Digital Commons Network^™

The Right To Miranda Warnings Overseas: Why The Supreme Court Should Prescribe A Detailed Set Of Warnings For American Investigators Abroad, Jessica Schneider

Connecticut Journal of International Law

This note will address several issues. Part I will examine the history of Miranda warnings. Part II will discuss the various ways in which district and circuit courts have addressed the applicability of Miranda warnings in foreign countries, and will examine the case of United States v. Bin Laden23 and its appellate counterpart, In re Terrorist Bombings of U.S. Embassies in East Africa, the most elaborate decisions to date on Miranda's reach abroad. Part III will explore Miranda's right to counsel provision and the debate raging in courts around the country regarding Miranda's application abroad. Part IV will explore the …

Analyzing The Effects Of Led Traffic Signals On Urban Intersection Safety, Deogratias Eustace, Valerie E. Griffin, Peter W. Hovey

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

In 2002, there were 1,299,000 crashes at signalized intersections in the United States. These crashes account for approximately 21 percent of total crashes and about 24 percent of all fatal and injury collisions. The social and financial impact of this number of collisions is substantial. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and other agencies have recognized the detrimental effects of intersection crashes on our society and continue to fund research that will lead to a decrease in crash frequency. Numerous countermeasures have been tested for their potential to reduce crashes. Infrastructure improvements such as the construction of left-turn lanes, the removal …

The Impacts Of Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption On Urban Traffic Speed, Hualiang (Harry) Teng, Valerian Kwigizile, Gang Xie, Mohamed S. Kaseko, A. Reed Gibby

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

We used GPS data from paratransit vehicles to evaluate the impact of emergency vehicles on urban traffic speeds. The results indicate that speed variance is significantly higher during emergency preemption and the mean speeds of traffic flowing in the same direction as the emergency vehicle and on crossing streets are lower during preemption than during normal conditions. Regression results indicate that traffic on major arterials and traffic in the opposite direction of the emergency vehicle tend to have higher speed during signal preemption. Signal preemption during peak periods and duration of preemption had a significant negative impact on traffic speeds. …

Aku Newsletter : Spring 2010, Volume 11, Issue 1, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan University Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Diversity Partitioning Of Stony Corals Across Multiple Spatial Scales Around Zanzibar Island, Tanzania, Robert Van Woesik, Assaf Zvuloni, Yossi Loya

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The coral reefs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja, Tanzania) encompass a considerable proportion of the global coralreef diversity and are representative of the western Indian Ocean region. Unfortunately, these reefs have been recently subjected to local and regional disturbances. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are potentially non-random processes forcing the observed coral diversity patterns, and highlight where and at which spatial scales these processes might be most influential. Methodology/Principal Findings: A hierarchical (nested) sampling design was employed across three spatial scales, ranging from transects (≤20 m), stations (<100 m), to sites (<1000 m), to examine coral diversity patterns. Two of the four sites, Chumbe and Mnemba, were located within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), while the other two sites, Changuu and Bawe, were not protected. Additive partitioning of coral diversity was used to separate regional (total) diversity (γ) into local a diversity and among-sample β diversity components. Individual-based null models were used to identify deviations from random distribution across the three spatial scales. We found that Chumbe and Mnemba had similar diversity components to those predicted by the null models. However, the diversity at Changuu and Bawe was lower than expected at all three spatial scales tested. Consequently, the relative contribution of the among-site diversity component was significantly greater than expected. Applying partitioning analysis for each site separately revealed that the within-transect diversity component in Changuu was significantly lower than the null expectation. Conclusions/Significance: The non-random outcome of the partitioning analyses helped to identify the among-sites scale (i.e., 10's of kilometers) and the within-transects scale (i.e., a few meters; especially at Changuu) as spatial boundaries within which to examine the processes that may interact and disproportionately differentiate coral diversity. In light of coral community compositions and diversity patterns we strongly recommend that Bawe be declared a MPA.

Latent Tuberculosis Among Pregnant Mothers In A Resource Poor Setting In Northern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study, Faheem G. Sheriff, Karim P. Manji, Mohamed P. Manji, Mohamedsuhel M. Chagani, Rose M. Mpembeni, Ahmed Jusabani, Zaheerabbas A. Alwani

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background:

Untreated latent TB infection (LTBI) is a significant risk factor for active pulmonary tuberculosis, hence predisposing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and mother to child transmission. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis in pregnancy and its association, if any, with various socio-demographic, obstetric and clinical characteristics was evaluated.

Methods:

Northern Tanzania was chosen as the study site. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 286 pregnant women from 12 weeks gestational age to term were assessed. Screening was undertaken using an algorithm involving tuberculin skin testing, symptom screening in the form of a questionnaire, sputum testing for acid fast bacilli followed …

Recommendations For Interdisciplinary Design Of Buildings And Other Facilities In Rural East Africa, David A. Lambert

Master's Theses

Development and aid focused non-governmental organizations operating in rural East Africa face unique challenges in the design and construction of buildings and other facilities in support of their efforts. Failure to address these issues can result in financial consequences hindering success and there is very little information available providing recommendations or guidelines. A summary of the design of the Same Polytechnic, a vocational training school located in northern Tanzania, details the comprehensive process involving the multiple parties of an interdisciplinary design team each requiring specific information to evaluate the many factors involved. The lessons learned and information gathered during the …

Revised Version (2010) Of "Through The Eyes Of Mandela Sisulu And Tambo: An Appraisal Of The Southern African Liberation Movements, Darfur, And Kenya And U.S. Policies Towards Africa", Prexy Nesbitt

Rozell 'Prexy' Nesbitt Writings and Speeches

Prexy Nesbitt, a Chicago-based anti-apartheid activist and educator, revised his original talk at Chapman College, Orange, California, february 25, 2008, to include new material. 16 pages.

Ecological Niche And Potential Geographic Distribution Of The Invasive Fruit Fly Bactrocera Invadens (Diptera, Tephritidae), M. De Meyer, M. P. Robertson, M. W. Mansell, S. Ekesi, K. Tsuruta, W. Mwaiko, J. F. Vayssières, A. T. Peterson

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Two correlative approaches to the challenge of ecological niche modeling (genetic algorithm, maximum entropy) were used to estimate the potential global distribution of the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens, based on associations between known occurrence records and a set of environmental predictor variables. The two models yielded similar estimates, largely corresponding to Equatorial climate classes with high levels of precipitation. The maximum entropy approach was somewhat more conservative in its evaluation of suitability, depending on thresholds for presence/absence that are selected, largely excluding areas with distinct dry seasons; the genetic algorithm models, in contrast, indicate that climate class as partly …

Upwelling Couples Chemical And Biological Dynamics Across The Littoral And Pelagic Zones Of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, Jessica R. Corman, P. B. Mcintyre, B. Kuboja, W. Mbemba, D. Fink, C. W. Wheeler, C. Gans, E. Michel, A. S. Flecker

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

We studied the effects of upwelling on nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the pelagic and littoral zones of Lake Tanganyika near Kigoma, Tanzania. During the dry season of 2004, a rise in the thermocline and sudden drop in surface water temperatures indicated a substantial upwelling event. Increases in concentrations of nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus, and silica in the surface waters occurred simultaneously after the temperature drop. Within days, chlorophyll a concentrations increased and remained elevated, while inorganic nutrient concentrations returned to preupwelling levels and organic nutrient concentrations peaked. We observed parallel temporal patterns of water temperature, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton …

A Qualitative Analysis Of Learning And Leadership Development Of Universal Primary Education Teachers And The Resulting Impact On The Tanzanian Education System, Mary Auxilia Mtuy

ETD Archive

This study investigates Learning and Leadership Development (LLD) activities of Universal Primary Education (UPE) teachers in Tanzania. The primary research was centered on how the UPE teacher recruitment and training program within the Kilimanjaro region has impacted the rest of the educational system in Tanzania by looking at how the professional development that UPE teachers receive impacts their transformation and identity as professionals. The study utilizes a qualitative method of inquiry with critical interpretation. The first step in utilizing the chosen method was to review the literature and design the focus group, as well as the survey. The focus group …

Madison Magazine, Vol. 33, No. 1, Winter 2010 Full Issue

Madison Magazine

No abstract provided.

Marine Reserves As Linked Social–Ecological Systems, Richard Pollnac, Patrick Christie, Joshua E. Cinner, Tracey Dalton, Tim M. Daw, Graham E. Forrester, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Timothy R. Mcclanahan

Marine Affairs Faculty Publications

Marine reserves are increasingly recognized as having linked social and ecological dynamics. This study investigates how the ecological performance of 56 marine reserves throughout the Philippines, Caribbean, and Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is related to both reserve design features and the socioeconomic characteristics in associated coastal communities. Ecological performance was measured as fish biomass in the reserve relative to nearby areas. Of the socioeconomic variables considered, human population density and compliance with reserve rules had the strongest effects on fish biomass, but the effects of these variables were region specific. Relationships between population density and the reserve effect on fish …

The Perils Of Privatization: International Developments And Reform In Water Distribution, Adam D. Link

Global Business & Development Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Images Of Sub-Saharan Africa And Africans In Western Media, Cherice Joyann Estes

Theses Digitization Project

This study will show that news coverage of Africa is very limited and not proportional to either the continent's population or the number of African countries. Popular culture tends to portray Africa and Africans as primitive and uncivilized. This thesis will show how these representations have severe political consequences in a case study of the Rwandan Genocide. The Western media's portrayal of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide was mischaracterized by the use of old colonial tropes that facilitated western countries' failure to act.

No. 01: The Invisible Crisis: Urban Food Security In Southern Africa, Jonathan Crush, Bruce Frayne

African Food Security Urban Network

Over 1 billion people in the world are now undernourished. The current international food security agenda focuses almost exclusively on the food insecurity of rural populations and ways to increase smallholder production. The plight of the urban poor is marginalised in this agenda leading to neglect of the ‘invisible crisis’ of urban food insecurity. This paper argues that the future of Southern Africa is an urban one and that urban food insecurity is therefore a large and growing challenge. The causes, determinants and solutions for food insecurity are not the same in rural and urban settings. This paper suggests that …

No. 04: Urban Food Production And Household Food Security In Southern African Cities, Jonathan Crush, Alice Hovorka, Daniel Tevara

African Food Security Urban Network

Optimism about the role of household food production (urban agriculture) in improving the food security of the urban poor has given way to pessimism and even scepticism. This paper critically examines the views of advocates of urban agriculture and suggests that it cannot be isolated from a broader consideration of the changing nature of urban food supply systems in Southern African cities. Urban food production by poor households is currently very limited across the region and even fewer produce for market. While food production is a useful livelihood supplement in some cities and a source of income to some wealthier …

Self-Defense Targetings Of Non-State Actors And Permissibility Of U.S. Use Of Drones In Pakistan, Jordan J. Paust

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Why Africa Matters

Madison Magazine

No abstract provided.

Looking Back, Moving Forward: Promoting Gender Equity To Fight Hiv, Horizons Studies 1999 To 2007, Julie Pulerwitz, Annie P. Michaelis, Ellen Weiss

HIV and AIDS

In 1997, the Population Council initiated the Horizons Program—a decade-long USAID-funded collaboration with the International Center for Research on Women, the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, PATH, Tulane University, Family Health International, and Johns Hopkins University—designing, implementing, evaluating, and expanding innovative strategies for HIV prevention and care. Horizons developed and tested ways to optimize HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs; worked to reduce stigma and improve gender-biased behaviors; and greatly expanded knowledge about the best ways to support, protect, and treat children affected by HIV and AIDS. In all its projects, Horizons strengthened the capacity of local institutions by providing support and …

Center News/Faculty And Staff Updates, Human Rights Brief

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

The 9/11 Commission And The White House: Issues Of Executive Privilege And Separation Of Powers, Daniel Marcus

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Realkeepen: Anglicisms In The German Hip-Hop Community, Matt Garley

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Why Planning Does Not Work? Land Use Planning And Residents' Rights In Tanzania, Joe Lugalla

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

No abstract provided.

Introducing A Multi-Site Program For Early Diagnosis Of Hiv Infection Among Hiv-Exposed Infants In Tanzania, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Bazghina Werq-Semo, Aziz Abdallah, Amy Cunningham, John G. Gamaliel, Sevestine Mtunga, Victoria Nankabirwa, Isaya Malisa, Luis F. Gonzalez, Charles Massambu, Denis Nash, Jessica Justman, Elaine J. Abrams

Publications and Research

Background: In Tanzania, less than a third of HIV infected children estimated to be in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are receiving it. In this setting where other infections and malnutrition mimic signs and symptoms of AIDS, early diagnosis of HIV among HIV-exposed infants without specialized virologic testing can be a complex process. We aimed to introduce an Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) pilot program using HIV DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing with the intent of making EID nationally available based on lessons learned in the first 6 months of implementation.

Methods: In September 2006, a molecular biology laboratory at …

For Congo Jack, Gentle Globetrotter, Paul H.W. Brietzke

Valparaiso University Law Review

No abstract provided.

For Jack, Third World Traveler And Camouflaged Tiger, Derrick Augustus Carter

Valparaiso University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Retrieval Of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon Records Using Lake Sediments : Implications In Radiative Forcing, Tanveer Ahmed

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Elemental or black carbon (EC or BC) aerosols produced during incomplete combustion strongly absorb solar radiation and contribute to global warming, and cause cardiopulmonary disease. Long-term atmospheric EC measurements, [EC]_atm, are needed to validate global climate models to estimate the impact of EC on earth's temperature. Such data is sparse.

Coercing Voluntariness, Wadie E. Said

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Promoting Urban Agriculture As An Alternative Land Use For Vacant Properties In The City Of Detroit: Benefits, Problems, And Proposals For A Regulatory Framework For Successful Land Use Integration, John E. Mogk, Sarah Kwiatkowski, Mary J. Weindorf

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.