Digital Commons Network^™

Is The Failure To Respond Appropriately To A Natural Disaster A Crime Against Humanity - The Responsibility To Protect And Individual Criminal Responsibility In The Aftermath Of Cyclone Nargis, Stuart Ford

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Preemption And The Public Health: How Wyeth V. Levine Stands To Change The Ways In Which We Implement Health Policy, Shane Levesque

Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Macrorestriction Analysis And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling Of Salmonella Enterica From A University Teaching Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, V. Tiong, K.L. Thong, M.Y.M. Yusof, Y.A. Hanifah, I.C. Sam, H. Hassan

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

The genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance rates of clinical Salmonella isolates (2007-2008) at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, were investigated and the genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR. XbaI-PFGE analysis generated 57 profiles (Dice coefficient, F=0.08-1.00), whereas REP-PCR using the REP primer generated only 35 (F=0.34-1.00). PFGE was therefore the more discriminative and reproducible method for assessing the genetic diversity of salmonellae. The antibiograms of 78 Salmonella isolates were assessed against 19 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method. Twenty serotypes were identified, with the most common …

Fish On The Atypical Antipsychotic Seroquel And Their Performance On An Avoidance Test, Jessica E. Burgan

Theses & ETDs

Seroquel is an antipsychotic drug that may have a positive effect on cognition. The shuttlebox avoidance task is a way to measure cognition. The goal of this experiment is to determine whether the drug Seroquel has any effect on shuttlebox avoidance. A possible mode of action of Seroquel is the reduction of stress and consequent enhancement of cognitive ability and may have clinical significance. In this study chronic stress was produced by the injection of cortisol. In this study, sixty-four subjects were randomly assigned to four groups of 16 fish: 1) fish given Seroquel in aquarium water and injected with …

Wildlife Rehabilitation In Southwest Florida A Study Of The Conservation Provided By Rehabilitation Centers, Katherine Elenore French

Theses & ETDs

Southwest Florida is in peril of losing vertebrate biodiversity due to recent local environmental changes caused by humans. The alterations, which include habitat loss, fragmentation, and alteration, affect nearly every aspect of the unique ecosystems found there including species diversity and trophic level interactions. Changes to these integral aspects of the ecosystems have dramatic effects on which taxa can continue to survive and be present in the locale and which become rare. The databases of three Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers in Southwest Florida are analyzed to understand what conservation services are provided by community run centers to those species designated as …

School Of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences: 2010 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

On September 4, 2009, The Department of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences was renamed the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. The School is informally organized into six functional areas: • Undergraduate Teaching • Research and Graduate Studies • Extension • Veterinary Diagnostic Center (VDC) • Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center (GPVEC) • Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine (PPVM) While teaching and research activities bridge the entire faculty, subsets of the faculty are primarily involved with one area, i.e., the undergraduate program, the research and graduate program, the veterinary medical students clinical teaching at the GPVEC, the pre-clinical teaching …

The International Limits And Population At Risk Of Plasmodium Vivax Transmission In 2009, Carlos A. Guerra, Rosalind E. Howes, Anand P. Patil, Peter W. Gething, Thomas P. Van Boeckel, William H. Temperley, Caroline W. Kabaria, Andrew J. Tatem, Bui H. Manh, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, J. Kevin Baird, Robert W. Snow, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: A research priority for Plasmodium vivax malaria is to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of risk and its relationship with the burden of P. vivax disease in human populations. The aim of the research outlined in this article is to provide a contemporary evidence-based map of the global spatial extent of P. vivax malaria, together with estimates of the human population at risk (PAR) of any level of transmission in 2009.

Methodology: The most recent P. vivax case-reporting data that could be obtained for all malaria endemic countries were used to classify risk into three …

Evaluation Of Chloroquine Therapy For Vivax And Falciparum Malaria In Southern Sumatra, Western Indonesia, Inge Sutanto, Dedeh Endawati, Liem Hui Ling, Ferdinand Laihad, Rianto Setiabudy, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Chloroquine was used as first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax in Indonesia before the initial launch of artemisinin combination therapy in 2004. A study to evaluate efficacies of chloroquine against P. falciparum and P. vivax was undertaken at Lampung in southern Sumatra, western Indonesia in 2002.

Methods: Patients infected by P. falciparum or P. vivax were treated with 25 mg/kg chloroquine base in three daily doses over 48 hr. Finger prick blood was collected on Days 0, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after starting drug administration. Whole blood chloroquine and its desethyl metabolite were measured …

The International Limits And Population At Risk Of Plasmodium Vivax Transmission In 2009, Carlos A. Guerra, Rosalind E. Howes, Anand P. Patil, Peter W. Gething, Thomas P. Van Boeckel, William H. Temperley, Caroline W. Kabaria, Andrew J. Tatem, Bui H. Manh, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, J. Kevin Baird, Robert W. Snow, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: A research priority for Plasmodium vivax malaria is to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of risk and its relationship with the burden of P. vivax disease in human populations. The aim of the research outlined in this article is to provide a contemporary evidence-based map of the global spatial extent of P. vivax malaria, together with estimates of the human population at risk (PAR) of any level of transmission in 2009.

Methodology: The most recent P. vivax case-reporting data that could be obtained for all malaria endemic countries were used to classify risk into three classes: malaria …

The Highly Virulent Variola And Monkeypox Viruses Express Secreted Inhibitors Of Type I Interferon, María Del Mar Ferna´Ndez De Marco, Alí Alejo, Paul Hudson, Inger K. Damon, Antonio Alcami

United States Public Health Resources

Variola virus (VARV) caused smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases and the first to be eradicated, but its deliberate release represents a dangerous threat. Virulent orthopoxviruses infecting humans, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV), could fill the niche left by smallpox eradication and the cessation of vaccination. However, immunomodulatory activities and virulence determinants of VARV and MPXV remain largely unexplored. We report the molecular characterization of the VARV- and MPXV-secreted type I interferon-binding proteins, which interact with the cell surface after secretion and prevent type I interferon responses. The proteins expressed in the baculovirus system have been purified, and …

Toxoplasma Gondii: Epidemiology, Feline Clinical Aspects, And Prevention, Stacey A. Elmore, Jeffrey L. Jones, Patricia A. Conrad, Sharon Patton, David S. Lindsay, J. P. Dubey

United States Public Health Resources

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of birds and mammals. Cats are the only definitive host and thus the only source of infective oocysts, but other mammals and birds can develop tissue cysts. Although feline infections are typically asymptomatic, infection during human pregnancy can cause severe disease in the fetus. Cat owners can reduce their pets’ exposure risk by keeping all cats indoors and not feeding them raw meat. Humans usually become infected through ingestion of oocyst-contaminated soil and water, tissue cysts in undercooked meat, or congenitally. Because of their fastidious nature, the passing of non-infective oocysts, and the short duration …

The Health Information Technology Provisions In The American Recovery And Reinvestment Act Of 2009, Taylor Burke

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

This installment of Law and the Public’s Health explores the comprehensive reforms contained in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose implementation is expected to transform the use of health information technology as part of Medicare, Medicaid, and public health practice.

Epizootiologic Survey Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Wildlife And Farm Environments In Northern Michigan, Gary W. Witmer, Amanda E. Fine, James Gionfriddo, Michael Pipas, Kirk Shively, Kim Piccolo, Patrick Burke

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has reemerged in northern Michigan, USA, with detections in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 1994 and in cattle in 1998. Since then, significant efforts have been directed toward reducing deer densities in the area in the hopes of reducing the bovine TB prevalence rate in deer and eliminating spillover of the disease into cattle. Despite the success of the efforts to reduce deer densities, additional cattle herds have become infected. Other mammals can be infected with M. bovis, and some carnivores and omnivores had been found to be infected …

Prevalence Of Hepatitis B And C Viral Infections In Pakistan: Findings Of A National Survey Appealing For Effective Prevention And Control Measures, H Qureshi, K M. Bile, Rashid Jooma, S E. Alam, H U R. Afridi

Section of Neurosurgery

A prevalence survey on hepatitis B and C infections was carried out to obtain national estimates and assess epidemiological dynamics and underlying risk factors. Overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) of 2.5% and 4.8%, respectively, reflected a combined infection rate of 7.6% in the general population, consistent with an ongoing high burden of chronic liver disease (CLD). There was significant association of these viral infections with a range of risk factors led by reuse of syringes. These findings validate currently implemented strategies by the national programme for the control of hepatitis viral infections, …

Predicting Crime, M. Todd Henderson, Justin Wolfers, Eric Zitzewitz

Articles

Prediction markets have been proposed for a variety of public policy purposes, but no one has considered their application in perhaps the most obvious policy area.: crime. This Article proposes and examines the use of prediction markets to forecast crime rates and the potential impact on crime policy, such as changes in resource allocation, policing strategies, sentencing, post-conviction treatment, and so on. First, we argue that prediction markets are especially useful in crime rate forecasting and criminal policy analysis because information relevant to decisionmakers is voluminous, dispersed, and difficult to process efficiently. After surveying the current forecasting practices and techniques, …

Collective Human Rights: Public Health V. Structural And Ecological Violence (The Example Of Ecuador V. Colombia), Laura Westra

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

"Public health and safety are not simply the aggregate of each individual's interest in health and safety .... Public health and safety are community or group interests."

The Essential Role Of Social Work In Addressing Victims And Survivors Of Trafficking, Nancie Palmer

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

"All persons held as slaves ... are and henceforth free."' The orders from President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation first issued on September twenty-second in 1862 while limited in scope freeing certain slaves, served to ignite imagination and pride in those who now look back in history at this defining event.

Monitoring Coral Reefs From Space, C. M. Eakin, C. J. Nim, R. E. Brainard, C. Aubrecht, C. Elvidge, D. K. Gledhill, Frank E. Muller-Karger, P. J. Mumby, W. J. Skirving, A. E. Strong, M. Wang, S. Weeks, F. Wentz, D. Ziskin

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Coral reefs are one of the world's most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems. However, these valuable resources are highly threatened by human activities. Satellite remotely sensed observations enhance our understanding of coral reefs and some of the threats facing them by providing global spatial and time-series data on reef habitats and the environmental conditions influencing them in near-real time. This review highlights many of the ways in which satellites are currently used to monitor coral reefs and their threats, and provides a look toward future needs and capabilities.

Cerebral Abscess Caused By Aggregatibacter Aphrophilus, Sudheer P. Ahamed, Sanjiv Lath, Gerald J. Degabriele, Vivin T. Mathew

Neurosciences

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus was previously known as Haemophilus aphrophilus and is a rare cause of disease in humans. A recent reclassification of these organisms has placed them in the new genus of Aggregatibacter species. The organism seems to be a normal component of oral flora and has been reported to cause endocarditis, sinusitis, pneumonia, empyema, soft tissue abscess, meningitis, vertebral discitis, and septic arthritis. Brain abscess due to Aggregatibacter is rare. We report a case of cerebral abscess due to Aggregatibacter aphrophilus and discuss the characteristics of this organism.

Failure Of Physicians To Prescribe Pharmacotherapies For Addiction: Regulatory Restrictions And Physician Resistance, Ellen M. Weber

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Commentary On Achim Steiner's 2009 Grotius Lecture, Dinah Shelton

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Looking Back, Moving Forward: Access To Antiretroviral Therapy For Hiv Infected Adults And Children In Developing Countries: Horizons Studies, 2002 To 2008, Avina Sarna, Scott E. Kellerman

HIV and AIDS

In 1997, the Population Council initiated the Horizons Program—a decade-long USAID-funded collaboration with the International Center for Research on Women, the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, PATH, Tulane University, Family Health International, and Johns Hopkins University—designing, implementing, evaluating, and expanding innovative strategies for HIV prevention and care. Horizons developed and tested ways to optimize HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs; worked to reduce stigma and improve gender-biased behaviors; and greatly expanded knowledge about the best ways to support, protect, and treat children affected by HIV and AIDS. In all its projects, Horizons strengthened the capacity of local institutions by providing support and …

Did Dr. Abe Sell His Soul? The Defamation Case In Japan's Hiv-Tainted Blood Scandal, Rebecca R. Carlson

Washington International Law Journal

Is Japan a “paradise for the press?” Or is robust discourse on matters of public interest in Japan stifled because of defamation laws that heavily favor the plaintiff? Kamakami v. Sakurai, as one of the final events in Japan’s HIV-tainted blood scandal, is a provocative and illustrative chapter in the freedom of press and defamation law in Japan. In the early 1980s, hemophiliacs faced an HIV epidemic. When researchers concluded the HIV virus could be transferred by blood, they recognized that the blood products created from plasma pooled from hundreds of donors used to treat hemophiliacs could carry the …

Comparative Evaluation Of Clinical Samples From Naturally Infected Dogs For Early Detection Of Canine Distemper Virus, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Masood Rabbani, Arfan Ahmad, Ali̇ Ahmed, Khushi Muhammad, Ikram Anwar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Early detection of canine distemper (CD) is critical for appropriate and timely treatment. The present study included 45 suspected cases with respiratory signs for a comparative evaluation of clinical samples in the early detection of canine distemper virus (CDV). Thirty-four dogs exhibited digestive system involvement, but none showed any neurological symptoms. Clinical progression of CD, based on age, sex, vaccination status, disease, and clinical findings, was observed. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect viral nucleoprotein RNA in plasma, conjunctival and nasal swabs. Only 10 dogs were positive for CDV infection. Among the 45 dogs, CDV RNA …

Reach Through Royalties As A Workaround For Patent Exhaustion, Patrick Hagan

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

Reach through royalties (RTRs) allow companies that license patented research tools to profit from inventions created by others using these tools. Support for RTRs is split; some disfavor them for their potential anti-commons effects, while others believe RTRs provide important services, such as research tool valuation. This piece argues that RTRs should be allowed, outlining their current use in the United States and the financial implications for both tool licensers and researchers.

Imprisonment And (Inequality In) Population Health, Christopher Wildeman

University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series

This article extends research on the consequences of mass imprisonment and the factors shaping population health and health inequities by considering the effects of the imprisonment rate on population health and black-white inequality in population health using state-level panel data from the United States (1980-2004). My results imply that increases in the imprisonment rate harm population health, though the effects on the infant mortality rate and female life expectancy are more consistent than are the effects on male life expectancy. My results also imply that these health effects are concentrated among blacks, implicating mass imprisonment in the persistence of black-white …

Medicine@Yale January/February 2010 Volume 6, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Moving Global Health Law Upstream: A Critical Appraisal Of Global Health Law As A Tool For Health Adaptation To Climate Change, Lindsay Wiley

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The relatively new discipline of global health law is a potentially powerful tool for promoting health adaptation to climate change. Unfortunately, global climate change will intensify exactly those health threats that have not been adequately addressed by multilateral cooperation with respect to health in the past, which has been dominated by security-based and treatment-focused approaches. Recent focus on biosecurity concerns such as the global spread of emerging infectious diseases and biological terrorism has further entrenched a security-based approach to global health law and policy that has origins in the earliest attempts at international health cooperation and is currently embodied in …

Assessing The Impact Of Federal Law On Public Health Preparedness, Lindsay Wiley, Ben Berkman, Susan C. Kim

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Linear Enamel Hypoplasia At Santa Rita Corozal, Belize, Andrew Peter Tetlow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The focus of this thesis is an analysis of a sample of dentition collected from the Postclassic Maya site of Santa Rita Corozal in Northern Belize. The goal of this study is to determine what the presence (or absence) of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH) can demonstrate about the general health (i.e. stress, disease, nutrition, and weaning age) and social status of a single subset of the Late Postclassic (900-1500 CE) Maya living at Santa Rita Corozal. Specifically, this thesis focuses on dentition of thirteen individuals from a large Postclassic platform group. The sample consists of sub-adult and adult female dentition …