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2011

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The Rule Of Law Through Its Economies Of Appearances: The Making Of The African Warlord, Kamari Maxine Clarke Jan 2011

The Rule Of Law Through Its Economies Of Appearances: The Making Of The African Warlord, Kamari Maxine Clarke

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The global reach of international law is now becoming relevant to the micromanagement of daily life. In postcolonial African states, everyday actions and their meanings are being opened up by the expansion of national jurisdiction into international jurisdiction. In relation to these changing technologies of managing shifting regimes of power, this article explores the ways that the spectacle of the rule of law is linked to the spectacle of capitalism. By examining the workings of victim and witness testimonies in the Special Court of Sierra Leone, I examine the ways that spectacles of law and articulations of suffering displace the …


Human Rights -- Latin America, Indigenous Peoples -- Latin America, Neoliberalism -- Latin America, Ethnicity.Gov: Global Governance, Indigenous Peoples, And The Right To Prior Consultation In Social Minefields, César Rodríguez-Garavito Jan 2011

Human Rights -- Latin America, Indigenous Peoples -- Latin America, Neoliberalism -- Latin America, Ethnicity.Gov: Global Governance, Indigenous Peoples, And The Right To Prior Consultation In Social Minefields, César Rodríguez-Garavito

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This article explores law's protagonism and effects in contemporary conflicts over development, natural resource extraction, and indigenous peoples' rights. It focuses on the sociolegal site where these conflicts have been most visible and acute: consultations with indigenous peoples prior to the undertaking of economic projects that affect them. I argue that legal disputes over prior consultation are part of a broader process of juridification of ethnic claims, which I call "ethnicity.gov." I examine the plurality of public and private regulations involved in this process and trace their affinity with the procedural logic of neoliberal global governance. I further argue that …


Effective Selectors? Interlibrary Loan Patrons As Monograph Purchasers: A Comparative Examination Of Price And Circulation-Related Performance, David C. Tyler, Joyce C. Melvin, Yang Xu, Marylou Epp, Anita M. Kreps Jan 2011

Effective Selectors? Interlibrary Loan Patrons As Monograph Purchasers: A Comparative Examination Of Price And Circulation-Related Performance, David C. Tyler, Joyce C. Melvin, Yang Xu, Marylou Epp, Anita M. Kreps

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

In the library literature, a great deal of interest in patron-driven collection development has recently been expressed, especially in those programs that link acquisitions with interlibrary loan. However, the implementation of such programs has been limited, at least in part because of concerns over the potential for wasteful spending. The authors will attempt to address this common concern by assessing whether monies spent via a patron-driven acquisitions program were more or less effective than monies spent via traditional modes of acquisition.


Bedside Estimation Of Patient Height For Calculating Ideal Body Weight In The Emergency Department, Christine R. Stehman, Robert G. Buckley, Frank L. Dos Santos, Robert H. Riffenburgh, Aaron Senson, Sheila Mulligan, Nathan Mjos, Matt Brewer Jan 2011

Bedside Estimation Of Patient Height For Calculating Ideal Body Weight In The Emergency Department, Christine R. Stehman, Robert G. Buckley, Frank L. Dos Santos, Robert H. Riffenburgh, Aaron Senson, Sheila Mulligan, Nathan Mjos, Matt Brewer

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Background: Ideal body weight (IBW), which can be calculated using the variables of true height and sex, is important for drug dosing and ventilator settings. True height often cannot be measured in the emergency department (ED).

Objectives: Determine the most accurate method to estimate IBW using true height-based IBW that uses true height estimated by providers or patients compared to true height estimated by a regression formula using measured tibial length, and compare all to the conventional 70 kg male/60 kg female standard IBW.

Methods: Prospective, observational, double-blind, convenience sampling of stable adult patients in a tertiary care ED from …


University Of Nebraska- Lincoln: Fact Book 2010-2011 Jan 2011

University Of Nebraska- Lincoln: Fact Book 2010-2011

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Reports, Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Fact Book Table of Contents

General Information

UNL Core Values ....................................................................... 4

The Role of UNL ................................................................................ 5

The Missions of UNL .................................................................................... 5

Institutional & Professional Accreditations ....................................................... 8

UNL Administrative Organization Chart ........................................................... 11

Student Credit Hours (SCH)

Total SCH: Fall Semester Since 1979 ............................................................. 12

SSH by College and Student Level, Fall & Spring Semester - 5 Year Trend ........ 13

SCH by College and Student Level, Fall Semester - 5 Year Trend.................... 14

SCH by College and Student Level, Spring Semester - 5 Year Trend ................. 15

Summer Sessions and Summer Sessions Student Credit Hours ....................... …


A "Desperate Vitality": Tableaux Vivants In The Work Of Pasolini And Ontani (1963–1974), Anna Mecugni Jan 2011

A "Desperate Vitality": Tableaux Vivants In The Work Of Pasolini And Ontani (1963–1974), Anna Mecugni

Fine Arts Faculty Publications

This essay focuses on four key works by Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-75) and Luigi Ontani (b. 1943) that involve tableaux vivants after sixteenth- and seventeenth-century paintings held in Italian churches and museums: Pasolini’s short film La ricotta (1963), and Ontani’s video Favola impropriata (1970-71) and two photographic works – La caduta dei ciechi d’après Brueghel and San Sebastiano nel bosco di Calvenzano (d’après Guido Reni) – also from circa 1970. In the 1960s and 1970s, several other Italian filmmakers and artists referenced past art in their work. Indeed, quotations and allusions to past art are characteristic of an idiosyncratic strain …


Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Crime Hotspots By Trajectories And Self-Organizing Maps, Marco Helbich, Julian Hagenauer, Michael Leitner Jan 2011

Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Crime Hotspots By Trajectories And Self-Organizing Maps, Marco Helbich, Julian Hagenauer, Michael Leitner

Faculty Publications

The exploration of spatial relationships between crime incidents, the socio-economic characteristics of neighborhoods, as well as physical and structural compositions of the urban landscape is an ongoing research issue in Geographic Information Science. Spatial data mining tools improve the ability to gain knowledge from geographic data and help to understand spatio-temporal processes that contribute to the presence or absence of criminal offenses. However, most of the currently available tools focus either on the spatial, the temporal, or a combination of both aspects. But crime has a spatial and temporal component in a multidimensional attribute space. Therefore, it is reasonable to …


The Gay Of The Land: Queer Ecology And The Literature Of The 1960s, Jill Elizabeth Anderson Jan 2011

The Gay Of The Land: Queer Ecology And The Literature Of The 1960s, Jill Elizabeth Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation I argue not only that queer ecology is a legitimate and important next step for ecocritics and queer theorists but also that its literary application does a great amount of good in exploring and dismantling the natural/unnatural binary and exposing the ecological impact of the choices humans make everyday. I take as my method a combination of queer and environmental theory and literary criticism, as well as the foundational queer ecocritical works and include important historical and political perspectives influencing the emergence of the environmental and gay and lesbian movements. Through this dissertation, I legitimize more recent …


Food And Identity: A Case Study Of Roman Soldiers And Native Civilians In Roman Britain, Aaron Michael Bobik Jan 2011

Food And Identity: A Case Study Of Roman Soldiers And Native Civilians In Roman Britain, Aaron Michael Bobik

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Food is a universal medium through which identity is expressed. In cultures both past and present, food represents a direct way to communicate many aspects of identity such as ethnicity, nationality, status, age, and gender. In archaeology, while the nutritional and economic roles of food have been a topic of study for decades, the relationship between food and identity is a research area largely in its infancy. In my thesis, I explore general aspects of identity in the past, and in particular, I utilize a case study of four archaeological sites (Segontium (Caernarfon), Portchester Castle, Wavendon Gate, and Dragonby) to …


Good Neighbors: Agents Of Change In The New Rural South, 1900 To 1940, Thomas Wayne Copeland Jan 2011

Good Neighbors: Agents Of Change In The New Rural South, 1900 To 1940, Thomas Wayne Copeland

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This work paints an intimate portrait of rural people who lived in the hill counties of northeast Mississippi and southwest Arkansas between 1900 and 1940. Howard County, Arkansas and Union County, Mississippi serve as the representative counties for each hill-country region. Howard County is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains, and Union County is located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. This study identifies who in the rural communities was most responsible for bringing positive changes to their communities, questions what motivated their efforts, and evaluates their successes and failures. To this end, the work first examines …


Reforming Tastes: Taste As A Print Aesthetic In American Cookery Writing, Sarah Wurgler Walden Jan 2011

Reforming Tastes: Taste As A Print Aesthetic In American Cookery Writing, Sarah Wurgler Walden

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many eighteenth-century philosophers such as Kant and Hume worked to develop discourses of taste as a means of standardizing cultural behaviors. Using physical taste as a metaphor for aesthetic perception and judgment, these writers could both define and abstract group boundaries. As American writers worked to distinguish their nation from their British forebears, many recognized the utility of taste-based discourse and worked to develop cultural tastes around shared principles of egalitarianism and democracy. Cookbooks and domestic writing soon engaged these discourses, as it was the task of women to cultivate a virtuous citizenry, and—through domestic print culture—to demonstrate the deleterious …


Undocumented Criminal Procedure, Devon W. Carbado, Cheryl I. Harris Jan 2011

Undocumented Criminal Procedure, Devon W. Carbado, Cheryl I. Harris

Faculty Articles

For more than two decades, criminal procedure scholars have debated what role, if any, race should play in the context of policing. Although a significant part of this debate has focused on racial profiling, or the practice of employing race as basis for suspicion, criminal procedure scholars have paid little attention to the fact that the U.S. Supreme Court has sanctioned this practice in a number of cases at the intersection of immigration law and criminal procedure. Notwithstanding that these cases raise similar questions to those at the heart of legal and policy debates about racial profiling, they are largely …


Listening For The Unconscious : An Exploration Of Lacanian Clinical Perspectives Applied To Social Work Practice, Katharine Barbey Thomas Jan 2011

Listening For The Unconscious : An Exploration Of Lacanian Clinical Perspectives Applied To Social Work Practice, Katharine Barbey Thomas

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study explores clinical perspectives based on the work of Parisian psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) applied to social work practice. Through in-depth interviews with five Lacanian clinicians residing in North America, this study asks what the unconscious as a clinical reality offers social workers in incorporating and listening for yet another dimension of human experience. The findings from the interviews will contribute to a critical reflection on social work's core values outlined in the code of ethics under the headings of "service," "social justice," "dignity and worth of the person," and "the importance of human relationships". In turn, this …


The Unbearable Lightness Of The Economics-Made-Fun Genre, Peter Spiegler Jan 2011

The Unbearable Lightness Of The Economics-Made-Fun Genre, Peter Spiegler

Economics Faculty Publication Series

Several commentators have argued that the Economics-Made-Fun (“EMF”) genre contains very little actual economics. As such, it would seem that criticisms of EMF do not apply economics more broadly. In this paper I take a contrary view, arguing that, in fact, at a deep conceptual level, the engine of EMF analyses is precisely the engine of mainstream economics. Specifically, I argue that both EMF and mainstream economics rest on a conceptual foundation known as the Principal of the Substitution of Similars (“PSS”). Understanding how PSS leads EMF practitioners to make claims well beyond what is warranted by their analysis also …


'The White Man Laughs': Commentary On The Satiric Dramatic Monologues Of Gabriel Okara, Chukwuma Azuonye Jan 2011

'The White Man Laughs': Commentary On The Satiric Dramatic Monologues Of Gabriel Okara, Chukwuma Azuonye

Africana Studies Faculty Publication Series

Examined in the present article are two early satiric lyrics of Gabriel Okara—“Once Upon a Time” and “He Laughed and Laughed and Laughed”—which are the products of the postcolonial cultural war environment in which the issues of modernity, alterity (otherness or difference) and afro-authenticity implicated in Achebe’s ripostes on the bigotry of the colonialist critic were central. The tone of this discourse amongst leading African intelligentsia was set in the 1930’s and 1940’s by four fellow south-eastern Nigerian writers in their semi-autobiographical blueprints for African cultural emancipation—Renascent Africa ((1937)) by Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996); British and Axis Aims in Africa (1942) …


Results Of Archaeogeophysical Surveying At The Great Friends Meeting House In Newport, Rhode Island, John M. Steinberg, Brian N. Damiata, John W. Schoenfelder, Kathryn A. Catlin, Christine Campbell Jan 2011

Results Of Archaeogeophysical Surveying At The Great Friends Meeting House In Newport, Rhode Island, John M. Steinberg, Brian N. Damiata, John W. Schoenfelder, Kathryn A. Catlin, Christine Campbell

Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological Research Publications

Archaeogeophysical surveys were carried out in October 2010 over a 30 x 50 m grid that was established immediately to the north and west of the north end of the Great Friends Meeting House (GFMH) in Newport, RI. The surveys were conducted using a Geonics EM-38 RT ground conductivity meter and a Malå X3M Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system that was equipped with 500 and 800 MHz antennas. In addition, a resistance survey was performed over a much smaller central area using a Geoscan RM15 resistance meter. From this work three types of geophysical anomalies have been identified: those associated …


Women And Peace Talks In Africa, Akin Iwilade Jan 2011

Women And Peace Talks In Africa, Akin Iwilade

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper interrogates the role of women in peace talks in Africa. It addresses the exclusion of women and their peculiar interests from deliberations aimed at constructing a post conflict state framework that resolves the contradictions that incite violent conflict and provides safeguards against recurrence. The paper argues that the failure of peace talks to deliberately incorporate women interests detracts from their potential to effectively confront the questions of post conflict rebuilding. It notes the increasing inclusion of women but argues that this does not amount to gender representation. This is because at the heart of the inclusion is the …


The Present Past - A Middle Swabian Dialect In The 21st Century, Stefanie Hirscher Jan 2011

The Present Past - A Middle Swabian Dialect In The 21st Century, Stefanie Hirscher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dialects throughout the Federal Republic of Germany not only vary greatly among themselves, but also tend to show internal variations with regard to dialect speaker groups, due to the influence of Standard German along with other regional factors. Medium-sized towns seem to be at the center of this dialect-standard continuum, as speakers from both rural and more urban areas come together in these towns. This study sought to investigate the state of the Middle Swabian dialect as spoken in Schwäbisch Gmünd, a medium-sized town in Southwestern Germany. Previous studies of this dialect have focused on rural areas and found only …


Factors Affecting Community Pharmacy Owners' Attitudes Toward And Likelihood To Adopt Rxsync Service(Sm), Namita Joshi Jan 2011

Factors Affecting Community Pharmacy Owners' Attitudes Toward And Likelihood To Adopt Rxsync Service(Sm), Namita Joshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Factors affecting community pharmacy owners' attitudes toward and likelihood to adopt RxSync ServiceSM. Objective. There is an increased recognition of the role of pharmacists in the provision of patient care services. Therefore, understanding factors that affect pharmacists' attitudes and likelihood to implement pharmacy services is warranted. The objective of this study is to examine how community pharmacy owners' entrepreneurial and demographic characteristics, perceptions of pharmacy service characteristics (perceived benefit, perceived compatibility, and perceived complexity), workload perceptions, and the number of pharmacy services they already offer, affect their attitude toward and likelihood to adopt RxSync ServiceSM, a newly developed prescription management …


Generating Muscle Driven Arm Movements Using Reinforcement Learning, Alex S. Broad Jan 2011

Generating Muscle Driven Arm Movements Using Reinforcement Learning, Alex S. Broad

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

This project focuses on using Reinforcement Learning to optimize arm dynamics through muscle control for desired trajectories. The goal of this project was to create a tool that can be used to gain a better understanding of the arm’s muscles and collect information that is useful in many other disciplines such as biomechanics, anthropology, medicine and robotics. I developed biologically realistic models of primate arm's using Stanford’s SimTK software, an open-source tool for modeling musculoskeletal structures. I then made use of Differential Dynamic Programming in order to generate novel movements from first principles and optimize motion over a specified trajectory. …


Implementing A Training Manual For Adventist Local Church Leaders In The Gauteng Region Of South Africa, Eugene L. Fransch Jan 2011

Implementing A Training Manual For Adventist Local Church Leaders In The Gauteng Region Of South Africa, Eugene L. Fransch

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

The youth department of the Southern Affican-Indian Ocean Division of the Seventh-day Adventist church (SID) has noticed a growing trend of frustration and ineffectiveness among local church youth leaders in their yearly church planning. This has lead to a high turnover rate among them due to a lack of adequate materials, poor program planning, and a clear knowledge of the department’s objectives to guide them in their planning.

Methodology

The purpose of the research was to implement a Youth Leadership Training Manual for church youth leaders that would help them overcome their current frustrations and assist them in planning …


A Lesbian Parented Family's Acceptance And Experiences In Family, Social, And Educational Systems: A Qualitative Case Study, Sarah Dalton Jan 2011

A Lesbian Parented Family's Acceptance And Experiences In Family, Social, And Educational Systems: A Qualitative Case Study, Sarah Dalton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This single case study was created to investigate one lesbian parented family's experiences in family, social, and educational systems to gain perspective on their overall happiness. In depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with two lesbian parents currently raising three children. After data collection and analysis, the researcher constructed six findings based on the primary research questions. The study determined that regardless of minor discrimination in the systems, the parents and their children have positive experiences in their family, social, and educational systems. The parents also offered ideas about political and social changes that would improve their lives. Overall, the study …


Theological And Ecological Foundations For Youth Ministry In Relation To The Archdiocese Of Mbarara, Uganda - East Africa, Leo Tinkatumire Jan 2011

Theological And Ecological Foundations For Youth Ministry In Relation To The Archdiocese Of Mbarara, Uganda - East Africa, Leo Tinkatumire

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is titled: Theological and Ecological Foundations for Youth Ministry in Relation to the Archdiocese of Mbarara, Uganda - East Africa. The Archdiocese of Mbarara, located in the traditional kingdom of Nkore in southwestern Uganda, is undergoing societal shift. Due to the pervading influences of Western civilization and technology, the conservative and often static culture of native tribal communities with their adherence to informal education, traditional customs and worship and a predominantly agrarian economy, is undergoing steady but dramatic transformation. Amidst this process of transition, the Church is struggling with the immediate need to adjust the message and methods …


Co-Sleeping With Her Baby: A Qualitive Study Of Adaptive And Prescriptive Voices In Parenting Decision Making, Elizabeth A. Tran Jan 2011

Co-Sleeping With Her Baby: A Qualitive Study Of Adaptive And Prescriptive Voices In Parenting Decision Making, Elizabeth A. Tran

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This project presents a qualitative study of how parents described the process of deciding to bed-share with their children. Particular emphasis was placed in understanding how those parents described relationships with advice sources. The Listening Guide feminist discourse analysis method was used to analyze interviews with five mothers who self-identified as having regularly slept with their babies to identify discourses with particular emphasis on references to self and authority. The context of this project is explained in detail with review of socio-political and scientific perspectives on decision-making and co-sleeping. Interview analysis resulted in the identification of two ways of engaging …


The Prevalence Of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among The General And Specific Populations: A Systematic Review, Elie A. Akl, Sameer K. Gunukula, Sohaib Aleem, Rawad Obeid, Philippe Jaoude, Roland Honeine, Jihad Irani Jan 2011

The Prevalence Of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among The General And Specific Populations: A Systematic Review, Elie A. Akl, Sameer K. Gunukula, Sohaib Aleem, Rawad Obeid, Philippe Jaoude, Roland Honeine, Jihad Irani

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The objective of this study was to systematically review the medical literature for the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco use among the general and specific populations.

Methods

We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science. We selected studies using a two-stage duplicate and independent screening process. We included cohort studies and cross sectional studies assessing the prevalence of use of waterpipe in either the general population or a specific population of interest. Two reviewers used a standardized and pilot tested form to collect data from each eligible study using a duplicate and independent screening process. …


Speaking The Part - Is Black English In The Workplace A Detriment To Climbing The Corporate Ladder? A Sociolinguistic Study Regarding Black English In The Workplace, Kanika Nicole Jackson Jan 2011

Speaking The Part - Is Black English In The Workplace A Detriment To Climbing The Corporate Ladder? A Sociolinguistic Study Regarding Black English In The Workplace, Kanika Nicole Jackson

Wayne State University Theses

This study aims to explore how African Americans who speak Black English (BE), particularly members of Generation X, function communicatively in corporate America, where the dominant language spoken is Standard American English (SAE). Much of the literature theorized African Americans as being resistant to speaking SAE in mainstream settings in fear of compromising their identities or "acting white." Using in-depth interviews with six African Americans across the country who work in corporate America, this study examines their lived communicative experiences in the workplace and how they learned language balance (the ability to codeswitch).

With data compiled into case studies and …


Isp Thesis, Joseph Michael David Jan 2011

Isp Thesis, Joseph Michael David

Wayne State University Theses

Abstract

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE ON TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

By: JOSEPH DAVID

December 2010

Advisor: Dr. Richard Raspa

Degree: Master of Interdisciplinary Studies

Many people in today's world often submit to broad assumptions, generalizations and faulty reasoning in determining what constitutes a competent leader. Qualities such as high energy, positive attitude and charisma are unfortunately the sole traits that elect leaders. While positive thinking does help to produce compelling visions to inspire people, high energy is necessary for leadership given the workload and charisma needed to win people over. These are components for election not successful leadership.

Such narrow sighted values for …


Traces Of Otherness In St. Thomas Aquinas' Theology Of Grace, Michael Luiz Fagge Jan 2011

Traces Of Otherness In St. Thomas Aquinas' Theology Of Grace, Michael Luiz Fagge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation looks into the work of St. Thomas Aquinas and addresses his theology of grace through the lens of the postmodern concern for the other. The first chapter sets up the postmodern view using Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida to draw out the fundamental grounding for the concern for the other. In chapters two and three, St. Thomas' theology of nature and then grace are examined focusing on his particular focus on the other. In his work we find that there is a concern for the other and a structure to the human person that supports this concern. Using …


What Is The Spirit Saying To The Churches? Toward A Contemporary Ecumenical Pneumatology, Eric Hendry Jan 2011

What Is The Spirit Saying To The Churches? Toward A Contemporary Ecumenical Pneumatology, Eric Hendry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is a clearly articulated body of teachings and similarity of experiences within contemporary ecumenical Pneumatology that has been, to a large degree, neglected within the ongoing renewal of the Roman Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council. In my research, I have come to explore the role of Léon-Joseph Cardinal Suenens - a key progressive leader at the Council - and his promotion of both charisms and the charismatic dimensions of contemporary ecclesial life. Suenens surrounded himself with some of the most talented periti at the Council, whom he continually called upon in order to articulate a theology of …


The Lived Experience Of Mental Health Workers In A Residential Treatment Facility Who Work With Multiply Traumatized Children And Self-Identify As Experiencing Vicarious Trauma And Compassion Satisfaction, Debra Hyatt-Burkhart Jan 2011

The Lived Experience Of Mental Health Workers In A Residential Treatment Facility Who Work With Multiply Traumatized Children And Self-Identify As Experiencing Vicarious Trauma And Compassion Satisfaction, Debra Hyatt-Burkhart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Examination of the work of providing trauma-focused treatment has been, heretofore, accomplished primarily through a lens of pathology. It cannot be ignored that many professionals who work with traumatized individuals suffer negative effects. What has been discounted is the experience of individuals who experience negative effects and also experience psychological benefit and personal growth from their work with trauma survivors. Literature regarding vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress is abundant, but few studies have been conducted that have been specifically designed to explore the experience of vicarious posttraumatic growth in providers of psychotraumatology.

In order to add to the insubstantial …