Digital Commons Network^™

Using Gender Equality Analysis To Improve The Wellbeing Of Prostitutes, Barbara Havelkova

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article presents a framework for analyzing prostitution through the lens of gender equality, aiming to improve the wellbeing of prostitutes by offering regulators and judges a tool for evaluation. It challenges the asymmetric legal treatment of prostitutes and clients, arguing that such treatment violates gender equality principles. The framework proposes symmetric treatment or measures benefiting prostitutes to address structural inequalities rooted in gender, class, race, and socioeconomic status. The analysis draws on European and common law jurisdictions, emphasizing the need for gender-conscious policies to ensure fairness and proportionality.

Sending The Principal To The Warden's Office: Holding School Officials Criminally Liable For Failing To Report Cyberbullying, Scott Farbish

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that current state anti-cyberbullying statutes are insufficient to protect students and that holding school officials criminally liable for failing to address cyberbullying incidents would be a more effective deterrent. It contends that while legislatures have made progress in addressing cyberbullying, the lack of clear definitions and comprehensive measures leaves victims without adequate remedies. The note proposes that criminal liability for school officials would incentivize proactive measures to prevent cyberbullying, particularly in cases where off-campus incidents disrupt the school environment.

Gender-Classified Imports: Equal Protection Violations In The Harmonized Tariff Schedule Of The United States, Jason Lewis

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that gender-based classifications in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) likely violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It critiques the Federal Circuit's application of a lower level of scrutiny in Totes-Isotoner Corp. v. United States and advocates for courts to apply intermediate scrutiny, as established by Craig v. Boren, to such classifications. The analysis also examines the role of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) in trade negotiations and asserts that international agreements cannot override constitutional protections.

The Use Of The Intent Doctrine To Expand The Rights Of Intended Homosexual Male Parents In Surrogacy Custody Disputes, Perri Koll

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note advocates for the expansion of parental rights for homosexual male couples through surrogacy by promoting the intent doctrine and amending existing laws. It highlights the inconsistency in legal approaches across states and suggests that recognizing intended parenthood, regardless of sexual orientation, is essential for equality. The proposed solutions include adopting the intent doctrine nationwide and revising the Uniform Parentage Act to include same-sex couples.

Ritual Effigies And Corporeality In Kaqchikel Maya Soul Healing, Servando Z. Hinojosa

Anthropology Faculty Publications

To treat some cases of soul-loss, Kaqchikel Mayas use ritual effigies of the sufferer. These effigies, called k’al k’u’x, are made by wrapping the sufferer’s clothing around a wooden armature. For the effigy to be a viable ritual surrogate, the ritualist must douse it with water, heat it, and strike it during a soul-calling ceremony. This handling instantiates corporeality in the effigy by kindling normative body states in it, states that must be stimulated in the sufferer’s own body for it to spiritually reintegrate. Such Maya ritual substitution practices are how Kaqchikels deploy ritual surrogation processes that hinge on …

Filling The Fourth Circuit Vacancies, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Federal judicial selection has become increasingly controversial. Allegations and recriminations, partisan division, and incessant paybacks have accompanied the appeals court appointments process for decades. These phenomena were pervasive in the administration of President George W. Bush as well as in nominations and confirmations to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, particularly with respect to judgeships assigned to North Carolina.

The protracted vacancies have eroded the Fourth Circuit's delivery of justice, as operating without the fifteen circuit judges whom Congress authorized has exacted a toll. Across two and a half recent years, the court functioned absent a …

The Surprising Lessons From Plea Bargaining In The Shadow Of Terror, Lucian E. Dervan

Law Faculty Scholarship

Since September 11, 2001, several hundred individuals have been convicted of terrorism related charges. Of these convictions, over 80% resulted from a plea of guilty. It is surprising and counterintuitive that such a large percentage of these cases are resolved in this manner, yet, even when prosecuting suspected terrorists caught attempting suicide attacks, the power of the plea bargaining machine exerts a striking influence. As a result, a close examination of these extraordinary cases offers important insights into the forces that drive the plea bargaining system. Utilizing these insights, this article critiques two divergent and dominant theories of plea bargaining …

American Prison Culture In An International Context: An Examination Of Prisons In America, The Netherlands, And Israel, Lucian E. Dervan

Law Faculty Scholarship

In 2004, British authorities arrested Abu Hamza al-Masri, an Egyptian born cleric sought by the United States for his involvement in instigating terrorist attacks. As authorities prepared to extradite him in July 2010, the European Court of Human Rights issued a stay. According to the court, al-Masri’s claims that maximum-security prisons in the United States violate European human rights laws prohibiting torture and degrading treatment warranted further examination. Regardless of the eventual resolution of the al-Masri case, the European Court of Human Rights’ inability to summarily dismiss these assertions demonstrates something quite troubling. At a minimum, the court’s actions indicate …

Information Warfare And Civilian Populations: How The Law Of War Addresses A Fear Of The Unknown, Lucian E. Dervan

Law Faculty Scholarship

Imagine a civilian communications system is being temporarily relied upon by an opposing military force for vital operations. If one launches a computer network attack against the communications system, the operation may disable the opposing force’s ability to function adequately and, as a result, prompt their surrender. The alternative course of action is to launch a traditional kinetic weapons attack in the hopes of inflicting enough casualties on the troops to induce surrender. Given these options, the law of war would encourage the utilization of the computer network attack because it would result in less unnecessary suffering. But is the …

From Coverture To Contract: Engendering Insurance On Lives, Mary L. Heen

Law Faculty Publications

In the 1840s, state legislatures began modifying the law of marital status to ease the economic distress of widows and children at the family breadwinner's death. Insurance-related exceptions to the common law doctrine of "marital unity" under coverture permitted married women to enter into insurance contracts and protected life insurance proceeds from their husbands' creditors. These early insurance-related statutory exceptions to coverture introduced an important theoretical question that persisted for the rest of the nineteenth century-and into the next-as broader legal and social reforms took hold. How could equality of contract for married women be reconciled with the traditional dependencies …

Avoiding Legal Seduction: Reinvigorating The Labor Movement To Balance Corporate Power, Ann C. Hodges

Law Faculty Publications

This Article begins by briefly describing how legal and political action has come to be a central strategy for labor unions. Next, it analyzes the ways in which the law has failed the labor movement, reviewing various laws that have been enacted to protect employees, often at the behest of unions, and how those laws have been perversely twisted to the detriment of workers. The Article, then, looks at unions and employee movements that have succeeded in the face of unfavorable laws and analyzes the determinants of those union successes. Finally, based on these strategies, the Article provides suggestions about …

University Initiation Of Patent Infringement Litigation, Jacob H. Rooksby

Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Alternatives To Illinois’ Budget Deficit: An Analysis Of Proposed Solutions By Gubernatorial Candidates, Elected Officials, And Public Policy Organizations, Christopher Baughman, Adrian M. Velazquez

The Simon Review (Occasional Papers of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute)

No abstract provided.

Catalog 2011-2012, University Of North Florida

UNF Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Evolution Of Physical Therapy At The Medical College Of Virginia And Virginia Commonwealth University, Mary Snyder Shall

VCU University History Books

The Physical Therapy Department at Virginia Commonwealth University was founded in 1931 as part of the College of William and Mary’s Richmond division, becoming Virginia’s first program in the field of physical therapy. Through archived files, yearbooks and interviews with faculty and alumni, this book describes important events of the department’s first 80 years and highlights the faculty members and alumni who influenced the local and national development of the profession.

Women In Positions Of Influence: Exploring The Journeys Of Female Community Leaders, Mary Pflanz

Department of Educational Administration: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Although the leadership norm continues to be male-oriented, more women are occupying positions of leadership in our society. The prevalent question has shifted from whether or not women can lead to how effectively they lead. To better understand the effectiveness of female community leaders, this qualitative research study explores the common features in the paths of women who have attained leadership positions. The stories of these women were derived by conducting ten interviews with women who are in positions of leadership within their communities. The interviews used open-ended questions to elicit personal responses from the interviewees, and phenomenological methods were …

P16 Ink4a Immunocytochemistry On Cell Blocks As An Adjunct To Cervical Cytology: Potential Reflex Testing On Specially Prepared Cell Blocks From Residual Liquid-Based Cytology Specimens, Vinod B. Shidham, Ravi Mehrotra, George Varsegi, Krista L. D'Amore, Bryan Hunt, Raj Narayan

Department of Pathology

Background: p16 INK4a (p16) is a well-recognized surrogate molecular marker for human papilloma virus (HPV) related squamous dysplasia. Our hypothesis is that the invasive interventions and related morbidities could be avoided by objective stratification of positive cytologic interpretations by p16 immunostaining of cell block sections of cytology specimens.

Materials and Methods: Nuclear immunoreactivity for p16 was evaluated in cell block sections in 133 adequate cases [20 negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 28 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 50 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 21 atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), and 14 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance …

Cathepsin B: A Potential Prognostic Marker For Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Mohamed A. Nouh, Mona M. Mohamed, Mohamed El-Shinawi, Mohamed A. Shaalan, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Hussein M. Khaled, Bonnie F. Sloane

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. In non-IBC, the cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB) is known to be involved in cancer progression and invasion; however, very little is known about its role in IBC.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 23 IBC and 27 non-IBC patients. All patient tissues used for analysis were from untreated patients. Using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we assessed the levels of expression of CTSB in IBC versus non-IBC patient tissues. Previously, we found that CTSB is localized to caveolar membrane microdomains in cancer cell lines including IBC, and …

Regional Expression Of Hoxa4 Along The Aorta And Its Potential Role In Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, John H. Lillvis, Robert Erdman, Charles M. Schworer, Alicia Golden, Kimberly Derr, Zoran Gatalica, Laura A. Cox, Jianbin Shen, Richard S. Vander Heide, Guy M. Lenk, Leigh Hlavaty, Li Li, James R. Elmore, David P. Franklin, John L. Gray, Robert P. Garvin, David J. Carey, Wayne D. Lancaster, Gerard Tromp, Helena Kuivaniemi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The infrarenal abdominal aorta exhibits increased disease susceptibility relative to other aortic regions. Allograft studies exchanging thoracic and abdominal segments showed that regional susceptibility is maintained regardless of location, suggesting substantial roles for embryological origin, tissue composition and site-specific gene expression.

Results

We analyzed gene expression with microarrays in baboon aortas, and found that members of the HOX gene family exhibited spatial expression differences. HOXA4 was chosen for further study, since it had decreased expression in the abdominal compared to the thoracic aorta. Western blot analysis from 24 human aortas demonstrated significantly higher HOXA4 protein levels in thoracic …

Unilateral Thalamic Infarction Presenting As Vertical Gaze Palsy: A Case Report, Muhib Khan, Christos Sidiropoulos, Panayiotis Mitsias

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

Vertical gaze palsy is a recognized manifestation of midbrain lesions. It rarely is a consequence of unilateral thalamic infarction.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 48-year-old African-American woman who presented to our facility with vertical gaze palsy and evidence of left medial thalamic infarct on diffusion-weighted imaging without coexisting midbrain ischemia. The etiology of infarct was determined to be small vessel disease after extensive investigation.

Conclusions

This report suggests a possible role of the thalamus as a vertical gaze control center. Clinicoradiological studies are needed to further define the role of the thalamus in vertical gaze …

Lack Of An Association Of Mir-938 Snp In Iddm10 With Human Type 1 Diabetes, Xiaofan Mi, Hongzhi He, Yangxin Deng, Abert M. Levin, Jin-Xiong She, Qing-Sheng Mi, Li Zhou

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly discovered type of small non-protein coding RNA that function in the inhibition of effective mRNA translation, and may serve as susceptibility genes for various disease developments. The SNP rs12416605, located in human type 1 diabetes IDDM10 locus, changes the seeding sequence (UGU[G/A]CCC) of miRNA miR-938 and potentially alters miR-938 targets, including IL-16 and IL-17A. In an attempt to test whether miR-938 may be a susceptibility gene for IDDM10, we assessed the possible association of the miR-938 SNP with T1D in an American Caucasian cohort of 622 patients and 723 healthy controls by TaqMan assay. …

Inhibition Of Cathepsin B Activity Attenuates Extracellular Matrix Degradation And Inflammatory Breast Cancer Invasion, Bernadette C. Victor, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Mona M. Mohamed, Bonnie F. Sloane, Dora Cavallo-Medved

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive, metastatic and highly angiogenic form of locally advanced breast cancer with a relatively poor three-year survival rate. Breast cancer invasion has been linked to proteolytic activity at the tumor cell surface. Here we explored a role for active cathepsin B on the cell surface in the invasiveness of IBC.

Methods

We examined expression of the cysteine protease cathepsin B and the serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor uPAR and caveolin-1 in two IBC cell lines: SUM149 and SUM190. We utilized a live cell proteolysis assay to localize in real …

Brain Candy: Wayne State University School Of Medicine Journal Of Art And Literature, 3rd Edition, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Writing Workshop, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Gold Humanism Honor Society

Gold Humanism Honor Society

Brain Candy collects poetry, nonfiction essays, short fiction, photographs, and drawings to shed light on the creative process in medicine, the city of Detroit, and the experiences of health care providers. Features submissions from the School of Medicine (including the Writing Workshop), the WSU Department of English, and the WSU Department of Fine Arts. It also reintroduces the creative efforts of Detroit’s "Future Docs," children ages 6 through 12 with a curiosity for the field of medicine.

The Potential Role Of Innate Immunity In The Pathogenesis Of Post-Operative Adhesions, Jennell White

Wayne State University Dissertations

Post-operative adhesion development occurs in the vast majority of patients following abdominal surgery and is a natural occurrence of peritoneal-wound healing. These fibrous bands may form within the first 5-7 days post-surgery and have the ability to cause a distortion in the normal anatomical positioning of abdominal organs. Consequently, adhesions are major contributors to small bowel obstruction, infertility, and severe pelvic and abdominal pain. Physiological processes responsible for adhesion formation remain obscure though it is believed to involve cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of several cell types including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory and immune cells. Substances released from these …

Intellectual Property, Innovation, And The Future: Toward A Better Model For Educating Leaders In Intellectual Property Law, Robert W. Gomulkiewicz

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Achieving Real Development Impact Among Pastoralists: Lessons From Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Linkages To Public Land Framework: Toward Embedding Humans In Ecosystem Analyses By Using “Inside-Out Social Assessment", Joanna Endter-Wada, D. J. Blahna

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

This article presents the ‘‘Linkages to Public Land’’ (LPL) Framework, a general but comprehensive data-gathering and analysis approach aimed at informing citizen and agency decision making about the social environment of public land. This social assessment and planning approach identifies and categorizes various types of linkages that people have to public land and guides the tasks of finding and using information on people in those linkages. Linkages are defined as the ‘‘coupling mechanisms’’ that explain how and why humans interact with ecosystems, while linkage analyses are empirical investigations contextualized both temporally and geographically. The conceptual, legal, and theoretical underpinnings of …

Defining International Law Librarianship In An Age Of Multiplicity, Knowledge, And Open Access To Law, Richard A. Danner

Faculty Scholarship

Many law librarians are experts in international law and legal research. The concept of ‘international law librarianship’, however, encompasses something more than a field of study in which a group of experts practise their profession. In the broader sense, the idea suggests a common calling, similar interests, and goals shared by librarians with a range of specialties beyond international law, working in all types of law libraries. What commonalities create and sustain the concept of international law librarianship? This paper suggests that they can be found in: law librarians’ common need to respond to the ‘multiplicity’ of information sources facing …

Lessons From The Financial Crisis: Report Of The Asian Financial Regulatory Committee, Jeremy Choo Yong Goh, Sri Adiningsih, Maria S. Gochoco-Bautista

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

No abstract provided.

Autonomy In The Workplace: An Essential Ingredient To Employee Engagement And Well-Being In Every Culture, Marylène Gagne, Devasheesh P. Bhave

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The nature of organizational life requires questioning the role of worker autonomy. An impressive amount of management research has been devoted to autonomy issues in organizations. Autonomy is at the forefront of research on job design and the management of employees. Therefore, we review evidence in the area of job design and management practices that deeply affect worker autonomy. Throughout this discussion, we evaluate the cross-cultural applicability of research and practice and offer future directions based on self-determination theory.