Digital Commons Network^™

Oklahoma Landlords Beware: Miller V. David Grace, Inc. Abandons Caveat Emptor In Residential Leases, Jamie M. Powers

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Big Brother Is Watching: The Reality Show You Didn't Audition For, Amy Dillard

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

United States V. Nacchio: The Tenth Circuit’S Civil Approach To Sentencing For Insider Trading, Amy Dominick Padgett

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Transcript: Globalisation Of The Hague Children's Conventions With Emphasis On The Child Abduction Convention, William Duncan

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Memorandum: Accommodating The Uccjea And The 1996 Hague Convention, Robert G. Spector

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Hague Convention On Child Abduction And Unilateral Relocations By Custodial Parents: A Perspective From The United States And Europe -- Abbott, Neulinger, Zarraga, Linda J. Silberman

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Please Plead Me: Ashcroft V. Iqbal And Implications For Oklahoma Pleading, Paula M. Williams

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

To Agree Or Not To Agree: Treatment Of Postnuptial Agreements Under Oklahoma Law, Stephen T. Gary

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

What Is In Gina's Genes? The Curious Case Of The Mutant-Hybrid Employment Law, William Corbett

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Body Mass Index Is Associated With Dietary Patterns And Health Conditions In Georgia Centenarians, Dorothy B. Hausman, Mary Ann Johnson, Adam Davey, Leonard W. Poon

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Associations between body mass index (BMI) and dietary patterns and health conditions were explored in a population-based multiethnic sample of centenarians from northern Georgia. BMI ≤20 and ≥25 was prevalent in 30.9% and 25.3% of study participants, respectively. In a series of logistic regression analyses controlled for gender and place of residence, the probability of having BMI ≥25 was increased by being black versus white and having a low citrus fruit, noncitrus fruit, orange/yellow vegetable or total fruit and vegetable intake. The probability of having BMI ≤20 was not associated with dietary intake. When controlled for race, gender, residence, and …

Pro-Gun Property Regulation: How The State Of Oklahoma Controls The Property Rights Of Employers Through Firearm Legislation, J. Blake Patton

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Role Of European Starlings In The Spread Of Coccidia Within Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, James C. Carlson, George M. Linz, Lora R. Ballweber, Stacey A. Elmore, Susan E. Pettit, Alan B. Franklin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

To investigate the relationship between European starlings and bovine coccidiosis we collected samples from European starlings, cattle feed bunks, cattle water troughs, and cattle feces within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These samples were screened for coccidia spp. to investigate (i) the prevalence of coccidia in starlings using CAFOs; (ii) if there is a relationship between bovine coccidiosis and starling numbers; (iii) if coccidia contamination of cattle feed and water is related to the number of starlings observed on CAFOs. Coccidia belonging to the genus Eimeria were detected in cattle feces and one water sample but no Eimeria spp. were …

Ameliorating The Effects Of The Digenetic Trematode, Bolbophorus Damnificus On The Channel Catfish Industry, Lester Khoo, David J. Wise, Linda M. Pote, Andrew J. Mitchell, Todd S. Byars, Marlena C. Yost, Cynthia M. Doffitt, Brian S. Dorr, Barbara A. George, D. Tommy King, Terrill R. Hanson, Craig S. Tucker, Terrence E. Greenway, Matthew J. Griffin, Alvin C. Camus, Carla C. Panuska

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In the middle to late 1990s, an emerging digenetic trematode problem was recognized in the channel catfish industry. Morphologic and molecular analysis identified the culprit as Bolbophorns damnificus. The American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos serves as the definitive host, while the marsh rams-horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis) is the first intermediate host. Diagnosis of an infection involves identifying the metacercariae in the subcutaneous tissues. Infestations can be life threatening to catfish fingerlings but the proximate cause of mortality has not been ascertained. They may also predispose fingerlings to secondary infections. Larger fish do not usually succumb to the …

Landscape Features Influence Postrelease Predation On Endangered Black-Footed Ferrets, Sharon A. Poessel, Stewart W. Breck, Dean E. Biggins, Travis M. Livieri, Kevin R. Crooks, Lisa Angeloni

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Predation can be a critical factor influencing recovery of endangered species. In most recovery efforts lethal and nonlethal influences of predators are not sufficiently understood to allow prediction of predation risk, despite its importance. We investigated whether landscape features could be used to model predation risk from coyotes (Canis latrans) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) on the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of reintroduced ferrets from 3 sites in South Dakota to determine whether exposure to landscape features typically associated with predators affected survival of ferrets, and whether ferrets …

Nutrient Utilization And Diet Preference Of American White Pelicans Consuming Either A Mono- Or Multi-Species Diet, Treena L. Ferguson, Brian J. Rude, D. Tommy King

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

American White Pelicans ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos ) are reported to consume large quantities of commercial catfish in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi, negatively impacting aquaculture production. If pelicans consume a single item diet, such as catfish, nutritional deficiencies may result. Therefore, effects of mono-and multi-species diets were examined to determine nutritional impacts on pelicans in addition to determining if preferences for certain fish species exist. Twelve American White Pelicans captured in northwest Mississippi were used for a seven day metabolism trial followed by a two day preference trial. In the metabolism trial, pelicans were assigned to one of three treatment …

Land Use And Climate Influences On Waterbirds In The Prairie Potholes, Greg M. Forcey, Wayne E. Thogmartin, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier, Patrick C. Mckann

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Aim We examined the influences of regional climate and land-use variables on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) abundances to inform conservation planning in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States.

Location The US portion of Bird Conservation Region 11 (US-BCR11, the Prairie Potholes), which encompasses six states within the United States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota and Iowa.

Methods We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS), the National Land Cover Data Set, and the …

Assessment Of Bird Damage To Sunflower And Corn In North Dakota, Megan E. Klosterman, George M. Linz, Tony A. Slowik, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

North Dakota is the top sunflower producer in the United States, annually harvesting about 1 million acres (404,686 ha). Recently, corn has become a major crop within the state. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) often cause significant damage to these crops. The National Sunflower Association considers blackbird depredation of sunflower to be a key factor in the reduction in sunflower acreage in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR).

In 1979 and 1980, a field survey of bird damage to sunflower in North Dakota showed an estimated economic …

Evaluation Of Christmas Bird Counts And Landscape Factors As Indicators Of Local Blackbird And European Starling Winter Roosts, Matthew Strassburg, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Red-winged Blackbirds (RWBL) and Common Grackles (COGR) are the two most abundant blackbird species on the continent; Brewer’s Blackbirds (BRBL) are a much less common, but closely related species, and along with European Starlings (EUST), they are two of the most common groups of birds in North America, with combined populations that reach into the several hundreds of millions; making up a significant portion of the avian population. Although one of the most common birds on the continent, certain regions have seen declines in RWBL for a number of decades. In Ohio and North Dakota, this has been attributed to …

Long-Term Fertility Control In Female Cats With Gonacon™, A Gnrh Immunocontraceptive, Julie K. Levy, John A. Friary, Lowell A. Miller, Sylvia J. Tucker, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The uncontrolled reproduction of free-roaming feral cats contributes to overpopulation and associated concerns regarding their welfare and impact on public health and the environment. Nonsurgical fertility control that could be administered to feral cats in the field would be a powerful tool for cat population control. The objective was to test the efficacy and duration of activity of a single-dose GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon™) on the fertility of adult female laboratory cats. Vaccinated cats (n = 15) received a single injection of vaccine containing a GnRH-KLH conjugate (200 μg) emulsified in a mycobacterial and oil adjuvant on study Day …

Modeling Parental Provisioning By Red-Winged Blackbirds In North Dakota, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) exhibit a difference in nest provisioning rates along an east-west gradient, in North America. North Dakota is located in the center of North America and harbors a large population of breeding red-winged blackbirds (RWBL). This location provided an opportunity to compare provisioning rates in the central U.S. with those reported for the eastern and western populations. We placed video cameras at RWBL nests to record male and female feeding trips. Thirty-four nests were located on territories with original males and 30 were on territories where a replacement (floater) male had taken over a …

Excluding Nontarget Species From Brown Tree Snake, Boiga Irregularis (Reptilia: Colubridae), Bait Stations: Experimental Tests Of Station Design And Placement, Tom Mathies, Russell Scarpino, Brenna A. Levine, Craig S. Clark, Julie A. Savidge

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bait stations with toxic baits are an emerging technology for eradication of the invasive brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, yet potential interferences by nontarget species are largely unknown. We tested the efficacies of three bait station designs together with three commonly used station support structures to exclude nonnative rats (roof rat, Rattus rattus; Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus; Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans) and native coconut crabs (Birgus latro). When directly presented, all species readily consumed the dead neonatal mouse baits (nontoxic) including those replicating decomposing baits in the field. When bait stations …

Phylogenetic And Population Genetic Assessment Of Rafinesque’S Big-Eared Bat (Corynorhinus Rafinesquii), Antoinette J. Piaggio, David A. Saugey, D. Blake Sasse

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rafinesque’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) is distributed across the Southeastern United States. Due to habitat loss and low population numbers, this species is a Federal species of concern and protected by every State within its range. Effective management of any species of concern is dependent on an unambiguous understanding of taxonomic relationships. However, for this species, there are discordant inferences about subspecific designations from previous studies. Further, there have been no assessments of population genetic status for this species. Such assessments could provide information on genetic diversity and population connectivity and increase our understanding of the need for …

The Need To Quantify Ecosystem Services Provided By Birds, Daniel G. Wenny, Travis L. Devault, Matthew D. Johnson, Dave Kelly, Cagan H. Sekercioglu, Diana F. Tomback, Christopher J. Whelan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

What are the birds worth--what is their actual dollar value to human society? To most of us in the ornithological community, birds are invaluable. But in these times we need more specific rationales to convince policy makers and business leaders to include bird conservation in land-use and development decisions. Over the past two decades, awareness of our dependence on a variety of ecosystem services (natural ecological processes that benefit human society) and of their importance and prevalence has progressed toward the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Building strategies for the protection of ecosystem services into conservation and land-use …

Fifteen Years Of Urban Deer Management: The Fontenelle Forest Experience, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Gary W. Garabrandt, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Fontenelle Forest (FF) is a 16.5-km² serene natural area surrounded by a developed landscape, including Omaha and Bellevue, Nebraska, USA. An overabundant population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) degraded the local forest. In January 1995, we estimated the density of deer at 27 deer/km² in FF and the adjacent Gifford Point Wildlife Management Area (GP) and Bellevue residential (BR) area. We engaged in a public process to establish a deer management program in this developed landscape and learned from 15 years of experience. Formation of the Bellevue Deer Task Force led to implementation of controlled deer-hunting …

Effects Of Seasons And Hunting On Space Use By Female White-Tailed Deer In A Developed Landscape In Southeastern Nebraska, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Scott R. Groepper, Gary W. Garabrandt, Joseph A. Gubanyi

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were extirpated from a 1,800-ha natural area along the Missouri River near Omaha, Nebraska, USA shortly after settlement in the mid-1800s, but they recolonized the area in the early 1960s. In absence of hunting and predators, the population of deer became overabundant in the 1980s and 1990s. Deer impacted plant communities at Fontenelle Forest (FF) and Gifford Point (GP) and a 200–300% increase in deer–vehicle collisions was observed in the area. We radiocollared female white-tailed deer in this region during February 1995–March 1996 to determine the effects of phenological seasons and archery and muzzleloader …

Electric Shock Strips As Bird Deterrents: Does Experience Count?, Thomas W. Seamans, Bradley F. Blackwelll

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Understanding how birds detect and react to deterrent methods which are employed to protect structures is important both for the effective control of property damage, and to ensure that human health and safety are not compromised. One such device is a shock strip that causes slight pain to birds when they use a perch. Our aims were to determine: (1) the efficacy of a shock strip to flocks of Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and Rock Pigeons (Columba livia); (2) the length of time to extinction of effect; (3) whether members of a flock show a behavioural …

Immunocontraception In Eastern Gray Squirrels (Sciurus Carolinensis): Morphologic Changes In Reproductive Organs, Murali Pai, R. Bruner, Donald H. Schlafer, Greg K. Yarrow, C. A. Yoder, Lowell A. Miller

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Eastern gray squirrels (EGS) (Sciurus carolinensis) damage trees through bark stripping or gnawing due to territorial marking or agonistic gnawing behavior in concert with higher densities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of a contraceptive vaccine on EGS and its reproductive organ histology. Free ranging urban EGS were vaccinated with the immunocontraceptive GonaCon™. All EGS were ≥6 mo. of age as determined by a combination of pelage characteristics and body weights. The vaccine was administered by injection at a dosage rate of 0.4 ml containing 400 μg of GnRH-mollusk protein conjugate i.m. in the thigh to …

A Retrospective Economic Analysis Of The Ontario Red Fox Oral Rabies Vaccination Programme, S. A. Shwiff, C. P. Nunan, Katy N. Kirkpatrick, S. S. Shwiff

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Ontario initiated a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme in 1989. This study utilized a benefit-cost analysis to determine if this ORV programme was economically worthwhile. Between 1979 and 1989, prior to ORV baiting, the average annual human post-exposure treatments, positive red fox rabies diagnostic tests and indemnity payments for livestock lost to rabies were 2248, 1861 and $246 809, respectively. After baiting, from 1990 to 2000, a 35%, 66% and 41% decrease in post-exposure treatments, animal rabies tests and indemnity payments was observed, respectively. These reductions were viewed as benefits of the ORV programme, …

What Is The Proper Method To Delineate Home Range Of An Animal Using Today’S Advanced Gps Telemetry Systems: The Initial Step, W. David Walter, Justin W. Fischer, Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The formal concept of an animal’s home range, or derivations thereof, has been around for over half a century (Burt 1943). Within this time frame there have been countless published studies reporting home range estimators with no consensus for any single technique (Withey et al., 2001; Laver & Kelly 2008). Recent advances in global positioning system (GPS) technology for monitoring home range and movements of wildlife have resulted in locations that are numerous, more precise than very high frequency (VHF) systems, and often are auto correlated in space and time. Along with these advances, researchers are challenged with understanding the …

Vertebrate Species Introductions In The United States And Its Territories, Gary W. Witmer, Pam L. Fuller

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

At least 1,065 introduced vertebrate species have been introduced in the United States and its territories, including at least 86 mammalian, 127 avian, 179 reptilian/amphibian, and 673 fish species. Examples in each major taxonomic group include domestic cat, small Indian mongoose, red fox, goat, pig, rabbit, rats, house mouse, gray squirrel, nutria, starling, Indian common myna, red-vented bulbul, brown treesnake, red-eared slider, brown trout, tilapia, and grass carp. We briefly review some of these species and the types of damage they cause. We then review the basic types of methods used for control or eradication of each taxonomic group, including …