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2011

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Migration And Hiv In India: Study Of Select Districts, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Alka Narang, Umesh Chawla Jan 2011

Migration And Hiv In India: Study Of Select Districts, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Alka Narang, Umesh Chawla

HIV and AIDS

Report of a study assessing the important role of migration in the spread of HIV in districts with high out-migration in India. The study suggests a considerable spread of HIV linked to migrants’ extramarital sexual behaviors, and subsequent delay in treatment for infected spouses. In order to control the spread of HIV, the study provides programmatic recommendations made by the study participants and the counselors from ICTCs and ART centers. These suggestions include village-level mapping of at-risk persons, mainstreaming HIV prevention interventions within current health resources, improving various village level HIV prevention programs, and involving women left behind by migrant …

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Hiv Transmission Among Married Men And Women In Districts With High Out-Migration In India: Study Brief, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Umesh Chawla, Alka Narang Jan 2011

Hiv Transmission Among Married Men And Women In Districts With High Out-Migration In India: Study Brief, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Umesh Chawla, Alka Narang

HIV and AIDS

This brief describes a study examining the links between male out-migration and HIV transmission among married men and women and other mechanisms by which HIV is transmitted within marital relationships in districts with high out-migration.

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Facilitating Regulatory Approval Of Multipurpose Prevention Technologies For Sexual And Reproductive Health, Martha Brady Jan 2011

Facilitating Regulatory Approval Of Multipurpose Prevention Technologies For Sexual And Reproductive Health, Martha Brady

HIV and AIDS

This brief describes multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) that address women's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs, and how to go about facilitating regulatory approval of this technology. It outlines a strategic framework to examine current regulatory guidance, as well a product development pathway to bring MPTs to market.

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What Regulatory Guidance Exists For Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (Mpts)? A Review Of Key Guidance Documents And Their Applicability To Mpts, Martha Brady, Heeyoung Park Jan 2011

What Regulatory Guidance Exists For Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (Mpts)? A Review Of Key Guidance Documents And Their Applicability To Mpts, Martha Brady, Heeyoung Park

HIV and AIDS

This brief reviews regulatory guidance documents and how they may apply to multi-purpose technologies (MPTs). It examines guidance documents from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The brief concludes by anticipating increased interactions with US regulatory agencies in hopes of finding new regulatory pathways that address MPTs specifically.

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Evaluation Of The Informed Consent Process For Male Circumcision Scale-Up In Swaziland, Barbara Friedland, Louis Apicella, Katie D. Schenk, Meredith Sheehy, Paul C. Hewett Jan 2011

Evaluation Of The Informed Consent Process For Male Circumcision Scale-Up In Swaziland, Barbara Friedland, Louis Apicella, Katie D. Schenk, Meredith Sheehy, Paul C. Hewett

HIV and AIDS

This report evaluates the informed consent process for male circumcision conducted through the Male Circumcision Partnership for Swaziland, led by Population Services International, in partnership with Jhpiego, Marie Stopes International, and the Population Council. The study assesses participants' comprehension of the circumcision process, the informed consent process, as well as the affect of male circumcision counseling on their experience.

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Education During Humanitarian Emergencies: The Situation Of Displaced Children And Youth In Darfur, Sudan, Safaa El-Kogali Jan 2011

Education During Humanitarian Emergencies: The Situation Of Displaced Children And Youth In Darfur, Sudan, Safaa El-Kogali

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

More than 39 million children and youth who live in conflict-affected fragile states do not have access to education. With an increase in the average duration of refugee displacement from 9 years in the early 1990s to 17 years today, whole generations of children have little chance to recoup the potential educational investment lost during their years living in the midst of a humanitarian emergency. The Population Council and the Women’s Refugee Commission launched a research project to identify the link between education and children’s protection and well-being in Darfur, Sudan. The objective was to document the educational environment in …

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Female Wages In The Egyptian Textiles And Clothing Industry: Low Pay Or Discrimination?, Amirah El-Haddad Jan 2011

Female Wages In The Egyptian Textiles And Clothing Industry: Low Pay Or Discrimination?, Amirah El-Haddad

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper analyzes data collected from a survey of firms and workers in the textiles and clothing sector in Egypt. These data allow for the explanation of the sector’s gender wage gap by poorer endowments, and relegation of women to low-paying firms and occupations; and by within-firm and within-occupation differential in returns. There is a pay gap in this sector, with men receiving an hourly wage 29 percent higher than that of women, partly because women are concentrated in the lower paid occupations, with a clear glass ceiling in effect, and outright discrimination occurs. The largest of …

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Punctuated Equilibrium: A Model For Administrative Evolution, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 353 (2011), Mark C. Niles Jan 2011

Punctuated Equilibrium: A Model For Administrative Evolution, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 353 (2011), Mark C. Niles

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Suicide Causation Experts In Teen Wrongful Death Claims: Will They Assist The Trier Of Fact?, 45 J. Marshall L. Rev. 51 (2011), Andrea Maciver Jan 2011

Suicide Causation Experts In Teen Wrongful Death Claims: Will They Assist The Trier Of Fact?, 45 J. Marshall L. Rev. 51 (2011), Andrea Maciver

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Little Metropolis: Religion, Politics, & Spolia, Paul Brazinski Jan 2011

The Little Metropolis: Religion, Politics, & Spolia, Paul Brazinski

Honors Theses

There have been numerous councils throughout the Catholic Church?s history. From the First Council of Nicaea in 325 CE to Vatican II in 1962, only a few centuries have passed without any major church doctrinal change. Following hand in hand with changes in doctrine came the bifurcation of the Christian Church into the Roman CatholicChurch and the Orthodox Church. The first split came in 325 CE with Arianism. Arius of Alexandria and his followers did not agree with the Catholic Church?s viewpoint that the son, Jesus, should be on equal footing with the Father and the Holy Spirit. Constantine the …

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Race To The Top, Again: Comments On The Genealogy Of Critical Race Theory Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, Gloria Ladson-Billings Jan 2011

Race To The Top, Again: Comments On The Genealogy Of Critical Race Theory Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, Gloria Ladson-Billings

Connecticut Law Review

Critical Race Theory (CRT) has made inroads into a variety offields beyond law. Education is an area that fostered critical race theory scholarship for more than fifteen years. In this Commentary Article the author describes critical race theory's development in education and documents pivotal incidences that both challenged and propelled the theory in education. Thus, while CRT in education has experienced some parallels with its development in legal scholarship, it also had some unique unfolding in the education research community.

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Critical What What Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Afterword, Devon W. Carbado Jan 2011

Critical What What Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Afterword, Devon W. Carbado

Connecticut Law Review

More than twenty years after the establishment of Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a self-consciously defined intellectual movement, defining oneself as a Critical Race Theorist can still engender the question: critical what what? When asked, the inquiry is not just about the appellation, though this is certainly part of what engenders the question. The query is about the whatness (or, less charitably, the "there, there") of CRT as well. What is the genesis of CRT? What are the core ideas? What are its goals and aspirations? What intellectual work does the theory perform outside of legal discourse? What are the …

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Inventing Norms, William Hubbard Jan 2011

Inventing Norms, William Hubbard

Connecticut Law Review

Patent law strives to promote the progress of technology by encouraging invention. Traditionally, scholars contend that patent law achieves this goal by creating financial incentives to invent in the form of exclusive rights to new technology. This traditional view of invention, however, fails to recognize that inventors are motivated by more than money. Like most people, inventors are also motivated by social norms, that is, shared normative beliefs favoring certain actions while disfavoring others. This Article argues that many Americans embrace social norms that favor and encourage successful invention. Because of these "inventing norms" inventors enjoy enhanced personal satisfaction and …

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The Village As Cold War Site: Experts, Development, And The History Of Rural Reconstruction, Nicole Sackley Jan 2011

The Village As Cold War Site: Experts, Development, And The History Of Rural Reconstruction, Nicole Sackley

History Faculty Publications

This article examines ‘the village’ as a category of development knowledge used by policymakers and experts to remake the ‘Third World’ during the Cold War. The idea of the village as a universal category of underdevelopment, capable of being remade by expert-led social reform, structured efforts to win the ‘hearts and minds’ of people from Asia to Latin America and Africa. Rooted in a transnational interwar movement for rural reconstruction, village projects were transformed in the 1950s and 1960s by a scientization of development that narrowed the range of experts in the field and by Cold War politics that increasingly …

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Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration, Tukufu Zuberi Jan 2011

Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration, Tukufu Zuberi

Connecticut Law Review

Kimberld Williams Crenshaw's Twenty Years of Critical Race Theory: Looking Back To Move Forward calls for a broader definition of CRT and for the next phase of this movement to embrace scholars from a multitude of disciplines. The tradition of critical theories of race in the social sciences is intimately related to the CRT Movement developed in the law. The social sciences are an important part of the realization of Crenshaw's aspirations. This Article argues that Crenshaw's call is visionary and a necessary step for researchers interested in the end of white supremacy and the elevation of the human sciences …

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The Value Of Intersectional Comparative Analysis To The Post-Racial Future Of Critical Race Theory: A Brazil-U.S. Comparative Case Study Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, Tanya Kateri Hernandez Jan 2011

The Value Of Intersectional Comparative Analysis To The Post-Racial Future Of Critical Race Theory: A Brazil-U.S. Comparative Case Study Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, Tanya Kateri Hernandez

Connecticut Law Review

This Commentary Article aims to illustrate the value of comparative law to the jurisprudence of Critical Race Theory (CRT), particularly with reference to the CRT project of deconstructing the mystique of "postracialism. " The central thesis of the Article is that the dangerous seductions of a U.S. ideology of "post-racialism" are more clearly identified when subject to the comparative law lens. In particular, a comparison to the Brazilian racial democracy version of "post-racialism" is an instructive platform from which to assess the advisability of promoting post-racial analyses of U.S. racial inequality. In Part I the Article introduces the value of …

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Twenty Years Of Critical Race Theory: Looking Back To Move Forward Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Lead Article, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw Jan 2011

Twenty Years Of Critical Race Theory: Looking Back To Move Forward Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Lead Article, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw

Connecticut Law Review

This Article revisits the history of Critical Race Theory (CRT) through a prism that highlights its historical articulation in light of the emergence of postracialism. The Article will explore two central inquiries. This first query attends to the specific contours of law as the site out of which CRT emerged. The Article hypothesizes that legal discourse presented a particularly legible template from which to demystify the role of reason and the rule of law in upholding the racial order. The second objective is to explore the contemporary significance of CRT's trajectory in light of today's "post-racial" milieu. The Article posits …

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Constituted By A Series Of Contestations: Critical Race Theory As A Social Movement Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, George Lipsitz Jan 2011

Constituted By A Series Of Contestations: Critical Race Theory As A Social Movement Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, George Lipsitz

Connecticut Law Review

The ideas, insights, and analyses that define the Critical Race Theory (CRT) project have made critical contributions to scholarship in law and many other disciplines. Yet CRT has never been merely a project of intellectual engagement and argument. The movement emerged from and contributed to the Black freedom struggle of the twentieth century. It drew many of its determinate features from lessons learned through political engagement and struggle. The occluded history of CRT speaks powerfully to the problems we face in the present as a result of our society's continuing failure to recognize the role that racism plays in preserving …

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History, Identity, And Alienation Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, Gary Peller Jan 2011

History, Identity, And Alienation Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Response, Gary Peller

Connecticut Law Review

This Commentary Article sets forth a grid for distinguishing between approaches to racial justice by diferentiating between liberal and critical approaches in general, and between integrationist and nationalist stances regarding race in particular. The Article then utilizes the grid to contend that Kimberld Crenshaw and others on the left wing of Critical Race Theory have accomplished a significant breakthrough in identity theory and nationalist practice by articulating a critical, historicist way to understand race. The Article then considers the criticism, lodged by some theorists claiming postmodern sophistication, that critical race theorists mistakenly attribute essentialist meaning to race. The Article concludes …

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Earl C. Borgeson And The Image Of The Law Librarian, Susan Azyndar Jan 2011

Earl C. Borgeson And The Image Of The Law Librarian, Susan Azyndar

Borgeson Paper Archive

In a career spanning four decades, Earl C. Borgeson admirably served a range of institutions. During his initial exploration of law librarianship as a career option, Earl C. Borgeson wrote letters to many in the profession,establishing a central motif of his professional life: a people-centered approach. Indeed, in later years, he would trumpet this facet of law librarianship: “we love to help each other!” Part and parcel of this focus, Borgeson’s career expressed itself less in academic publishing than in personal relationships. Rather than shaping law librarianship by developing a sharp focus on an emerging aspect of collection development, for …

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Looking For Waldo, Mary Whisner Jan 2011

Looking For Waldo, Mary Whisner

Librarians' Articles

No abstract provided.

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Feminists And Firearms: Why Are So Many Women Anti-Choice?, Lindsay K. Charles Jan 2011

Feminists And Firearms: Why Are So Many Women Anti-Choice?, Lindsay K. Charles

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that gun rights should be recognized as a feminist issue, emphasizing women's autonomy, safety, and equality. It challenges the conventional narrative that gun control aligns with feminist values, asserting that disarming women disempowers them and undermines their ability to defend themselves. The author advocates for women's right to bear arms as a means of self-defense, drawing parallels to other feminist issues like abortion, and proposes a rebuttable presumption for issuing concealed carry permits to women.

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The Relationship Between Religiosity And Substance Abuse Among African Americans: A Systematic Review Of 30 Years Of Research, Jeongah Kim Jan 2011

The Relationship Between Religiosity And Substance Abuse Among African Americans: A Systematic Review Of 30 Years Of Research, Jeongah Kim

Faculty Publications - College of Social Work

The main purpose of this study is to systematically examine research conducted over the past 30 years regarding the effects of religiosity on substance abuse among African American. The present study was designed to examine whether there is empirical support for a relationship between religiosity and substance abuse among African American. This study is a partial replication of a systematic review by Johnson et al. (2000) on the effect of religion on delinquent behaviors. Johnson and his colleagues (2000) found that there is a consistent negative relationship between religiosity and deviance in the most rigorous research. Given that various types …

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Courting The Iron Horse: How The United States Exacted Limited Controls Over The Railroads In The Second World War, Carl Nieman Jan 2011

Courting The Iron Horse: How The United States Exacted Limited Controls Over The Railroads In The Second World War, Carl Nieman

Honors Capstones

This thesis explores the extent of US Government control over the railroads during the Second World War. The purpose of this project is to discover how much government regulation there was regarding the railroads and how intrusive it was. This is achieved by looking over government documents between 1930 and 1950. These documents were reviewed and were assessed on how intrusive they were or were not and also the period in which they were wrote, during the war or before or after, was also taken into account. The findings of this thesis were that the US Government did increase its …

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China's Compliance With International Law: What Has Been Learned And The Gaps Remaining, Roda Mushkat Jan 2011

China's Compliance With International Law: What Has Been Learned And The Gaps Remaining, Roda Mushkat

Washington International Law Journal

Chinese willingness and ability to play by the rules in the global arena is a critical issue that has long loomed large on the academic and policy agendas. A substantial body of knowledge has been built in the past two decades, shedding considerable light on key dimensions of the question. However, there is an apparent need to fine-tune the approach pursued thus far by seeking greater methodological robustness and better theoretical elucidation. Data collection procedures must be anchored more firmly in principles of scientific inquiry, providing a solid empirical foundation for reliable and valid generalizations, and single-cause explanations need to …

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The Alien Tort Statute And Flomo V. Firestone Natural Rubber Company: The Key To Change In Global Child Labor Practices?, Jessica Bergman Jan 2011

The Alien Tort Statute And Flomo V. Firestone Natural Rubber Company: The Key To Change In Global Child Labor Practices?, Jessica Bergman

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The case of Flomo v. Firestone Natural Rubber Company involves child laborers' claims that labor practices on a Liberian rubber plantation violate international norms. Though the case was recently resolved in favor of the defendants at the district court level, the case's complicated procedural and substantive history offers insight into the viability of future child labor claims. This Note examines the Flomo case and explores how standards from the ATS and the United States Supreme Court case Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain apply to future plaintiffs' claims. This Note also analyzes the potential repercussions that plaintiffs face in using the ATS as …

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Youth Work As A Public Good: Older Teenager's Experiences Of Youth Services In Dulbin, Matt Bowden, Kerri Lanigan Jan 2011

Youth Work As A Public Good: Older Teenager's Experiences Of Youth Services In Dulbin, Matt Bowden, Kerri Lanigan

Articles

In the context of consumerism, individualism and the privatisation of young people’s leisure, youth work struggles to attract young people, especially those aged 15 to 9 years. Drawing from a study exploring young people’s perspectives on participation in youth services, it is argued that youth work offers a type of public and civic engagement that is not on offer from consumption-based activities. While certain activities attract young people into youth work, what maintains their participation is the sense of belonging they experience and the opportunity to participate meaningfully in decision making. In this regard the youth work sector needs to …

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Civilizing Processes, Paddy Dolan Jan 2011

Civilizing Processes, Paddy Dolan

Books/Book chapters

The theory of “civilizing processes” was developed by Norbert Elias in the 1930s to describe and explain the generation of higher standards of various forms of conduct in the context of unplanned but structured changes in state formation and lengthening chains of social interdependencies (Elias 2000). The idea of civilized conduct may seem a strange companion to popular understandings of consumer culture, when the latter phrase is often associated with hedonism, individualism and excess. But consumer cultures do refer to the meanings, values, emotions and practices surrounding the use of goods and services, including how people use their bodies through …

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A Cultural Analysis Of Information Technology Offshore Outsourcing: An Exercise In Multi-Sited Ethnography Of Virtual Work, Tara Eaton Jan 2011

A Cultural Analysis Of Information Technology Offshore Outsourcing: An Exercise In Multi-Sited Ethnography Of Virtual Work, Tara Eaton

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study is an exploration of how ethnography and anthropological analysis can provide new understanding of transnational, multi-sited research phenomena. Research focused on the work activities of one American client organization and its Indian IT service provider situated in the global virtual field of Information Technology (IT) offshore outsourcing. The Principal Investigator adapted and applied an ethnographic approach for her fieldwork in order to understand the norms, beliefs, and values about work, as well as the relationship between cultural differences and virtual communication. Dissertation findings offer new insight for anthropological discussions of globalization as well as suggest further development of …

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Boys' Masculinities In Three Adventure Physical Education Classes, Amy Tischler Jan 2011

Boys' Masculinities In Three Adventure Physical Education Classes, Amy Tischler

Wayne State University Dissertations

The diminished state of youth health in the United States has been a rising concern over the past few decades (Fahlman, Dake, McCaughtry, & Martin, 2008; Krebs, Baker, & Greer, 2003). Headlines across the nation declare that children in the United States are getting heavier and most point to a lack of physical activity as the cause (Wechsler et al., 2004). Understanding adventure physical education might help to create physical education programs that captivate students so much so that they look forward to participating rather than enacting task avoidance strategies. In fact, physical education might empower students to be physically …

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