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Role Of Financial Accounting In Investing In 1870s America, Joel E. Thompson

Accounting Historians Journal

The objectives of this study are to understand better the development of investment practices and the information that was available for those practices during the turbulent decade of the 1870s. This was a time of panic, depression, and manipulations by insiders. Nevertheless, outsiders chose to speculate and invest in corporate securities in Wall Street. Consequently, authors began to provide more specific investment advice, some of which required the use of earnings and other financial-accounting information. This study describes the availability of that information in the books and periodicals in an age dominated by railroad kings.

Accounting On English Landed Estates During The Agricultural Revolution -- A Textbook Perspective, John Richard Edwards

Accounting Historians Journal

The agricultural revolution has been portrayed as the time when landowners began to display a capitalist mentality. This paper seeks to add to our knowledge of the use of accounting for managerial purposes during this period by exploring the content of treatises advocating different ways of accounting on landed estates. Two research questions are addressed. The first is the degree of inter-relationship between accounting methods charge-and-discharge accounting (CDA) and double-entry bookkeeping that have been presented in the literature as distinct in terms of their objectives and operation. The second objective is to assess the extent to which CDA could be …

A New Class Of Haemophilus Ducreyi? Molecular Characterization Of Samoa Strains Sb 5755, Sb 5756,Sb 5757, And Be 3145, Nichol S. Murray

Theses

Haemophilus ducreyi is a Gram negative, strict human pathogen that causes the genital ulcer disease chancroid. Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection that may aid in transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Haemophilus ducreyi can be categorized into two strain classes, class I (CI) and class II (CII), based on variations in DNA sequence and protein expression of several virulence determinants including Ducreyi Serum Resistance protein A (DsrA) and the Necessary for Collagen Adhesion protein (NcaA). Recently, the first description of non-sexually associated chancroid transmission in children with chronic lower limb ulcerations was reported. Bacteria isolated from the children were …

Factors Influencing Grass Utilization Patterns And Growth Performance In Outdoor Swine, Sequoia A. Ireland

Theses

Six gestating Yorkshire sows were evaluated in a pasture grazing system for a spring, summer to fall, and winter trial. The pasture was divided into four different grass sections containing; 1) endophyte- infected Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue, 2) non-toxic endophyte infected Max Q Fescue, 3) multispecies grass including Redtop, Kentucky Bluegrass, and Kentucky 31 Fescue, and 4) common Bermudagrass. Each sow was assigned a global positioning system (GPS) unit by Telespial Systems, which notifies researchers of animal position at all times. The attained data was then used to determine how often different areas of the pasture were frequented. Grass score …

Program In Faculty Development 2011-2012

Program in Faculty Development

Welcome to a new academic year and to opportunities to improve your skills as an educator, scholar and leader in the academic health professions! This booklet will provide you with information about the TJU Faculty Development Program for the 2011-2012 academic year including course listings, registration information, and general program information. This booklet features two “At-a-glance” outlines of the faculty development programs: a course outline for each of the three faculty development program focus areas (education, research/scholarship, and professional development and leadership) and a month-by-month calendar of activities. Detailed program information for each focus area follows. The faculty development programs …

Spring 2011, Full Issue

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Full Issue.

Osprey Nest Abundance, Distribution, And Productivity In Casco Bay, Chris Desorbo

Publications

Ospreys are one of the most well-established ecological bioindicator species because their nest distribution and productivity reflect patterns and changes in the foodweb that supports them. Osprey tissues (eggs, blood, feathers) reflect contaminants in aquatic ecosystems and as a result, they are regularly sampled throughout their range to monitor geographic and temporal contaminant patterns.

University Of Southern Maine Undergraduate Catalog 2011-2012, University Of Southern Maine

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

The Anthropocentric Advantage? Environmental Ethics And Climate Change Policy, Nicole Hassoun

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

Environmental ethicists often criticize liberalism. For, many liberals embrace anthropocentric theories on which only humans have non-instrumental value. Environmental ethicists argue that such liberals fail to account for many things that matter or provide an ethic sufficient for addressing climate change. These critics suggest that many parts of nature -- non-human individuals, other species, ecosystems and the biosphere have a kind of value beyond what they contribute to human freedom (or other things of value). This article suggests, however, that if environmental ethics are inclusive and also entail that concern for some parts of nature does not always trump concern …

Unexpected Origins Of The Enhanced Pairing Affinity Of 2 '-Fluoro-Modified Rna, Pradeep Pallan, Emily M. Greene, Paul A. Jicman, Rajendra K. Pandey, Muthiah Manoharan, Eriks Rozners, Egli Martin

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

Various chemical modifications are currently being evaluated for improving the efficacy of short interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes as antisense agents for gene silencing in vivo. Among the 2'-ribose modifications assessed to date, 2'deoxy-2'-fluoro-RNA (2'-F-RNA) has unique properties for RNA interference (RNAi) applications. Thus, 2'-F-modified nucleotides are well tolerated in the guide (antisense) and passenger (sense) siRNA strands and the corresponding duplexes lack immunostimulatory effects, enhance nuclease resistance and display improved efficacy in vitro and in vivo compared with unmodified siRNAs. To identify potential origins of the distinct behaviors of RNA and 2'-F-RNA we carried out thermodynamic and X-ray crystallographic analyses …

Model Lessons To Use With The Student Atlas Of Oregon, Jane Bennett, Marilyn Soares, Zack James, Robert Wegner, Misty Connor, Elaine Nelson, Kerrie O'Brien, Heidi King, Elli Sussman, Kayla Mooney, Amanda Perrigo, Megan Wiltermood, Magda Abarca, Jonalee Vercher, Kaila Lamarche, Jason Manring, Kenneth Prowse, Aimee Saddler, Nick Clawson, Tony Ramos, Joyce Coskey, Katie Willey, Pam Salmons, Theresa Egan, Dezire Clarke, Beth Essex, Mark S. Walls, Erin Rhodes, Brianna Kibby, Margarita Herrera, Brittney Byrne, Courtney Shimabuku, Chrisa Collins, Brenda Victorio, Jacy Nerz, Mary Cordle, Katherine Bodi

Instructional Materials

Model lessons for teachers to use with The Student Atlas of Oregon.

Comparative Phylogeography Of The Coral Triangle And Implications For Marine Management, Kent E. Carpenter, Paul H. Barber, Eric D. Crandall, Ma. Carmen A. Ablan-Lagman, Ambariyanto, Gusti Ngurah Mahardika, B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Marie Antonette Juinio-Menez, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Craig J. Starger, Abdul Hamid A. Toha

School of Natural Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Extreme concentration of marine biodiversity and exploitation of marine resources in the Coral Triangle pose challenges to biogeographers and resource managers. Comparative phylogeography provides a powerful tool to test biogeographic hypotheses evoked to explain species richness in the Coral Triangle. It can also be used to delineate management units for marine resources. After about a decade of phylogeographical studies, patterns for the Coral Triangle are emerging. Broad connectivity in some species support the notion that larvae have maintained gene flow among distant populations for long periods. Other phylogeographic patterns suggest vicariant events resulting from Pleistocene sea level fluctuations, which have, …

The Influence Of Macrophage Depletion On Ligament Healing, Connie S. Chamberlain, Ellen M. Leiferman, Kayt E. Frisch, Sijian Wang, Xipei Yang, Nico Van Rooijen, Geoff S. Baer, Stacey L. Brickson, Ray Vanderby

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Despite a complex cascade of cellular events to reconstruct damaged extracellular matrix (ECM), ligament healing results in a mechanically inferior, scar-like tissue. During normal healing, the number of macrophages significantly increases within the wound site. Then, granulation tissue expands into any residual, normal ligamentous tissue (creeping substitution), resulting in a larger region of healing, greater mechanical compromise, and an inefficient repair process. To study the effects of macrophages on the repair process, bilateral, surgical rupture of their medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) was done on rats. Treatment animals received liposome-encapsulated clodronate, 2 days before rupture to ablate phagocytosing macrophages. Ligaments were …

Is Touch Beyond Infancy Important For Children’S Mental Health?, Melody Whiddon, Marilyn J. Montgomery

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

Numerous studies from various fields have established that touch is vital to healthy adjustment during infancy and also during old age. Physiological research emphasizes the importance of touch to physical and psychological systems (Field, 2003). Attachment research emphasizes the importance of touch in the sensitive responsiveness and availability characteristic of the secure attachment style (Kassow & Dunst, 2004). Behavioral research emphasize the importance of contingent touch in reinforcement of infant behavior (Gewirtz & Pelaez- Nogueras, 2000). Recently, attention has been given to research examining touch in medical situations for elderly populations.

Theoretically, touch should remain important throughout the lifespan, but …

Descriptions Of Old Laie, 1871-1921, Riley Moffat

Mormon Pacific Historical Society

Along with the few photographs of La’ie during the early plantation era from about 1865 to 1920, several people made verbal sketches of La’ie. La’ie and Hawai’i always have been considered exotic, and before photographs were common in newspapers, magazines and books, a verbal description was a highly developed means of sharing with readers what a place was like. It was meant to help a reader visualize a place the way we now use photographic images. We’ve all heard that a picture is worth a thousand words; here follows some examples of people using words in the place of a …

Different Sources Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affects Apparent Digestibility, Tissue Deposition, And Tissue Oxidative Stability In Growing Female Rats, Janet C. Tou, Stephanie N. Altman, Joseph C. Gigliotti, Vagner A. Benedito, Elizabeth L. Cordonier

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Numerous health benefits associated with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) consumption has lead to an increasing variety of available n-3 PUFA sources. However, sources differ in the type, amount, and structural form of the n-3 PUFAs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of different sources of ω-3 PUFAs on digestibility, tissue deposition, eicosanoid metabolism, and oxidative stability.

Methods

Female Sprague-Dawley rats (age 28 d) were randomly assigned (n = 10/group) to be fed a high fat 12% (wt) diet consisting of either corn oil (CO) or n-3 PUFA rich flaxseed (FO), krill …

Efficacy Of Aerobic Exercise And A Prudent Diet For Improving Selected Lipids And Lipoproteins In Adults: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley, Susan Roberts, William Haskell

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Studies addressing the effects of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in adults have reached conflicting conclusions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise combined with a prudent diet on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in adults.

Methods

Studies were located by searching nine electronic databases, cross-referencing, and expert review. Two independent reviewers selected studies that met the following criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials, (2) aerobic exercise combined with diet recommendations (saturated/trans fat intake less than 10% of total calories and cholesterol less than 300 mg/day and/or fiber intake …

Age-Corrected Beta Cell Mass Following Onset Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Correlates With Plasma C-Peptide In Humans, David J. Klinke Ii

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

The inability to produce insulin endogenously precipitates the clinical symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the dynamic trajectory of beta cell destruction following onset remains unclear. Using model-based inference, the severity of beta cell destruction at onset decreases with age where, on average, a 40% reduction in beta cell mass was sufficient to precipitate clinical symptoms at 20 years of age. While plasma C-peptide provides a surrogate measure of endogenous insulin production post-onset, it is unclear as to whether plasma C-peptide represents changes in beta cell mass or beta cell function. The objective of this paper was to …

Aging Influences Cardiac Mitochondrial Gene Expression And Cardiovascular Function Following Hemorrhage Injury, Bixi Jian, Shaolong Yang, Dongquan Chen, Lunyun Zou, John C. Chatham, Irshad Chaudry, Raghavan Raju

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Cardiac dysfunction and mortality associated with trauma and sepsis increase with age. Mitochondria play a critical role in the energy demand of cardiac muscles, and thereby on the function of the heart. Specific molecular pathways responsible for mitochondrial functional alterations after injury in relation to aging are largely unknown. To further investigate this, 6- and 22-month-old rats were subjected to trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) or sham operation and euthanized following resuscitation. Left ventricular tissue was profiled using our custom rodent mitochondrial gene chip (RoMitochip). Our experiments demonstrated a declined left ventricular performance and decreased alteration in mitochondrial gene expression with age following …

Molecular Cloning And Expression Of Bovine Nucleoplasmin 2 (Npm2): A Maternal Effect Gene Regulated By Mir-181a, Brandon M. Lingenfelter, Swamy K. Tripurani, Jyothsna Tejomurtula, George W. Smith, Jianbo Yao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2) is an oocyte-specific nuclear protein essential for nuclear and nucleolar organization and early embryonic development. The aims of this study were to clone the bovine NPM2 gene, determine its temporal expression during oocyte development and early embryogenesis, and evaluate the potential role of miRNA-181a in regulation of its expression.

Methods

A 329 bp cDNA fragment was amplified from bovine fetal ovary using primers designed based on the conserved regions of the human and mouse NPM2 cDNA sequences. RACE experiments were performed to obtain the 5' and 3' ends of the bovine NPM2 cDNA. Real time PCR …

Generation Of A Reference Transcriptome For Evaluating Rainbow Trout Responses To Various Stressors, Cecilia C. Sanchez, Gregory M. Weber, Guangtu Gao, Beth M. Cleveland, Jianbo Yao, Caird E. Rexroad

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Fish under intensive culture conditions are exposed to a variety of acute and chronic stressors, including high rearing densities, sub-optimal water quality, and severe thermal fluctuations. Such stressors are inherent in aquaculture production and can induce physiological responses with adverse effects on traits important to producers and consumers, including those associated with growth, nutrition, reproduction, immune response, and fillet quality. Understanding and monitoring the biological mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate alleviating their negative effects through selective breeding and changes in management practices, resulting in improved animal welfare and production efficiency.

Results

Physiological responses to five treatments associated with …

Pulmonary Fibrotic Response To Aspiration Of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Robert R. Mercer, Anna F. Hubbs, James F. Scabilloni, Liying Wang, Lori A. Battelli, Sherri Friend, Vincent Castranova, Dale W. Porter

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are new manufactured nanomaterials with a wide spectrum of commercial applications. To address the hypothesis that MWCNTs cause persistent pulmonary pathology, C57BL/6J mice were exposed by pharyngeal aspiration to 10, 20, 40 or 80 μg of MWCNTs (mean dimensions of 3.9 μm × 49 nm) or vehicle. Lungs were preserved at 1, 7, 28 and 56 days post- exposure to determine the potential regions and target cells for impact by MWCNT lung burden. Morphometric measurement of Sirius Red staining was used to assess the connective tissue response.

Results

At 56 days post-exposure, 68.7 ± 3.9, …

Metabolic Changes In Skin Caused By Scd1 Deficiency: A Focus On Retinol Metabolism, Matthew T. Flowers, Chad M. Paton, Sheila O'Byrne, Kevin Schiesser, John A. Dawson, William S. Blaner, Christina Kendziorski, James M. Ntambi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We previously reported that mice with skin-specific deletion of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1) recapitulated the skin phenotype and hypermetabolism observed in mice with a whole-body deletion of Scd1. In this study, we first performed a diet-induced obesity experiment at thermoneutral temperature (33°C) and found that skin-specific Scd1 knockout (SKO) mice still remain resistant to obesity. To elucidate the metabolic changes in the skin that contribute to the obesity resistance and skin phenotype, we performed microarray analysis of skin gene expression in male SKO and control mice fed a standard rodent diet. We identified an extraordinary number of differentially expressed genes that …

Connections Of The Superior Paraolivary Nucleus Of The Rat: Ii. Reciprocal Connections With The Tectal Longitudinal Column, Antonio Vinuela, M-Auxiliadora Aparicio, Albert S. Berrebi, Enrique Saldana

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON), a prominent GABAergic center of the mammalian auditory brainstem, projects to the ipsilateral inferior colliculus (IC) and sends axons through the commissure of the IC (CoIC). Herein we demonstrate that the SPON is reciprocally connected with the recently discovered tectal longitudinal column (TLC). The TLC is a long and narrow structure that spans nearly the entire midbrain tectum longitudinally, immediately above the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and very close to the midline. Unilateral injections of biotinylated dextran into the SPON of the rat label abundant terminal fibers in the TLC of both sides, with an …

Role Of Germination In Murine Airway Cd8+ T-Cell Responses To Aspergillus Conidia, Steven P. Templeton, Amanda D. Buskirk, Brandon Law, Brett J. Green, Donald H. Beezhold

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus has been associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. A. fumigatus conidia produce β-glucan, proteases, and other immunostimulatory factors upon germination. Murine models have shown that the ability of A. fumigatus to germinate at physiological temperature may be an important factor that facilitates invasive disease. We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor, a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. Analysis of tissue sections indicated …

Securinine, A Myeloid Differentiation Agent With Therapeutic Potential For Aml, Kalpana Gupta, Amitabha Chakrabarti, Sonia Rana, Ritu Ramdeo, Bryan L. Roth, Munna L. Agarwal, William Tse, Mukesh K. Agarwal, David N. Wald

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

As the defining feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a maturation arrest, a highly desirable therapeutic strategy is to induce leukemic cell maturation. This therapeutic strategy has the potential of avoiding the significant side effects that occur with the traditional AML therapeutics. We identified a natural compound securinine, as a leukemia differentiation-inducing agent. Securinine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has previously been used clinically as a therapeutic for primarily neurological related diseases. Securinine induces monocytic differentiation of a wide range of myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as primary leukemic patient samples. Securinine's clinical potential for AML can be …

The Streptococcal Collagen-Like Protein-1 (Scl1) Is A Significant Determinant For Biofilm Formation By Group A Streptococcus, Heaven A. Oliver-Kozup, Meenal Elliott, Beth A. Bachert, Karen H. Martin, Sean D. Reid, Diane E. Schwegler-Berry, Brett J. Green, Slawomir Lukomski

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific pathogen responsible for a number of diseases characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. During host colonization GAS-cell aggregates or microcolonies are observed in tissues. GAS biofilm, which is an in vitro equivalent of tissue microcolony, has only recently been studied and little is known about the specific surface determinants that aid biofilm formation. In this study, we demonstrate that surface-associated streptococcal collagen-like protein-1 (Scl1) plays an important role in GAS biofilm formation.

Results

Biofilm formation by M1-, M3-, M28-, and M41-type GAS strains, representing an intraspecies breadth, were analyzed spectrophotometrically …

Modified Expression Of Alternative Oxidase In Transgenic Tomato And Petunia Affects The Level Of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Resistance, Hao Ma, Congfeng Song, Wayne Borth, Diane Sether, Michael Melzer, John Hu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has a very wide host range, and is transmitted in a persistent manner by several species of thrips. These characteristics make this virus difficult to control. We show here that the over-expression of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) in tomato and petunia is related to TSWV resistance.

Results

The open reading frame and full-length sequence of the tomato AOX gene LeAox1au were cloned and introduced into tomato 'Healani' and petunia 'Sheer Madness' using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Highly expressed AOX transgenic tomato and petunia plants were selfed and transgenic R1 seedlings from 10 tomato lines …

Microrna-196a Regulates Bovine Newborn Ovary Homeobox Gene (Nobox) Expression During Early Embryogenesis, Swamy K. Tripurani, Kyung-Bon Lee, Gabbine Wee, George W. Smith, Jianbo Yao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Oocyte-derived maternal RNAs drive early embryogenesis when the newly formed embryo is transcriptionally inactive. Recent studies in zebrafish have identified the role of microRNAs during the maternal-to-embryonic transition (MET). MicroRNAs are short RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs to repress their translation and accelerate their decay. Newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX) is a transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in oocytes and essential for folliculogenesis in mice. NOBOX knockout mice are infertile and lack of NOBOX disrupts expression of many germ-cell specific genes and microRNAs. We recently reported the cloning and expression of bovine NOBOX …

In The Blink Of An Eye: Neural Responses Elicited To Viewing The Eye Blinks Of Another Individual, Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis, Michael E. Berrebi, Marie E. Mcneely, Amy L. Prostko, Aina Puce

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Facial movements have the potential to be powerful social signals. Previous studies have shown that eye gaze changes and simple mouth movements can elicit robust neural responses, which can be altered as a function of potential social significance. Eye blinks are frequent events and are usually not deliberately communicative, yet blink rate is known to influence social perception. Here, we studied event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited to observing non-task relevant blinks, eye closure, and eye gaze changes in a centrally presented natural face stimulus. Our first hypothesis (H1) that blinks would produce robust ERPs (N170 and later ERP components) was validated, …