Digital Commons Network^™

How Much Surveillance Is Too Much? Some Thoughts On Surveillance, Democracy, And The Political Value Of Privacy, Benjamin J. Goold

All Faculty Publications

Over the past decade it has become increasingly common to speak of the emergence of a surveillance society. Surveillance is an almost inescapable part of 21st century life. There is a very real danger that individual privacy - as it is currently understood - may soon become a thing of the past. Some would argue privacy is already dead and we have no choice but to accept our newly transparent lives. For many, surveillance has become part of daily life during visit banks, stores, shopping malls, and many public streets and parks. Travel through airports subjects our bodies to physical …

Intimate Femicide: A Study Of Sentencing Trends For Men Who Kill Their Intimate Partners, Isabel Grant

All Faculty Publications

This article examines sentencing trends over the past 18 years for men who kill their intimate partners. Using a sample of 252 cases, the article demonstrates that periods of parole ineligibility for second degree murder rose significantly after the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Shropshire but have more recently levelled off to a range that is still higher than the pre-Shropshire era. With respect to manslaughter, changing social attitudes and the amendments to the Criminal Code making the spousal nature of the crime an aggravating factor have resulted in increasingly severe sentences for spousal manslaughters. While a large number …

Mr. Monk And The Emotion-Reason Dilemma, E. Deidre Pribram Ph.D.

Communications: Faculty Publications

Adrian Monk (Tony Shalhoub) belongs to a tradition of brilliant but personally flawed detectives. Like others in this tradition, including his television colleague, Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie), Monk’s genius resides in his exceptional, even excessive, rationality. Both Monk and House embody near-perfect detection or diagnostic skills. And, in both cases, the cause of their damaged personalities is excessive emotionality, represented by their respective emotional disorders. In their internal dynamics, emotion is almost always the ‘problem,’ and both shows suggest that troubled emotionality is the price Monk and House must pay for their intense brilliance.

Internalized Stigma As A Barrier To Improvement In Vocational Functioning Among People With Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders, Philip T. Yanos, Paul Lysaker, David Roe

Publications and Research

We examined the relationship between internalized stigma and changes in vocational function. Persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n=78) were assessed at baseline and 5 months after vocational rehabilitation. Internalized stigma and cognitive–behavioral treatment predicted change in vocational functioning, supporting the view that internalized stigma compromises vocational outcomes.

Labor And The Bank: Investigating The Politics Of The World Bank's Employing Workers' Index, Suzan Kang

Publications and Research

For many years, trade unions have pressured international financial organizations such as the World Bank to better incorporate protections for workers. A recent development in this contestation was the World Bank’s 2009 announcement regarding its controversial “Employing Workers Index” in its widely circulated Doing Business report. Trade unions had argued that the index, which promoted flexible labor market policies, did not respect the international norm of worker protections, and urged the World Bank to change the index. As a result, the Doing Business Group pledged to reform the Employing Workers Index and to create a new index on protecting workers. …

Se7en: Medieval Justice, Modern Justice, Valerie Allen

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Increasing Student-Teacher Interactions At An Urban Commuter Campus Through Instant Messaging And Online Office Hours, Nathan H. Lents, Oscar E. Cifuentes

Publications and Research

Encouraging first year undergraduate students in large lecture-hall classes to seek out and actively engage their professors is a perennial problem in science education. This problem is especially acute for commuter and minority populations. Thus, because personal relationships between students and professors are well known to promote student learning and academic success, fostering new ways to connect students and faculty is essential for reducing attrition at inner-city colleges. In the current study, we demonstrate that the use of instant messaging (IM) is highly effective in fostering student-teacher interactions in the lecture-hall setting of an introductory major-level biology course at John …

The Pencil, The Pin, The Table, The Bowl And The Wheel, Valerie Allen

Publications and Research

The commodity created under global capitalism originates from everywhere and seems to have been made by everyone. Endlessly fungible, it is also endlessly divisible. Analysis of the commodity reveals the indissoluble link between commodification and technologization. Although the medieval commodity is a very different kind of object, not issuing from an economy dedicated to commodity production, and being produced more regionally, the link between production and technology applies to the Middle Ages as much as it does to now. Medieval technology, in particular road-building, is commonly regarded as a regression in comparison to Roman engineering skills. I argue, however, for …

Nearest Neighbor Search With Strong Location Privacy, Stavros Papadopoulos, Spiridon Bakiras, Dimitris Papadias

Publications and Research

The tremendous growth of the Internet has significantly reduced the cost of obtaining and sharing information about individuals, raising many concerns about user privacy. Spatial queries pose an additional threat to privacy because the location of a query may be sufficient to reveal sensitive information about the querier. In this paper we focus on k nearest neighbor (kNN) queries and define the notion of strong location privacy, which renders a query indistinguishable from any location in the data space. We argue that previous work fails to support this property for arbitrary kNN search. Towards this end, we introduce methods that …

Photograph: Poet On Dust Jacket, Richmond, Virginia 1996, Alexander Long

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

How Subways And High Speed Railways Have Changed Taiwan: Transportation Technology, Urban Culture, And Social Life, Anru Lee

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Teaching The Process Of Molecular Phylogeny And Systematics: A Multi-Part Inquiry-Based Exercise, Nathan H. Lents, Oscar E. Cifuentes, Anthony Carpi

Publications and Research

Three approaches to molecular phylogenetics are demonstrated to biology students as they explore molecular data from Homo sapiens and four related primates. By analyzing DNA sequences, protein sequences, and chromosomal maps, students are repeatedly challenged to develop hypotheses regarding the ancestry of the five species. Although these exercises were designed to supplement and enhance classroom instruction on phylogeny, cladistics, and systematics in the context of a postsecondary majors-level introductory biology course, the activities themselves require very little prior student exposure to these topics. Thus, they are well suited for students in a wide range of educational levels, including a biology …

Survivalism And Public Opinion On Criminality: A Cross-National Analysis Of Prostitution, Steven Stack, Amy Adamczyk, Liqun Cao

Publications and Research

Explanations of variability in public opinion on crime have drawn disproportionately from the literature on specific symbolic orientations including religious fundamentalism and racial prejudice. In contrast, this article hypothesizes that public opinion is linked to the strength of a general cultural axis of nations: survivalism vs. self-expressionism. Data are from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey. Hierarchical modeling techniques are used to sort out the bi-level effects of survivalist culture on the approval of prostitution. Controlling for all other predictors, the personal survivalism index was the most powerful predictor of prostitution acceptability, followed by the country-level survivalism index. …

High-Cost Religion, Religious Switching, And Health, Christopher P. Scheitle, Amy Adamczyk

Publications and Research

Previous research has devoted significant attention to understanding the link between health and personal religious beliefs and practices, typically finding that more religious people tend to have better health. However, almost no attention has been given to how switching religious groups or leaving religion altogether is related to self-reported health. Due to selection and causation mechanisms, switching from high-cost groups that are theologically and culturally exclusive could be associated with poor health more than switching from other religious groups. Using data from the 1972 through 2006 General Social Surveys, we examine the relationship between health and religious switching as moderated …

Retribution And The Experience Of Punishment, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco, Jonathan S. Masur

Articles

In a prior article, we argued that punishment theorists need to take into account the counterintuitive findings from hedonic psychology about how offenders typically experience punishment. Punishment generally involves the imposition of negative experience. The reason that greater fines and prison sentences constitute more severe punishments than lesser ones is, in large part, that they are assumed to impose greater negative experience. Hedonic adaptation reduces that difference in negative experience, thereby undermining efforts to achieve proportionality in punishment. Anyone who values punishing more serious crimes more severely than less serious crimes by an appropriate amount - as virtually everyone does …

On The Rhetorical Invention Of A Failed Project: A Critical Response To Skeel's Assessment Of Christian Legal Scholarship, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Twenty-Five Maiden Ladies’ Tomb And Predicaments Of The Feminist Movement In Taiwan, Anru Lee

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Composition, Authorship, And Ownership In Flamenco, Past And Present, Peter L. Manuel

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Ethnic Differences Among Incarcerated Sex Offenders, Alejandro Leguizamo, Brooke Peltzman, Nicolas Carrasco, Michelle Nosal, Leslie Woods

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Instructions As A Safeguard Against Prosecutorial Misconduct, Judith Platania, Rachel Small

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Prosecutorial misconduct in the form of improper closing argument has been identified as a leading cause of unfairness in capital trials. The U.S. Supreme Court has indicated that arguments with the potential to unduly influence the jury should be clarified by a specific judicial instruction. The present study investigated the effectiveness of varying instructions on sentence recommendations and perceptions of improper prosecutor argument. Results indicated that the inclusion of a specific, cautionary instruction led to significantly less death penalty recommendations compared to a brief, general instruction. In addition, instructions minimized the importance of the misconduct statements on participants’ sentence recommendations. …

An Exploration Of Counselling Practices With Women Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Should Therapists Ask About Thoughts Or Behaviour Involving Sex With Children?, Angela Karen Hovey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Helping professionals and women, themselves, have been reluctant to recognize or acknowledge that females can and do sexually abuse children and adolescents. Research has also demonstrated that females most at risk to abuse children are those who were themselves victims of severe child sexual abuse (CSA) The purpose of this research was to explore whether or not current counselling practices with women survivors of CSA reflect the belief that women do not sexually abuse children. This study also focuses on whether or not therapists create space for discussion about thoughts and behaviour involving sexual abuse of children and adolescents with …

Public Interest(S) And Fourth Amendment Enforcement, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

Fourth Amendment events generate substantial controversy among the public and in the legal community. Yet there is orthodoxy to Fourth Amendment thinking, reflected in the near universal assumption by courts and commentators alike that the amendment creates only tension between privately held individual liberties and public-regarding interests in law enforcement and security. On this account, courts are faced with a clear choice when mediating Fourth Amendment conflicts: side with the individual by declaring a particular intrusion to be in violation of the Constitution or side with the public by permitting the intrusion. Scholarly literature and court decisions are accordingly littered …

National Security And The Shadows Of Judicial "Common Sense", Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

The article critiques Peter Margulies's analysis of cognitive biases in judicial decision-making within national-security cases, particularly his proposed evidentiary presumption to address these biases. While acknowledging Margulies's contribution to the discussion, the article argues that his characterization of cases and proposed solution may oversimplify the complexities of judicial deference and interventionism. It suggests that the central issue in these cases is not excessive deference or interventionism but rather the government's resistance to transparency and the disclosure of sensitive information. The article advocates for a more nuanced approach, emphasizing managed discovery processes to balance national-security concerns with constitutional rights.

Countering Persistent Contemporary Sea Piracy: Expanding Jurisdictional Regimes, Joseph M. Isanga

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

No Shortcuts On Human Rights: Bail And The International Criminal Trial, Caroline L. Davidson

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Citizenship Clause: A "Legislative History", Garrett Epps

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Incorporación De La Investigación Pedagógica A La Práctica Docente En La Universidad Iberoamericana, Carmen Caraballo

Theses and Dissertations

Respondiendo al movimiento que rescata la actividad investigativa como función esencial de toda universidad, en la Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) se dio un proceso de reforma que buscaba fortalecer la investigación. En virtud de esta reforma, los docentes debían contribuir con la nueva misión, involucrándose en actividades de investigación. Sin embargo esto no ocurría, aun ante evidencias de situaciones del aula que podrían estar siendo abordadas a través de la investigación pedagógica.

La investigación pedagógica, en su vertiente de investigación-acción, permite a los docentes mejorar la calidad de su docencia, y en ese sentido, este estudio se propuso determinar los beneficios …

My Client, The Cooperator, Lied: Now What?, Ellen Yaroshefsky

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Foreword: New Perspectives On Brady And Other Disclosure Obligations: What Really Works?, Ellen Yaroshefsky

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Nearly fifty years after the Supreme Court decided Brady v. Maryland, state and federal criminal justice systems appear less than adequate in assuring that prosecutorial disclosure obligations are met. Recent high-publicity cases have highlighted failures to disclose fundamental exculpatory evidence to the defense, whether intentional or not. A November 2009 symposium at the Cardozo School of Law - New Perspectives on Brady and Other Disclosure Obligations: What Really Works? - explored these issues in a unique framework for the criminal justice system. It considered lessons from the fields of medicine, business, psychology, and policing as to their methods for …

How System Criminality Could Exacerbate The Weaknesses Of International Criminal Law, Julian G. Ku

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

In this paper, I will first discuss the importance of the deterrence rationale to the application of international criminal law. Although deterrence may be a laudable goal, I will then suggest that the relationship between deterrence and international criminal law is woefully under-theorized and unsupported by any empirical evidence. Finally, I consider the effect of Nollkaemper's proposed shift to system criminality in light of this critique of the deterrence rationale. While in some ways my critique of the deterrence rationale supports Nollkaemper's overall recommendation, I suggest that pursuing system criminality would actually tend to worsen the problems I will identify …