Digital Commons Network^™

The Latin American Tradition Of Legal Failure, Jorge L. Esquirol

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ultra-Sensitive High-Precision Spectroscopy Of A Fast Molecular Ion Beam, A. Mills, B. Stiller, M. Porambo, Manori Perera, H. Kreckel, B. Mccall

Scholarship

Direct spectroscopy of a fast molecular ion beam offers many advantages over competing techniques, including the generality of the approach to any molecular ion, the complete elimination of spectral confusion due to neutral molecules, and the mass identification of individual spectral lines. The major challenge is the intrinsic weakness of absorption or dispersion signals resulting from the relatively low number density of ions in the beam. Direct spectroscopy of an ion beam was pioneered by Saykally and co-workers in the late 1980s, but has not been attempted since that time. Here, we present the design and construction of an ion …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 2011-2012, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 107, Number 15

September 5, 2011

Why Misdemeanors Matter: Defining Effective Advocacy In The Lower Criminal Courts, Jenny Roberts

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Most individuals accused in our nation’s criminal courts are not charged with murder, rape, drug sales, or even less serious felonies. The vast majority of charges are in the lower courts, for misdemeanors such as marijuana possession, driving with a license suspension for failure to pay tickets, assault, disorderly conduct, or public intoxication. Misdemeanor adjudications have exploded in recent years, with one recent study estimating that the volume of misdemeanor cases nationwide has risen from five to more than ten million between 1972 and 2006. At the same time, violent crime and the number of felony cases across the country …

Integration Of Biotic And Abiotic Data To Map Benthic Habitats Within Block Island And Rhode Island Sounds, Monique Lafrance

Open Access Master's Theses

The mapping of benthic habitats presents the distribution and extent of seafloor environments, including biotic and abiotic characteristics, in a geo-spatial context. This thesis aims to improve methodologies used in the field of benthic habitat mapping and works towards establishing a standard mapping protocol to facilitate more effective communication both among scientists and resource managers in effort to further the goal of science-based decision making. This study is in response to interest in wind turbine construction within Rhode Island waters. A thorough understanding of benthic habitats is essential for making scientifically valid management decisions to minimize ecological and economical development …

Retention Elections 2.010, James Sample

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Counter-historically, the highest profile judicial election campaigns of the first judicial elections cycle following the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission were retention and ballot measure, rather than contested elections. Retention elections, in which voters cast their ballots either in favor of returning the incumbent judge to office for another term or for her removal, were intended to balance the values of judicial impartiality and accountability to the public.

In Iowa, judicial retention elections-contests normally well beneath the radar even in Des Moines-became a national flashpoint for same sex marriage debates and, more to the point, …

Participation In The Transition Assistance Program And Job Placement Outcomes Of U.S. Veterans, Erin Silva

Open Access Master's Theses

Studies have found that veterans have higher levels of unemployment than civilians. In an effort to counter this, the Department of Defense, Department of Labor and Department of Veterans Affairs created the Transition Assistance Program (TAP). This study analyzed 1,477 individuals from the Current Population Survey who identified themselves as veterans who either attended or did not attend a Transition Assistance Program workshop. The study intended to determine if there was a difference between the employment outcome of veterans who attended the workshops and those who did not. Chi-Square was utilized in order to determine if there was a relationship …

Effects Of Su-8 Cross-Linking On Flip-Chip Bond Strength When Assembling And Packaging Mems, Nathan E. Glavitz, Lavern A. Starman, Ronald A. Coutu Jr., Richard L. Johnson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

New methods to assemble, integrate, and package micro devices are always needed in attempts to simplify and expedite fabrication methods to maximize throughput. Our paper focuses on assessing SU-8 as a viable material for packaging and flip chip bonding processes for MEMS and micro devices. In this paper, we vary the level of cross- linking through post exposure bake (PEB) times and assess rectangular ring test structures bonding strength following flip chip bonding through applied tensile loads. In addition, we performed initial assessments on the etching resiliency of varied cross-linking of SU-8. From initial results, the bonding strength is maximized …

Data Compressive Paradigm For Multispectral Sensing Using Tunable Dwell Mid-Infrared Detectors, Woo-Yong Jang, Majeed M. Hayat, Sebastian E. Godoy, Steven C. Bender, Payman Zarkesh-Ha, Sanjay Krishna

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

While quantum dots-in-a-well (DWELL) infrared photodetectors have the feature that their spectral responses can be shifted continuously by varying the applied bias, the width of the spectral response at any applied bias is not sufficiently narrow for use in multispectral sensing without the aid of spectral filters. To achieve higher spectral resolutions without using physical spectral filters, algorithms have been developed for post-processing the DWELL’s bias-dependent photocurrents resulting from probing an object of interest repeatedly over a wide range of applied biases. At the heart of these algorithms is the ability to approximate an arbitrary spectral filter, which we desire …

Pulmonary Particle Deposition In Relation To Age, Body Weight, And Species, Lisa M. Weber

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a result of dissimilarity in lung morphometry and physiological conditions, therapeutic aerosol particles deposit differently in humans of various ages and body weights. These particles also deposit differently in non-human species that are often utilized in inhalation and dosing studies. The focus of this work is to determine the optimal particle size and deposition (traditional efficiency and volume-weighted) of therapeutic particles in humans of both genders ranging in age from 3 months old to 21 years old and three non-human species (B6C3F₁ mouse, Long-Evans hooded rat, and Beagle dog). This study finds that in humans, both optimal …

A Report Card On New York’S Civic Literacy, Eric Lane, Meg Barnette

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

In this year's State of the Union address, President Obama called for "our generation's Sputnik moment." Before 43 million viewers, he rallied Americans to meet the new challenges of the global economy, particularly those posed by China's and India's growing economic power. The productivity of American workers is unmatchable, he argued, bu their deficiency in science and math puts the nation at a severe disadvantage against the global economic competition. To overcome this, the President pledged government resources, including the training of 100,000 new science and math teachers.

Of course all of this is positive. We urgently need a public …

The Puzzle Of Criminal Sanctions For Intellectual Property Infringement, Irina D. Manta

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

The article discusses the criminal sanctions for the infringement of intellectual property while emphasising on the patent infringements. It states that criminal punishments are imposed to the violators of copyright and trademark but not to the violators of patent and also discusses the reason for this disparity. Information on the impact of the international negotiations by the U.S. regarding the intellectual property arena on the criminal sanctions is also presented.

The Uncorporation And The Unraveling Of “Nexus Of Contracts” Theory, Grant M. Hayden, Matthew T. Bodie

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

This is a review of The Rise of the Uncorporation, by Larry E. Ribstein (Oxford University Press 2010). The Rise of the Uncorporation gives a compelling account of the increasing reliance on business forms other than the corporation. These new organizational forms - such as limited liability companies, limited liability partnerships, partnerships, and the like - give businesses greater freedom to structure themselves in ways that best facilitate their particular needs. And this, according to Ribstein, is an unqualified good, for it allows firms to operate more efficiently than if they were forced to assume an intensely regulated form.

Like …

Related Parties And The Need To Bridge The Gap Between Income Tax And Transfer Tax Systems, Jay A. Soled, Mitchell Gans

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Related parties can readily manipulate transactions in ways that unfairly reduce their tax burdens relative to unrelated taxpayers. In the income tax arena, Congress has instituted numerous legislative measures to safeguard the tax base from related-taxpayer manipulations; yet, the same developed system of related-party safeguards does not extend to protect the transfer tax base. This analysis points out that this disparity has had a corrosive effect on the integrity of the transfer tax system. Indeed, insofar as the treatment of related parties is concerned, Congress should employ the same level of scrutiny and circumspection in the realm of transfer taxesas …

Dimension I: Habeas Corpus As A Common Law Writ, Eric M. Freedman

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

This is the first of three planned articles in a project whose overall title is “Habeas Corpus in Three Dimensions.” This piece considers the significance of the fact that, until the first decades of the nineteenth century, American habeas corpus was embedded in a system of common law writs. The second article will discuss habeas corpus as part of the overall structure of constraints on government power being constructed in this country until approximately 1830. The third installment will trace the role of habeas corpus in the system of separation of powers that subsequently developed.

Exercise Showcase: Teaching Doctrine And Skills Simultaneously, Miriam R. Albert, Lenné Espenschied, Grace M. Giesel

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Many of our colleagues believe the law teaching can be divided into pure doctrine and pure skills. However, I think that may be pure fiction. My job as a Professor of Skills, teaching both doctrinal and skills classes, is to bring my skills teaching into my doctrinal teaching, and my doctrinal teaching into my skills teaching. Today's Exercise Showcase, for me, is an opportunity to take a corporate law case that appears in many business organization case books, and show you how to tackle it from a skills perspective, and then also from a doctrinal perspective. So, we are going …

Fatigue Testing And Computational Analysis Of A Spinal Implant, Timothy Helton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The following study investigates the fatigue behavior of a spinal implant developed by Synthes, Inc. to provide stability and off load pressure from the discs in the lumbar region. The installation process for the StenoFix design utilizes plastic deformations to customize the device to each individual patient, but also has potential to degrade fatigue behavior. Physical testing of two titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-15Mo, was conducted on hydraulic test frames and compared to computational simulations which were carried out for the following scenarios: cyclic excitation following plastic deformation; variation of material property definition; variation of loading location; and three modifications …

6.4 Ghz Acoustic Sensor For In-Situ Monitoring Of Afm Tip Wear, T.J. Cheng, Jun Hyun Han, Michael Ziwisky, Chung-Hoon Lee, S.A. Bhave

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper demonstrates an acoustic sensor that can resolve atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip blunting with a frequency sensitivity of 0.007%. The AFM tip is fabricated on a thin film piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) membrane that is excited as a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). We demonstrate that cutting 0.98 μm off of the tip apex results in a resonance frequency change of 0.4MHz at 6.387GHz. This work demonstrates the potential for in-situ monitoring of AFM tip wear.

Personas As A User-Centred Design Tool For The Built Environment., Emma Siddall, Corelia Baibarac, Aimee Byrne, Niall Byrne, Ashling Deasy, Nuala Flood, Camille Goulding, Shane O'Driscoll, Niamh Rabbitt, Angharad Sweeney, Yue Wang, Mark Dyer

Articles

The physical structure of a city frequently defines how people interact with each other and their environment. This paper examines the use of personas as a user-centred design tool for the re-engineering of a city to promote sustainable behaviour and social inclusion of its citizens (the Eight Eyes of Dublin Project). The research was carried out through the adoption of personas and collaboration with design partners to identify barriers to sustainability, and resulted in recommendations for the future development of Dublin city, Ireland. These recommendations are then compared with the draft Dublin development plan 2011–17 to determine the effectiveness of …

Characteristic Vertical Response Of A Footbridge Due To Crowd Loading, Colin C, Caprani, Joe Keogh, Paul Archbold, Paul Fanning

Conference papers

The characteristic vertical vibration of a flexible footbridge subject to crowd loading is examined in this paper. Typically, bridge vibrations produced from a crowd of pedestrians are estimated by using an enhancement factor applied to the effect caused by a single pedestrian. In this paper, a single pedestrian model, represented by a spring mass damper, which incorporates variables such as pedestrian mass and body stiffness, is used to calibrate a computationally efficient moving force model. This calibrated moving force model is further used in Monte Carlo simulations of non-homogenous crowds to estimate characteristic vertical vibration levels. Enhancement factors, which could …

On The Applications Of Deterministic Chaos For Encrypting Data On The Cloud, Jonathan Blackledge, Nikolai Ptitsyn

Conference papers

Cloud computing is expected to grow considerably in the future because it has so many advantages with regard to sale and cost, change management, next generation architectures, choice and agility. However, one of the principal concerns for users of the Cloud is lack of control and above all, data security. This paper considers an approach to encrypting information before it is ‘placed’ on the Cloud where each user has access to their own encryption algorithm, an algorithm that is based on a set of iterated function systems that outputs a chaotic number stream, designed to produce a cryptographically secure cipher. …

Performance Analysis Of Batch Reactor Temperature Control Systems, Michael Healy, John Mcgrory

Dissertations

The aim of this project was to investigate the performance of a number of key control strategies in the temperature control of batch reactors. A bench scale model was built and a batch production system was then implemented on this model. As there was no a priori knowledge of the system a number of common system identification methods were investigated.  The system was controlled using a Mitsubishi FX(2)N Programmable Logic Controller which was interfaced with a PC running ICONICS, a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition software package. The system identification methods produced two different models for the system and …

Simulation Of Reverse Flow Heat Recovery For Pharmaceutical Clean Rooms In Colombia, Sandra Juliana Olaya Pineda, John Mcgrory

Dissertations

This dissertation examines, analyses, implements, and evaluates an innovative software heat transfer model for predicting air-to-air heat (energy) recovered in pharmaceutical drying clean rooms in Colombia. The approach provides a synergy between Reverse Flow Heat Recovery technology and activities for the consumption of this energy, not solely within the process, but throughout the whole pharmaceutical complex (e.g. warehouse, office and alternative processes). This novel integrated modelling tool developed using off the shelf software application such as MS Excel combined with MS Visual programming to calculate psychometric points, mass and enthalpy balances for analysing the operation of heat recovery systems. This …

Lost In Translation: The Effects Of Incentive Compensation On Strategy Surrogation, Jongwoon Choi, Gary Hecht, William B. Tayler

Faculty Publications

To facilitate managers’ decision-making, firms develop strategic performance measurement systems that translate strategy into performance measures. Ideally, managers see measures for what they are: imperfect proxies for intangible strategic constructs. However, managers may fail to fully appreciate the fact that measures are merely representations of the strategic constructs, and act as though the measures were the construct of interest – a phenomenon we label surrogation. In this paper, we investigate whether and how the use of strategically-linked performance measures for compensation purposes affects managers’ propensity to exhibit surrogation. In accordance with the attribute substitution framework (Kahneman and Frederick 2002), we …

Short Interest As A Signal Of Audit Risk, Cory A. Cassell, Michael S. Drake, Stephanie J. Rasmussen

Faculty Publications

Motivated by evidence from the empirical accounting and finance literatures suggesting that short sellers target firms with suspect financial reporting, we investigate whether short interest provides a signal of the degree of audit risk. We find a positive association between audit fees and short interest (total shares sold short scaled by total shares outstanding) after controlling for other determinants of audit fees. This finding suggests that short interest is an indicator of audit risk that reflects information not captured by traditional client risk measures. We also find an increase in the magnitude of the association between audit fees and short …

Should Investors Follow The Prophets Or The Bears? Evidence On The Use Of Public Information By Analysts And Short Sellers, Michael S. Drake, Lynn Rees, Edward P. Swanson

Faculty Publications

We investigate whether short sellers and analysts differ in their use of information that is predictive of future returns. We find that open short interest is significantly associated in the expected direction with all eleven variables examined. In contrast, analysts tend to positively recommend stocks with high growth, high accruals, and low book-to-market ratios, despite these variables having a negative association with future returns. We then investigate the profitability of using short interest in trading. We find abnormal returns (1.11 percent per month) from a zero-investment strategy that (1) shorts firms with highly favorable analyst recommendations (buy signal) but high …

The Flexural Strength Of Earth Block Masonry For Sustainable Walling In The Uk, C Williams, S Goodhew, R Griffiths

School of Art, Design and Architecture

No abstract provided.

Understanding Streaming In Dictyostelium Discoideum: Theory Versus Experiments, J. C. Dallon, Brittany Dalton, Chelsea Malani

Faculty Publications

Recent experimental work involving Dictyostelium discoideum seems to contradict several theoretical models. Experiments suggest that localization of the release of the chemoattractant cyclic adenosine monophosphate to the uropod of the cell is important for stream formation during aggregation. Yet several mathematical models are able to reproduce streaming as the cells aggregate without taking into account localization of the chemoattractant. A careful analysis of the experiments and the theory suggests the two major features of the system which are important to stream formation are random cell motion and chemotaxis to regions of higher cell density. Random cell motion acts to reduce …

Precision Study Of Excited State Effects In Nucleon Matrix Elements, Simon Dinter, Constantia Alexandrou, Martha Constantinou, Vincent Drach, Karl Jansen, Dru B. Renner

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Organizational Centralization As Figurational Dynamics: Movements And Counter-Movements In The Gaelic Athletic Association, John Connolly, Paddy Dolan

Articles

In this paper we develop aspects of Elias’s figurational approach within organisational studies by using some of the core theoretical constructs as a model to explain organi­sational change through an empirical investigation of the dynamics of centralisation–decentralisation processes in an Irish sports organisation. Based on historical analysis, the paper documents the expanding interdependencies, figurational dynamics and shifting power balances which led to a gradual, non-linear movement towards greater integration and centralisation within the organisation.