Nebraska, have adopted the Merit Selection System, which attempts to remove politics from these processes. Nevertheless, politics can enter into the retention votes. And when they do, it can be extremely difficult for judges to overcome.

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Gendered Violence And The Ethics Of Social Science Research, Sameena A. Mulla, Heather R. Hlavka Dec 2011

Gendered Violence And The Ethics Of Social Science Research, Sameena A. Mulla, Heather R. Hlavka

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The issue of ethical conduct in research settings is important and complex. As tenure-track researchers who study gendered violence, we found Clark and Walker’s discussion provocative, thoughtful, and interesting. They urge researchers to attend both to the structural dynamics of research carried out under the pressures of tenure and promotion while advocating an ethical frame that draws attention to the limited definition of risk or harm that animates typical human subjects research. Victims of violence, they argue, should not be subjected to a standardized understanding of risk. A broader framework is needed, one that brings into conversation virtue ethics with …

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Lanthorn, Vol. 46, No. 28, December 1, 2011, Grand Valley State University Dec 2011

Lanthorn, Vol. 46, No. 28, December 1, 2011, Grand Valley State University

Volume 46, July 14, 2011 - June 18, 2012

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

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Integration Of Racially And Ethnically Diverse Modern Day Military Veterans In American Higher Education, Cedric Mandell Kenner Dec 2011

Integration Of Racially And Ethnically Diverse Modern Day Military Veterans In American Higher Education, Cedric Mandell Kenner

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on examining the integration and transition challenges of racially and ethnically diverse modern day military veterans at a predominantly white research university. Modern day racially and ethnically diverse veterans who have been retained at the institution past their freshman year were invited to participate in the study. Tinto's (1975) Student Integration Model (SIM) served as the theoretical framework for the study which focused on retention and academic support strategies that could be appropriate for racially and ethnically diverse modern day military veterans in American higher education. The methodology utilized in this study was phenomenology which utilized interviews …

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