Digital Commons Network^™

Should They Go The Way Of The Horse And Buggy? How The New York City Horse-Drawn Carriage Industry Has Survived Thirty Years Of Opposition, Katherine Hutchison

Animal Law Review

This Comment reviews the history of the horse-drawn carriage industry in New York City and details legislative efforts to regulate the business. Many cities in the United States feature horse-drawn carriages as a tourist attraction, but they are most associated with New York. The long-standing controversy over the working and living conditions of the horses that pull the cabs has garnered less national attention than other animal welfare issues, despite the fatalities and injuries suffered by the equines on traffic-choked Manhattan streets. Supporters of the industry defend it as an important contributor to the local economy, an iconic symbol of …

On The Lamb: Toward A National Animal Abuser Registry, Stacy A. Nowicki

Animal Law Review

A national animal abuser registry has the potential to provide law enforcement agencies with a much-needed tool for tracking animal abusers, but no such registry exists. This Comment first discusses existing state and federal criminal registries for sex offenders, child abusers, and elder abusers. It determines that existing criminal registries often contain inaccurate entries and that they have little deterrent effect, making their potential infringement on offenders’ Constitutional rights and other collateral consequences difficult to justify.

This Comment then turns to the viability of a national animal abuse registry, discussing the link between the abuse of animals and violence towards …

Government Speech And Online Forums: First Amendment Limitations On Facilitating And Moderating Public Discourse On Government Websites,, David S. Ardia

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Why Defense Attorneys Cannot, But Do, Care About Innocence, Robert P. Mosteller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Embracing The Affective Family, Clare Huntington

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Internet Governance And Democratic Legitimacy, Olivier Sylvain

Faculty Scholarship

Even as the Internet goes pop, federal policymakers continue to surrender their statutory obligation to regulate communications in the first instance to extralegal nongovernmental organizations comprised of technical experts. The Federal Communications Commission’s conclusion that a major broadband service provider's network management practices were unreasonable is a case in point. There, in the absence of any decisive legislative or even regulatory guidance, the FCC turned principally to the engineering principles on which the Internet Engineering Task Force bases transmission standards: to wit, (1) decentralization, (2) interoperability, and (3) user empowerment. This impulse to defer as a matter of course to …

Stealth Marketing And Antibranding: The Love That Dare Not Speak Its Name , Sonia K. Katyal

Faculty Scholarship

A difficult set of legal issues stem from the crossover between stealth marketing and user generated content in both real and digital space. Today, branding opportunities can be cloaked within ordinary noncommercial expression, as corporate sponsorship extends further and further toward resembling user generated content, making it difficult to discern when content is sponsored and when it is not. Since many forms of stealth marketing often takes place within the nontraditional channels that antibranding occupies (public space, websites, and other forms of media and content), it becomes more difficult then for the consumer to distinguish between the brand and the …

Penetrating The Silence In Sierra Leone: A Blueprint For The Eradication Of Female Genital Mutilation, Chi Adanna Mgbako, Meghna Saxena, Anna Cave, Nasim Farjad, Helen Shin

Faculty Scholarship

The African grassroots movement to eradicate female genital mutilation (also known as “female genital cutting” and “female circumcision,” hereinafter “FGM”) is widespread. While many African countries and grassroots organizations have made great strides in their efforts to eliminate FGM, Sierra Leone lags behind. In Sierra Leone, FGM is practiced within the bondo secret society, an ancient, all-female commune located in West Africa and also known as the sande. The bondo society’s traditional role was to direct girls’ rites of passage into adulthood. In order to become a member of the bondo, a girl or woman must undergo various rituals, the …

Deontology, Political Morality, And The State Symposium: Political Theory And Criminal Punishment, Youngjae Lee

Faculty Scholarship

Sometimes the government makes a policy choice, and, as a result, innocent persons die. How should we morally assess such deaths? For instance, is the government’s choice of the reasonable doubt standard or its decision to restrict the death penalty to certain narrow categories responsible for deaths of innocents? If so, does the deontological norm against harming people dictate that the government loosen the evidentiary standard for conviction or widen the availability of capital punishment? This Article argues that the traditional distinctions between intending and foreseeing harm and between causing harm and allowing harm to occur are insufficient to absolve …

Interpretations: Deep, Reasonable, And Free, Paul Guyer

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

No abstract provided.

Developing Trust And Managing Differences In Perception: Building Relationships Between The Missoula Police Department And Local News Media, Melissa Jensen

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Finding the right balance in the relationships that develop between law enforcement officers and members of the media can be difficult for both sides. Police officers who work with the media are trying to navigate through the process of informing the public of crime activity, while protecting those involved in the cases being reported on by the media. Reporters on the other hand are trying to navigate their way through the sometimes unclear process of gathering criminal justice information to report crime stories to the public, while learning the proper procedures for working with law enforcement.

As The Creek Trickles: Land Use Debates In The Rock Creek Drainage, Carly Christine Phillips

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Rural areas in Montana are increasing in population as more and more people move to or buy second homes in these areas in search of scenic amenities and a better quality of life. Academics, policy makers, and the general public are concerned that such development pressure may have negative consequences for important habitat, ecosystems, rural communities, people’s livelihoods, and social networks. Rock Creek, Montana is a small, rural area that has seen a large increase in population in the last twenty years. Population increase and development pressure in the area has led to many debates about proper land use on …

Design Of An Integrated Starter-Alternator For A Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle: A Case Study In Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine Design, Jessica L. Colton

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This thesis details the design of an electric machine to perform as both a starter and alternator in a series hybrid electric vehicle. The focus of the work is on practical design aspects specific to single-sided axial flux permanent magnet machines with non-overlapped windings. First, a characterization of the rotor losses in these machine types is presented through experimental validation of finite element analysis estimates. The approaches taken to model the axial flux geometry, especially in two-dimensions, are detailed, and the difficult issue of validating the finite element analysis estimates with experimental data is addressed with a prototype 24-slot, 20-pole …

Modeling Biological Structures Via Abstract Grammars To Solve Common Problems In Computational Biology, David J. Russell

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Grammars are generally understood to be the set of rules that define the relationships between elements of a language. However, grammars can also be used to elucidate structural relationships within sequences constructed from any finite alphabet. In this work abstract grammars are used to model the primary and secondary structures present in biological data. These grammar models are inferred and applied to efficiently solve various sequence analysis problems in computational biology, including multiple sequence alignment, fragment assembly, database redundancy removal, and structural prediction.

The primary structures, or sequential ordering of symbols, of biological data are first modeled with Lempel-Ziv (LZ) …

Growth And Characterization Of Silicon Carbide Thin Films Using A Nontraditional Hollow Cathode Sputtering Technique, James Huguenin-Love

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Silicon carbide (SiC) is considered a suitable candidate for high-power, high-frequency devices due to its wide bandgap, high breakdown field, and high electron mobility. It also has the unique ability to synthesize graphene on its surface by subliming Si during an annealing stage. The deposition of SiC is most often carried out using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, but little research has been explored with respect to the sputtering of SiC.

Investigations of the thin film depositions of SiC from pulse sputtering a hollow cathode SiC target are presented. Although there are many different polytypes of SiC, techniques are discussed …

Experimental Investigation Of Dielectric Barrier Impact On Breakdown Voltage Enhancement Of Copper Wire-Plane Electrode Systems, Elham Foruzan, M. Ziaee-Nezhad, A. A. Shayegani-Akmal, K. Niayesh

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Non-pressurized air is extensively used as basic insulation media in medium / high voltage equipments. An inherent property of air-insulated designs is that the systems tend to become physically large. Application of Dielectric barrier can increase the breakdown voltage and therefore decrease the size of the equipments.

In this paper, the impact of dielectric barrier on breakdown voltage enhancement of a copper wire-plane system is investigated. For this purpose, the copper wire is covered with different dielectric materials. Depending on the air gap and dielectric strength of the barrier the breakdown can be initiated in the solid or gas dielectric. …

Building A Community Of Shalom: What The Bible Says About Multicultural Education, Heekap Lee

International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal

Multicultural education is a highly controversial topic in which it has been the center of contentions and conflicts as it has evolved for the last couple of decades. Several concerns and problems existed in the field of multicultural education will be addressed in this article. In addition, a new framework of multicultural education, called the shalom model, which is drawn from the Bible is presented, along with the characteristics of the model. The goal of multicultural education, according to this model, is to build a community of shalom, an image that is clearly described in Isaiah 11:6. In order to …

Special Education And Spiritual Formation, David W. Anderson

International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal

Faith-learning integration is a complex and sometimes challenging issue for university faculty, and something which our students have not likely engaged in. Rather than “integration,” emphasis will be on how Christian thought informs educational practice, and contributes to our spiritual formation, igniting flames of faith-learning and helping prepare caring and competent teachers.

The Role Of Controversial Issues In Moral Education: Approaches And Attitudes Of Christian School Educators, Samuel J. Smith

International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal

This study investigated the approaches and attitudes of Christian school teachers as they addressed controversial issues in moral education. Thirteen teachers from four schools were interviewed extensively. A hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was implemented. Participants conveyed that they attempted to remain pedagogically neutral in matters relating to denominational differences among Christian churches. While acknowledging that indoctrinative techniques may alienate students, teachers chose to indoctrinate selectively, especially in matters critical to the Christian faith. Issues impacting the classrooms included abortion, sex, doctrine, homosexuality, evolution, etc. Teachers rarely chose to remain neutral on controversial issues unless by doing so they sensed that they …

Teacher Vital Signs: A Two-Country Study Of Teacher Vitality, Delta Cavner Ed.D.

International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal

Defining teacher vitality as the vigor, energy, passion, and joy teachers bring to their classroom, students and colleagues; this article describes an international, comparative, qualitative, phenomenological study of teachers’ lived experiences to determine the elements influencing teacher vitality. This is a two-country, multiple-case study of twenty-one middle and high school teachers who had taught ten to twenty years. In order to serve as a confirmation of the universality of the elements of teacher vitality, the study was not only conducted in two different schools in Idaho, but also was replicated in two different schools in Austria. In each of the …

Prevalence, Nature, Context And Impact Of Alcohol Use In India: Recommendations For Practice And Research, S. Prabhu, David A. Patterson Silver Wolf (Adelv Unegv Waya) Phd, Catherine N. Dulmus Phd, K. S. Ratheeshkumar

Brown School Faculty Publications

Presently alcohol policy in India takes a moral stand rather than a scientific approach towards understanding and dealing with the problem of alcoholism. To effectively address this social problem in India, public policy must take into account the nature, extent of the problem and the context in which it occurs. This literature review examines the nature, prevalence and impact of alcohol use and misuse in India, within its historical and cultural contexts, as a beginning step to inform policy. Recommendations for practice and future research directions are suggested.

Vulnerability And Disability In Darfur, Maria Kett, Jean-Francois Trani

Brown School Faculty Publications

The difficulties faced by persons with disabilities throughout the displacement process contribute to their increased vulnerability.

Faculty Governance, Volume 1, Issue 4, Unm Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Documents

No abstract provided.

Hslic Annual Report Fy2009-10, Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

HSLIC Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Personnel File Of Fr. John Candido Rodriguez, Catholic Church. Archdiocese Of Santa Fe (N.M.)

Personnel Files

No abstract provided.

Resource Nationalism And Energy Security In Latin America: Implication For Global Oil Supplies, David R. Mares

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

Energy policy is usefully characterized by the degree to which resource nationalism and energy security are pursued. The balance achieved between these two key concepts dramatically affects global energy supplies. Over the past century, both of these ideas have played particularly significant roles in Latin America, where the oil industry first developed outside the US, and an area that continues to draw the attention of the world market. Because Latin America is a growing source of hydrocarbons for the world market, its energy policies are of increasing importance. The challenge is to understand why a country works with or against …

Fusion Of Imprecise Qualitative Information, Florentin Smarandache, Xinde Li, Xianzhong Dai, Jean Dezert

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, we present a new 2-tuple linguistic representation model, i.e. Distribution Function Model (DFM), for combining imprecise qualitative information using fusion rules drawn from Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) framework. Such new approach allows to preserve the precision and efficiency of the combination of linguistic information in the case of either equidistant or unbalanced label model. Some basic operators on imprecise 2-tuple labels are presented together with their extensions for imprecise 2-tuple labels. We also give simple examples to show how precise and imprecise qualitative information can be combined for reasoning under uncertainty. It is concluded that DSmT can deal …

Fusion Of Sources Of Evidence With Different Importances And Reliabilities, Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, J.M. Tacnet

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper presents a new approach for combining sources of evidences with different importances and reliabilities. Usually, the combination of sources of evidences with different reliabilities is done by the classical Shafer’s discounting approach. Therefore, to consider unequal importances of sources, if any, a similar reliability discounting process is generally used, making no difference between the notion of importance and reliability. In fact, in multicriteria decision context, these notions should be clearly distinguished. This paper shows how this can be done and we provide simple examples to show the differences between both solutions for managing importances and reliabilities of sources. …

Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets, Haibin Wang, Florentin Smarandache, Yanqing Zhang, Rajshekhar Sunderraman

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic set is a part of neutrosophy which studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. Neutrosophic set is a powerful general formal framework that has been recently proposed. However, neutrosophic set needs to be specified from a technical point of view. To this effect, we define the settheoretic operators on an instance of neutrosophic set, we call it single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS). We provide various properties of SVNS, which are connected to the operations and relations over SVNS.

Between Return And Resettlement: The Formation Of Iraqi Refugee "Communities" In Cairo And Amman, Emilie K. B. Minnick

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether or not there is community formation among Iraqi refugees living in Amman, Jordan and Cairo, Egypt. These two countries were chosen as case studies because they offer an opportunity to analyze how different host country conditions in the Global South have an impact on the process of community formation. While Egypt is a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention and Jordan is not, access to rights in both countries is similarly restrictive. Furthermore, whereas there has been a long history of forced migration from Iraq to Jordan and Iraqi social networks …