Digital Commons Network^™

Maternal Age At Birth And Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis Of 30 Observational Studies, Chris R. Cardwell, Lars C. Stene, Geir Joner, Max K. Bulsara, Ondrej Cinek, Joachim Rosenbauer, Johnny Ludvigsson, Mireia Jané, Jannet Svensson, Michael J. Goldacre, Thomas Waldhoer, Przamyslawa Jarosz-Chobot, Suely Ga Gimeno, Lee-Ming Chuang, Roger C. Parslow, Emma Jk Wadsworth, Amanda Chetwynd, Paolo Pozzilli, Girts Brigis, Brone Urbonaitė, Sandra Sipetic, Edith Schober, Gabriele Devoti, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Carine E. De Beaufort, Denka Stoyanov, Karsten Buschard, Chris C. Patterson

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: To investigate whether children born to older mothers have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes by performing a meta-analysis using individual patient data to adjust for recognised confounders.

Research design and methods: Relevant studies published before June 2009 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. Authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide individual patient data or conduct pre-specified analyses. Risk estimates of type 1 diabetes by category of maternal age were calculated for each included study, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios, and investigate …

The Discourses Of Higher Education In Ireland: Religion, Nationalism And Economic Development, Nora French

Level 3

This paper will trace the discourses used in university education in Ireland from the founding of Trinity College in the sixteenth century, to Newman’s Idea of the University (1996) in the nineteenth century, the impact of the independence and nationalist movement in the early part of the twentieth century and finally, from the late 1950s on, the gradual turn towards the economic dimension, where education has progressively been perceived as a vital component in developing the wealth of the country, in providing a well-educated workforce to allow for economic and industrial development

Clarifying Matters: Developing Academic Literacy In College Freshmen, Karol Anderson

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

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Effects Of Peer-Mediated Vocabulary Intervention On Science Achievement Of Seventh Grade Students With And Without Learning Disabilities, Julie Green

All Dissertations

Vocabulary knowledge is critical for accessing content-area information for students with learning disabilities who receive instruction in general education content-area classes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a peer-mediated science vocabulary intervention in general education classrooms on academic achievement of seventh-grade students with and without learning disabilities. A quasi-experimental design with multiple pre- and posttest measures was used to determine the effects of the intervention and whether the intervention was differentially effective for students with learning disabilities compared to their nondisabled peers. The study included 8 teacher participants and 675 student participants in 41 …

“Decision Rules” And Kids: Clarifying The Vagueness Problems With Status Offense Statutes And School Disciplinary Rules, Martin R. Gardner

Nebraska Law Review

Because they are dependent and vulnerable, young people have long been the recipients of governmental policies and legal measures aimed at promoting their welfare and protecting them in circumstances of perceived need. Through its parens patriae power, the state routinely maintains a paternalistic posture in its interactions with minors in hopes of assisting their development into mature and responsible adulthood. In similar fashion, governmentally employed educators are often loosely deemed to act in loco parentis and thus are sometimes thought to assume a quasi-parental relationship with their students. Juveniles are thus the recipients of unique legal attention in a variety …

Voluntary Confessions: An Examination Of The Need To Restore A Pure Voluntary Confession Rule In Corley V. United States, 129 S. Ct. 1558 (2009), Christopher M. Reid

Nebraska Law Review

This Note examines the Supreme Court’s decision in Corley, comparing the reasoning for the decision with the reasoning for the opposite conclusion, adopted by the dissent and many circuits. Part II provides the background of the McNabb-Mallory decision, Congress’ response and intent in 18 U.S.C. § 3501, and how section 3501 has been interpreted by the lower federal courts. Part III argues for the adoption of the dissent’s view by examining various reasons compelling its conclusion. These include the legislative intent of section 3501, the negative implications created by the holding in Corley, and policy reasons that favor …

Leveraging Grant-Making—Part 2: Aligning Programmatic Approaches With Complex System Dynamics, David Peter Stroh, Kathleen A. Zurcher

The Foundation Review

· The purpose of this two-part article is to enable foundations to increase the leverage of their grantmaking resources by working effectively with the dynamics of complex social systems.

· This article examines how foundations can align planning, implementation, and evaluation efforts with the behavior of the social systems they seek to improve.

· Asking powerful questions of staff, board, grantees, and other stakeholders helps to transform how they think about their goals and strategies.

· In addition to using the power of questioning, foundations function more systemically by suspending their assumptions about their effectiveness and what is possible, creating …

When Selling Your Personal Name Mark Extends To Selling Your Soul, Yvette Joy Liebesman

All Faculty Scholarship

Identifying one’s business with one’s personal name has long been a practice in the United States. As Personal Name Marks have become increasingly commodified, however, bargaining and deal-making has led more and more to transfers of rights which had previously been considered to be closely tied to the individual as a private person. This article posits that freedom of contract doctrine should not allow the complete alienation of all aspects of one’s name, but rather there should be limitations on how far parties may bargain, so that the purchaser cannot acquire the right to control the seller’s private activities. This …

You Are And You Ain't: Redneck Literature And The Imposition Of Identity, Matthew Joseph Ferrence

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Redneck images pervade contemporary American culture and provide a pattern for national behavior. As globalization and multiculturalism change the demographics of the nation, covert Redneck codes enforce previous hegemonies of race, class, and gender. Imbued with incontestable American character, the Redneck becomes an ideological force capable of defending the nation from destabilizing cultural incursions. The maintenance of these Redneck codes relies on the continued reassertion of Southern and Appalachian stereotypes, since these regions must be maintained as authentic homelands for the identity character.;In this project, I locate a literary genealogy for the American Redneck and examine the roots and function …

Women And Math Performance: The Effects Of Stereotype Threat, Math Identity, And Gender Identity, Felicia W. Chu

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Discernment Process Of The Sisters Of Saint Dominic Regarding The Continued Sponsorship Of Its Secondary Schools, Sr. Patricia Tavis

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Effect Of Kindergarten Entry Age On Academic Achievement, Nicole A. Buten

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Attributes Of Effective Lecturers Of English As A Foreign Language As Perceived By Students In A Korean University, Bruce D. Barnes, Graeme Lock

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This study, conducted in a Korean university setting, examines student beliefs about the attributes of effective lecturers[1] of English as a foreign language. Student opinions about rapport and delivery type attributes are particularly informative. Rapport attributes were the major focus of discussion and viewed as particularly important in Korean university contexts where student anxiety about interacting in English often inhibits effective English language learning. Discussion about delivery attributes was generally supportive of participatory modes of instruction, but contained different views about how aggressively lecturers should enlist participation. The beliefs of Korean university students revealed in this study can, if seen …

The Effect Of Problem Posing Oriented Analyses-Ii Course On The Attitudes Toward Mathematics And Mathematics Self-Efficacy Of Elementary Prospective Mathematics Teachers, Hayri Akay, Nihat Boz

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Research on mathematics teaching and learning has recently focused on affective variables, which were found to play an essential role that influences behaviour and learning. Despite its importance, problem posing has not yet received the attention it warrants from the mathematics education community. Perceived self-efficacy beliefs have been found to be a strong predictor of mathematical performance, while problem posing is considered to be a fundamental ability in mathematical learning. On the other hand majority of research in this area present a positive relation between attitude toward mathematics and success. Therefore, it is shown that attitude toward mathematics is a …

Preparing Pre-Service Teachers For Multicultural Classrooms, Jessica Aimée Premier, Jenny Miller

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Cultural diversity is evident throughout schools in Victoria, Australia. Many students are new arrivals from war-torn countries including Sudan, Afghanistan and Iraq. To what extent do teacher training courses in Victoria prepare pre-service teachers to cater for the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) students? This paper reports findings from a qualitative study on pre-service preparation for teaching CALD students in mainstream secondary schools. It investigated ways in which CALD student needs are addressed in secondary teaching courses in Victoria. Data included course outlines, questionnaires completed by forty-one final year pre-service teachers, and interviews with four final year pre-service …

The Competencies Of An English Teacher: Beginning Student Teachers’ Perceptions, Sorrel Penn-Edwards

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This paper presents the results of a survey conducted with first year Education students at a Queensland university on the levels of competency in literacies expected for teachers in schools. Eight aspects were chosen to be examined to discover the skill levels students thought to be essential for effective teaching and to compare these with their estimation of their own skill level; spelling and grammar competency rated the highest, ICT/computing and visual aspects the lowest for teachers. Students rated their own spelling competency at the highest level and knowledge of genre the lowest. They were asked how they intended to …

Philosophical And Pedagogical Patterns Of Beliefs Among Vietnamese And Australian Mathematics Preservice Teachers: A Comparative Study, Bao Hiep Ly, Christine Brew

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Swayed by global pressures and poor international academic standing, Vietnam in 2002 initiated further school-wide curriculum change reflecting a student-centred reform agenda. Initial research on implementation is producing mixed results. One explanation is a mismatch with a Confucian Heritage Culture as a social-constructivist philosophy may counter the traditional widespread teacher-centred classrooms in Vietnam. School mathematics is often regarded as culture-independent as similar topics are taught across nations. We take as a premise that the adoption of the reform agenda is a worthwhile goal. Presented are the findings of a small scale study that set out to explore antecedent philosophical predispositions …

Pre-Service Primary Teachers’ Perceptions Of Early Childhood Philosophy And Pedagogy: A Case Study Examination, Alison Lord, Laura Mcfarland

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This study examined the experiences of three primary teacher education students participating in early childhood-focused community play sessions, as well as their perceptions of early childhood and primary philosophy and pedagogy. The purpose was to explore perceived differences in primary and early childhood pre-service teacher courses, which may then translate to differences in approaches to pedagogy in the field. Three pre-service teachers participated in a weekly community play session on a rural university campus in NSW, Australia. As these students had been educated in primary education pedagogy, a focus group interview was conducted to gain insights to their experiences in …

Reciprocal Mentoring Residencies … Better Transitions To Teaching, Lisa Paris

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

The 2007 "Top of the Class" report on the Inquiry into Teacher Education in Australia found teacher induction failure and high attrition rates were endemic in most Australian states. Mentoring was advocated as an important mechanism for countering the debilitating drain attrition exerted on the profession (more than 30% within the first years in most developed nations). Reciprocal mentoring represents a departure from traditional mentoring arrangements in that it aligns two professionals with skills of equivalent importance and stature but in different discipline areas/domains. The importance of "reciprocity" in sustaining mentoring relationships is a distinctive theme in the conceptual framework …

Attitudes Toward Communication Skills Among Students’-Teachers’ In Jordanian Public Universities, Fathi M. Ihmeideh, Aieman Ahmad Al-Omari, Kholoud A. Al-Dababneh

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

The present study was carried out to determine the positive and negative attitudes among 289 students of class teachers and childhood teachers' disciplines using the communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) in Jordanian public universities. GPA, year level of students were recorded. Overall results of study revealed that the mean of positive attitude score was 4.03. The mean of negative attitude scale score was 3.63. There were no significant differences between class teachers and childhood teachers students in their positive and negative attitudes toward communication skills. Students with grade point averages 2 and more have positive attitudes toward communication skills than …

Training English Language Student Teachers To Become Reflective Teachers, Ali Al-Issa, Ali Al-Bulushi

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Reflective teaching practice has become a central theme in professional growth at the pre-service teacher education level almost everywhere. English language teaching (ELT) teacher trainers, like any other teacher trainers, have a powerful role to play in fostering reflection in their student teachers through the approaches and strategies they incorporate in their training, which can have implications related to the perceived worth of reflective practice. This quantitative study describes the responses of 90 final-year ELT student teachers and eight of their trainers at Sultan Qaboos University in the Sultanate of Oman, to a survey about the roles, approaches and strategies …

Towards A Classroom Pedagogy For Learner Autonomy: A Framework Of Independent Language Learning Skills, Hayo Reinders

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

In recent years there has been a growing recognition of the importance of learner autonomy and the role of individual learners in directing their own learning process, both inside and outside the classroom (Alford & Pachler, 2007; Benson, 2000; Breen, 2001; Conacher & Kelly-Holmes, 2007). However, in practice it is not always clear how to support learners in this role, and how to ensure they are ready to assume it. This paper explores some of the teaching aspects related to the development of learner autonomy and proposes a framework of skills that could be used by teachers as a guide …

“My Two Masters”: Conflict, Contestation, And Identity Construction Within A Teaching Practicum, John Trent

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This paper reports the results of a qualitative study into the teaching practice experiences of eight preservice English language teachers in Hong Kong. Using in-depth interviews, the preservice teachers’ practicum experiences are explored in terms of their understandings of the requirements of their teacher education institution and their teaching placement school, their relations with full time teachers within their placement schools, as well as their own beliefs about the teaching and learning of the English language. A contribution of this study is to examine these experiences through the lens of teacher identity construction. Results indicated that participants constructed rigid divisions …

A Partnership In Induction And Mentoring: Noticing How We Improve Our Practice, Juilianne Moss

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This article focuses on the induction and mentoring of early career teachers. The context is a suburban primary school in Victoria, Australia, as the school develops mentoring networks for graduate and beginning teachers. Instigated from a school–university partnership, the research draws from the traditions of practitioner research. In the research design and likewise in successful mentoring the importance of a genuine commitment to the discipline of reflective practice or what we have come to describe as “ noticing ” (Mason, 2002; Moss et al., 2004) is illustrated. The approach offers a new method for small scale–close up research in teacher …

The Impact On Final Year Pre-Service Secondary Teachers Of A Unit In Teaching Literacy And Numeracy Across The Curriculum, Paul White, Maya Cranitch

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Addressing literacy and numeracy as social practices in different teaching content areas create challenges for teachers and teacher education. Literacy and numeracy skills and understandings are generally addressed incidentally in teacher education courses and often overlooked by teachers in secondary schools. This paper reports on a study which examined the impact of a unit called ‘Curriculum Literacies’ in the final year of a Secondary Bachelor of Teaching/ Bachelor of Arts course. The unit developed students’ personal skills and understanding of literacy and numeracy and their application to teaching in particular discipline areas. Findings show the unit had positive effects on …

Meeting The Standards? Exploring Preparedness For Teaching, Karen Swabey, Geraldine Castleton, Dawn Penney

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This research focused on the perceptions of pre-service and beginning health and physical education (HPE) teachers in relation to their preparedness for teaching. A questionnaire was designed to engage with teacher professional standards addressing (i), professional knowledge; (ii), professional relationships and (iii), professional practice. Follow-up interviews with randomly-selected teachers facilitated deeper interrogation of the issues. Findings indicated that both groups felt that their training had prepared them well in relation to most elements of the three aspects of the professional standards. Pre-service teachers had concerns with some elements of professional knowledge: specifically, knowledge and understanding of numeracy, ICT and literacy …

Preparing Quality Teachers: Making Learning Visible, Felicity Mcardle

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Teacher quality is recognised as a lynchpin for education reforms internationally, and both Federal and State governments in Australia have turned their attention to teacher education institutions: the starting point for preparing quality teachers. Changes to policy and shifts in expectations impact on Faculties of Education, despite the fact that little is known about what makes a quality teacher preparation program effective. New accountability measures, mandated Professional Standards, and proposals to test all graduates before registration, mean that teacher preparation programs need capacity for flexibility and responsiveness. The risk is that undergraduate degree programs can become ‘patchwork quilts’ with traces …

Chinese Teachers’ Views On The Increasing Use Of Putonghua As A Medium Of Instruction In Hong Kong Schools, Xuesong (Andy) Gao, Pamela Pui-Wan Leung, John Trent

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

The use of a particular language as medium of instruction (MOI) is a complex issue in multilingual and post-colonial contexts such as Hong Kong, on which teachers’ voices are often neglected. To capture their voices, this paper reports on an interpretive inquiry of eight experienced Chinese teachers’ professional experiences with a focus on their perceptions concerning the increasing use of Putonghua as MOI in Chinese classes in Hong Kong. Through a collaborative interpretative process, the study revealed a wide spectrum of perceptions including reservations and enthusiasm for the switch to Putonghua as MOI. The findings suggest that the participants’ perceptions …

Learner Autonomy In Language Learning: Student Teachers’ Beliefs, Cem Balçıkanlı

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This paper aims to investigate student teachers’ beliefs about learner autonomy in the Turkish educational context. In a study in the ELT Department, Gazi University, a questionnaire developed by Camilleri (1997) was administered to 112 student teachers. Twenty volunteer student teachers were interviewed in groups to identify their further general attitudes towards learner autonomy. The overall study findings indicate that student teachers are positive towards the adoption of learner autonomy principles. Most student teachers, however, do not want their future students to take part in the decision making process concerning the time and place of the course and the textbooks …

Self As Teacher: Preliminary Role Identification Of The Potential Teaching Candidate, Lisa A. Gross, Shanan Fitts, Tracy Goodson-Espy, Ann-Marie Clark

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

In this study, the researchers used qualitative surveys to explore potential teaching candidates’ preliminary perceptions of self as teacher and examine how roles are identified, defined and constructed in the context of a tutoring lab that provides support to English Language Learners. Prospective candidates’ perceptions of their tutees, children whose cultural identities and backgrounds differ from their own, are also examined. Findings indicate participants’ teaching identities and conceptualizations of their roles as teachers became more specific and elaborated over the course of the semester. Additionally, the significance of multiple practicum experiences in diverse settings for ongoing identity development and for …