Digital Commons Network^™

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights Via Eu Border Regulations: Inhibiting Access To Medicine Or Preventing Counterfeit Medicine?, Catherine Dounis

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Unconventional Remedies: The Feasibility Of A Private Recall Remedy In The People's Republic Of China, Tina M. Castellana

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Introduction To The Symposium, Cynthia Godsoe

Journal of Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Bedside: A Human Rights Approach To Adolescent Health, Jonathan Todres

Journal of Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Method Developments To Analyze Caffeine And Acesulfame-K Concentrations In Natural Waters In And Around Charleston, Il, Usa, Laleen Bodhipaksha

Masters Theses

Analytical methods using batch solid phase extraction were developed for two chemical markers, caffeine and acesulfame-K, to assess anthropogenic water contamination of natural water bodies in and around Charleston, Illinois.

Measurements were conducted on 12 different extracted samples using reverse phase HPLC. Two creek samples showed the presence of acesulfame-K (0.45 ± 0.10 and 0.25 ± 0.06 ppb) and two creek samples showed the presence of caffeine (3 .1 ± 1.2 and 1.6 ± 0.6 ppb ). Effluent from the Charleston waste water treatment plant showed an acesulfame-K concentration of 0.67 ± 0.15 ppb.

These results indicate measurement of both …

How Husbands Can Support Their Wives In Achieving Weight Management Goals: The Development Of A Self-Help Resource, Christi Lynn Kush

Theses and Dissertations

The nationwide prevalence of obesity calls for more effective strategies for weight loss and maintenance of desired weight. The majority of weight loss programs focus on behavior change (diet and exercise) with some success, although lost weight is often regained. Interventions that boost the long-term effects of weight loss achievements are greatly needed. Marriage provides an ideal context for the lifestyle changes required for effective weight maintenance. Although well-intentioned, spouses may not know how to support their partner's weight loss efforts. Because women are more likely than men to attend to their spouses' health needs and women struggle more than …

Risk Assessment And Prevention Of Pressure Ulcers, Registered Nurses' Association Of Ontario

General Submissions: Community and Population-based Materials

This best practice guideline assists nurses who work in diverse practice settings to identify adults who are at risk of pressure ulcers. This guideline further provides direction to nurses in defining early interventions for pressure ulcer prevention, and to manage Stage I pressure ulcers.

The Application Of Two-Photon Absorbing Probes In Lysosomal, Zinc Ion Sensing And Folate Receptor-Targeted Bioimaging, Xuhua Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) has become a powerful technique for bioimaging in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and also investigating the mechanization and original of a variety of diseases by tracking various biological processes. Because the fluorescence emission by two photon absorbing (2PA) is directly proportional to the square of the intensity of excitation light, this intrinsic property of 2PA provides 2PFM great advantages over traditional one-photon fluorescence microscopy (1PFM), including high 3D spatial localization, less photodamage and interference from biological tissue because of using longer wavelength excitation (700-1300 nm). However, most 2PA probes are hydrophobic and their photostabilities are questionable, severely …

A Qualitative Case Study Of Novice Kenyan Primary School Teachers What Messages Transmitted By The Teacher Training Colleges Are Internalized And Applied?, Carol A. Kranz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The method of instruction and the formal curriculum within two Kenyan teacher training colleges were studied in order to discover which messages regarding pedagogical practice are internalized within novice Kenyan primary school teachers and then actualized within their classrooms. An educational connoisseurship approach was utilized to give descriptive, interpretive, evaluative, and thematic insight. Three data streams were collected through interview, observation, and design evaluation in order to establish structural corroboration and internal validity. The study found that the method of instruction by the teacher training college faculty was teacher-centered and utilized lower order cognitive methodology. Though the formal curriculum design …

Dead, Imprisoned, Relapsed The Fate Of Homeless Substance Abusers Two Decades Later, Rachel L. Rayburn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Guided and influenced by a famous follow-up study in criminology focused on desistance from crime, this dissertation studies desistance from crime, homelessness, and substance abuse. In the early 1990s, The New Orleans Homeless Substance Abusers Project (NOHSAP) was founded as an experiment funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) to uncover optimal treatment strategies for homeless alcoholics and drug addicts. The program ran for three years (1991-1993) and in those years, 670 homeless New Orleans men and women were admitted into treatment. Some of the original clients were followed for as long as 18 months, but …

Understanding The Subjectivities Of Pastors And Beliefs About The Current American Church Culture, Michael Ellis Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the spiritual subjectivities of pastors in the Mainstream White Middle Class Evangelical Church in the context of American capitalism. The Evangelical church carries extreme amounts of power and influence in shaping the beliefs of individuals in American society. However, very little pointed research of pastors' spiritual subjectivities that guide their teachings and views in this sub-sect of church culture is present in academia. Anthropology, along with other disciplines, often focuses on dominant churches from an etic perspective of politics and power relations without fully considering the spiritual beliefs of pastors. This etic perspective can miss the deeply …

Glial Differentiation Of Human Umbilical Stem Cells In 2d And 3d Environments, Hedvika Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

During differentiation stem cells are exposed to a range of microenvironmental chemical and physical cues. In this study, human multipotent progenitor cells (hMLPCs) were differentiated from umbilical cord into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Chemical cues were represented by a novel defined differentiation medium containing the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE). In traditional 2 dimensional (2D) conditions, the hMLPCs differentiated into oligodendrocyte precursors, but did not progress further. However, in a constructed 3 dimensional (3D) environment, the hMLPCs differentiated into committed oligodendrocytes that expressed MBP. When co-cultured with rat embryonic hippocampal neurons (EHNs), hMLPCs developed in astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, based on presence of growth …

Does Foreign Aid Promote Development? A Study Of The Effects Of Foreign Aid On Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, Rachael J. Gray

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Foreign aid aims to improve economic conditions and quality of life in developing countries. The literature on the efficacy of foreign aid to date has been inconclusive; yet there is some evidence that institutional factors may condition the relationship between aid and development. This research focuses on the effects of foreign aid on development, taking into consideration the effects of political institutional factors as intervening in the connection between aid and development. Specifically, this study considers the effects of democracy (political rights and civil liberties) and level of corruption on the relationship between aid and development in sub-Saharan Africa. Development …

The Origins Of Lactase Persistence And Ongoing Convergent Evolution, Beth A. Keller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a primary factor in human evolution, natural selection is an important component of genetic research. Studies of lactase persistence suggest that positive selection has played a powerful role in the adaptation to a lifelong consumption of fresh milk. Using multiple research studies of lactase persistence and suspected corresponding single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms, this study combines data sources to determine whether evidence exists for natural selection of a specific cytosine-to-thymine genetic mutation located 13,910 base pairs (T-13910) upstream from the lactase gene. This polymorphism has potential to be a causal element for lactase persistence, and data suggest that natural selection …

A National Study Of Parental Involvement: Its Trends, Status And Effects On School Success, Alandra Washington

Dissertations

Parental involvement has been emphasized as a mechanism for improving our public schools. In this study the author inquired into (a) the trend and status of parental involvement and (b) whether parental involvement is associated with schools meeting accountability measures. Secondary analyses were conducted on multiple waves of nationally representative data collected by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) School and Staffing Surveys (SASS). Descriptive statistics, discriminant function analysis, logistic regression, among others, were used for the study.

The analyses on the trend and status of parental involvement indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in parental involvement …

Physiology And Biochemistry Of The Tropical Seagrass Thalassia Testudinum In Response To Hypersalinity Stress And Labyrinthula Sp. Infection, Stacey Marie Trevathan-Tackett

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Seagrass meadows are essential to coastal ecosystems and have experienced declines in abundance due to a series of environmental stressors including elevated salinity and incidence of disease caused by the pathogen Labyrinthula sp. This thesis evaluated the dynamics between T. testudinum and Labyrinthula concerning the impacts of short term elevated salinity stress on the early stages of infection in Thalassia testudinum (Chapter 2) as well as the presence of anti-labyrinthulid secondary metabolites produced by the tropical seagrass (Chapter 3). The results showed that short term exposure to hypersalinity alters some cellular processes but does not necessarily lead to an immediate …

"The Need Obliged Us" : Culture As Capacity During The Hurricane Stan Emergency Response. A Case Study From Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala , Jesse Silverman

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

A major deficiency in disaster management plans is the assumption that pre-disaster civil-society does not have the capacity to respond effectively during crises. Following from this assumption a dominant emergency management strategy is to replace weak civil-society organizations with specialized disaster organizations that are often either military or Para-military and seek to centralize decision-making. Many criticisms have been made of this approach, but few specifically addresses disasters in the developing world. Disasters in the developing world present unique problems not seen in the developed world because they often occur in the context of compromised governments, and marginalized populations. In this …

Calcitonin-Induced Alterations To The Ultimobranchial And Parathyroid Glands In The Garden Lizard Calotes Versicolor, Ajai K. Srivastav, Bhawna Srivastava, Diwakar Mishra, Sunil K. Srivastav, Nobuo Suzuki

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Calotes versicolor specimens were divided into 2 groups of equal quantity (groups A and B). Group A was injected daily with 0.1 mL/50 g bw of vehicle. Group B was injected daily with 0.5 \mug/50 g bw of salmon calcitonin. Lizards in each group were sacrificed 2 h after the last injection on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, and 15th day of treatment. After collection of blood samples, ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands were fixed. The plasma calcium level in the lizards treated with calcitonin decreased on day 1. This response progressed up to day 5; thereafter the level was elevated, …

Gender-Based Differences In Stride And Limb Dimensions Between Healthy Red-Wing Tinamou (Rhynchotus Rufescens) Temminck, 1815, Sandra Aidar De Queiroz, Ross Gordon Cooper

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The red-wing tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) is economically important as food. The current study investigated the limb and trunk characteristics in age-matched [year-of-hatch (yoh) 2004 and 2005], gender segregated birds, and determined differences in stride between cocks and hens. The locomotion trial was completed in a corridor of 0.6 × 2.36 m dimension. The girth was significantly higher in cocks than in hens, while body weight was slightly higher in hens. Cocks had a greater height than hens. The time to walk 2.36 m was longer for cocks than for hens. This was related to an attenuated speed and stride length …

Investigation Of The Influence Of The Juvenile Hormone Analogue Fenoxycarb On Major Hemolymph Proteins Of The Silkworm Bombyx Mori During The Last Larval Instar, Ramazan Uranli, Ebru Göncü, Osman Parlak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Fenoxycarb 0-ethyl N-(2-(4-pheoxyphenoxy)-ethyl) carbamate is the most potent juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) against a variety of insect species including the silkworm Bombyx mori. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of this juvenile hormone on major hemolymph proteins of Bombyx mori during the fifth larval instar, by using fenoxycarb and clarifying the interactions between these proteins and the juvenile hormone. Topical applications of fenoxycarb to the fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori were performed immediately after the fourth ecdysis (on day 0) and at the beginning of the prepupal period (on day 6). Fenoxycarb application on day 0 …

Fitness And Adiposity As Predictors Of Functional Limitation In Adults, Andréa L. Maslow, Anna E. Price, Xuemei Sui, Duck-Chul Lee, Ikka Vuori, Steven N. Blair

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

This study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with incident functional limitation (IFL) in adults. Patients (n = 2400), 30+ years [mean age, 45.2 (SD, 8.3); 12% women], completed a baseline health examination during 1979 to 1995. CRF was quantified by age-and sex-specific thirds for maximal treadmill exercise test duration. Adiposity was assessed by BMI and WC (grouped for analysis according to clinical guidelines). Incident IFL was identified from mail-back surveys during 1995, 1999, and 2004. After adjusting for potential confounders and either BMI or WC, CRF was inversely related to …

Symposium On Commercial Speech And Public Health, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

Does the constitutional protection of commercial speech impair the government's ability to protect and promote public health? Or does the commercial speech doctrine itself enhance consumer education and harness market competition to advance public health? Do First Amendment limitations on regulation of commercial messages unduly retard governmental efforts to safeguard consumers? Or do they properly constrain illiberal paternalism? If the Court has been over-protective of health-related commercial speech, is there a principled place to redraw the line? And how should those governmental agencies entrusted with the power to protect public health and welfare respond to these constitutional constraints?

The editors …

Addressing Food Insecurity And Developing Social Resources Through Community Garden Projects In Low-Income Areas: Qualitative Interviews With Outreach Coordinators From Three Urban Agriculture Organizations, Elizabeth R. Chalgian

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

As urban agriculture organizations become increasingly popular, it is important to understand the impact they have on low-income urban communities. Food security and political power are greatly lacking in these areas. Agriculture endeavors, such as community gardens and urban farms, have a significant potential to decrease these deficits. First, this thesis will address how social inequalities, which are products of structural power, prevent the poor from being properly fed and discuss how urban agriculture programs, specifically community gardens, can reduce food insecurity and build a community’s social resources. Later, the discussion will focus on how low-income populations become involved in …

Debt Structure In The West: Money And Gift, And The Influence On Community, James A. Becker

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Debt structures all relationships in America as well as all of our economic material exchanges. Historically debt has always been seen thus with our religious texts being written both in the terminology of the metaphysical and the economical combining them together in an attempt to understand the social and economic systems that individuals live in. At the core of the social and economic systems is community. In America the myth of the gift is a dominant catalyst that uses debt to make community through time. In order to study the structure of debt within America I will be using an …

Feasting On Fido: Cultural Implications Of Eating Dogs At Bridge River, Hannah Schremser Cail

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Dogs represent a unique facet of the faunal assemblage at the Bridge River site (EeRl4), a prehistoric aggregated winter housepit village in southern British Columbia’s Middle Fraser Canyon. As part of the Bridge River site investigation of emergent material wealth based status inequality of the hunter-gatherer-fisher economy, the 2008 and 2009 excavation of the village recovered the skeletal remains of domestic dogs within two distinct cache pit features in Housepit 24’s Activity Area 3. The two dogs unearthed from these separate cache pits features show dichotomous roles for man’s best friend; one, possibly as a prized companion, and the other …

Growth Of Lactobacillus Paracasei Atcc 334 In A Cheese Model System: A Biochemical Approach, M. Budinich, I. Diaz-Muniz, H. Cai, S. A. Rankin, Jeff Broadbent, J. L. Steele

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Growth of Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 334, in a cheese-ripening model system based upon a medium prepared from ripening Cheddar cheese extract (CCE) was evaluated. Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 334 grows in CCE made from cheese ripened for 2 (2mCCE), 6 (6mCCE), and 8 (8mCCE) mo, to final cell densities of 5.9 × 108, 1.2 × 108, and 2.1 × 107 cfu/mL, respectively. Biochemical analysis and mass balance equations were used to determine substrate consumption patterns and products formed in 2mCCE. The products formed included formate, acetate, and d-lactate. These data allowed us to identify the pathways likely used and to initiate …

Genetic Diversity In Proteolytic Enzymes And Amino Acid Metabolism Among Lactobacillushelveticus Strains, Jeff Broadbent, H. Cai, R. L. Larsen, J. E. Hughes, D. L. Welker, V. G. De Carvalho, T. A. Tompkins, Y. Ardo, F. Vogensen, A. Delorentiis, M. Gatti, E. Neviani, J. L. Steele

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 32 is recognized for its ability to decrease bitterness and accelerate flavor development in cheese, and has also been shown to release bioactive peptides in milk. Similar capabilities have been documented in other strains of Lb. helveticus, but the ability of different strains to affect these characteristics can vary widely. Because these attributes are associated with enzymes involved in proteolysis or AA catabolism, we performed comparative genome hybridizations to a CNRZ 32 microarray to explore the distribution of genes encoding such enzymes across a bank of 38 Lb. helveticus strains, including 2 archival samples of CNRZ 32. …

Stability Of Affinity Based Layer-By-Layer Polymeric Self-Assemblies For Oral Wound Applications, Sundar Prasanth Authimoolam

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Oral mucositis is a painful and debilitating chronic inflammatory condition that can result from chemo and/or radiotherapy. While current treatment strategies which provide temporary relief exist, there is still an unmet clinical need for a robust long active barrier strategy which can simultaneously provide protection and release drug to enhance the wound healing response. It is proposed that an affinity based layer-by-layer self-assembled barrier administered as a series of mouth rinses can allow for wound specific drug delivery, providing an effective regenerative therapy.

In this work, biotinylated poly(acrylic acid) is used to develop LBL assemblies based upon biotin-streptavidin affinity interactions. …

Implications Of Bias In Conservation Research And Investment For Freshwater Species , William Darwall, R Holland, K Smith, D Allen, E Brooks, V Katarya, C Pollock, Y Shi, Viola Clausnitzer, Neil Cumberlidge, A Cuttelod, K D. Dijkstra, M Diop, N Garcia, M Seddon, P Skelton, J Snoeks, D Tweddle, Jc Vie

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Analyses Of Fruit Flies That Do Not Express Selenoproteins Or Express The Mouse Selenoprotein, Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B1, Reveal A Role Of Selenoproteins In Stress Resistance, Valentina A. Shchedrina, Hadise Kabil, Gerd Vorbruggen, Byung Cheon Lee, Anton A. Turanov, Mitsuko Hirosawa- Takamori, Hwa- Young Kim, Lawrence G. Harshman, Dolph L. Hatfield, Vadim N. Gladyshev

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Selenoproteins are essential in vertebrates because of their crucial role in cellular redox homeostasis, but some invertebrates that lack selenoproteins have recently been identified. Genetic disruption of selenoprotein biosynthesis had no effect on lifespan and oxidative stress resistance of Drosophila melanogaster. In the current study, fruit flies with knock-out of the selenocysteine-specific elongation factor were metabolically labeled with ⁷⁵Se; they did not incorporate selenium into proteins and had the same lifespan on a chemically defined diet with or without selenium supplementation. These flies were, however, more susceptible to starvation than controls, and this effect could be ascribed to the …