Digital Commons Network^™

Foraging Behaviour And Brain Morphology In Recently Emerged Brook Charr, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Robert L. Mclaughlin

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Boldness And Intermittent Locomotion In The Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis Macrochirus, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Jean Guy J. Godin

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Expression Profiling And Cross-Species Rna Interference (Rnai) Of Desiccation-Induced Transcripts In The Anhydrobiotic Nematode Aphelenchus Avenae, W Reardon, S Chakrabortee, Tc Pereira, T Tyson, Mc Banton, Km Dolan, Ba Culleton, Mj Wise, Am Burnell, A Tunnacliffe

School of Biomedical Sciences

AbstractBackgroundSome organisms can survive extreme desiccation by entering a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis. The free-living mycophagous nematodeAphelenchus avenaecan be induced to enter anhydrobiosis by pre-exposure to moderate reductions in relative humidity (RH) prior to extreme desiccation. This preconditioning phase is thought to allow modification of the transcriptome by activation of genes required for desiccation tolerance.ResultsTo identify such genes, a panel of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) enriched for sequences upregulated inA. avenaeduring preconditioning was created. A subset of 30 genes with significant matches in databases, together with a number of apparently novel sequences, were chosen for further study. …

Peatland Restoration. Report To Iucn Uk Peatland Programme., Paul Lunt, T Allott, P Anderson, M Buckler, A Coupar, P Jones, J Labadz, P Worrall

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The focus of this review paper is on peatland restoration, in particular what are the policies,present drivers and examples of best practice within the UK. The aim is to review opportunitiesand constraints to peatland restoration and make recommendations which could be used toinform future policy.Peatlands are wetlands in which restoration typically has three main aims. Firstly, to managevegetation more effectively to restore sites and their conservation features to favourablecondition; secondly, where feasible, to restore peat formation; and finally appropriatemanagement of water (chiefly peat wetness, but also water quality, runoff volume and timing)Vegetation management occurs on a continuum from the vegetation …

Risk, Rescue And Emergency Services: The Changing Spatialities Of Mountain Rescue Teams In England And Wales, Richard Yarwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Ecology Of Seamounts: Structure, Function, And Human Impacts., Malcolm R. Clark, Ashley A. Rowden, Thomas Schlacher, Alan Williams, Mireille Consalvey, Karen I. Stocks, Alex D. Rogers, Timothy D. O'Hara, Martin White, Timothy M. Shank, Jason M. Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

In this review of seamount ecology, we address a number of key scientific issues concerning the structure and function of benthic communities, human impacts, and seamount management and conservation. We consider whether community composition and diversity differ between seamounts and continental slopes, how important dispersal capabilities are in seamount connectivity, what environmental factors drive species composition and diversity, whether seamounts are centers of enhanced biological productivity, and whether they have unique trophic architecture. We discuss how vulnerable seamount communities are to fishing and mining, and how we can balance exploitation of resources and conservation of habitat. Despite considerable advances in …

Seamounts As Refugia From Ocean Acidification For Cold-Water Stony Corals, Derek P. Tittensor, Amy R. Baco, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, James C. Orr, Alex D. Rogers

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Brazilian Agricultural Property Policies And International Pressures On The Soybean Industry: Incentives For Amazon Deforestation And How It May Be Reduced, Tyler E. Hazen

San Diego Journal of Climate & Energy Law

This Article begins in Part II with an overview of the Amazonian environment and the rise of soybeans as a lucrative export product. Part III discusses how Brazilian property law and land use culture has facilitated transformation of land for cultivation and ultimately, deforestation. Part IV discusses international reaction to Brazil’s sovereignty over the Amazon, including European import practices such as protectionism, desire for hormone-free products, as well as market incentives for soy raised on land that was not deforested. Finally, Part V offers solutions for working within the current system, aggressively supporting the policies against deforestation while respecting the …

The Situated Production Of Stories, David Greatbatch, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

At a general level storytelling is a pervasive feature of everyday discourse both within and outside organisations. Existing research on organisational stories indicates that they are not simply frivolous diversions that seek to amaze and entertain the recipients. Rather they may serve a number of important functions for organisations, which include socialising new organisational members by articulating the culture of an organisation; assisting with the development and verbalisation of visions and strategies; helping develop points of similarity within disparate and dispersed organisational groups; sustaining and legitimating existing power relationships as well as providing opportunities for resistance against them; and acting …

Investigation Of The Fate And Effects Of Acetyl Cedrene On Capitella Teleta And Sediment Bacterial Community, Lea Ellegaard-Petersen, Henriette Selck, Anders Priemé, Daniel Salvito, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

The fate of the fragrance material, acetyl cedrene (AC), in sediment was examined in a 16 day laboratory experiment using the sediment microbial community subjected to the following treatments: AC (nominal concentration; 0 and 50 μg g−1 dw sediment) and macrofaunal worms (with/without Capitella teleta (formerly Capitella sp. I)). Furthermore effects of AC on microbial respiration in the system were determined by examining CO₂ flux. T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) was used to analyze PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplified 16S DNA gene fragments from the sediments to detect changes in the structure and diversity of the bacterial community. …

Justice And Forgiveness In The Family, R. John

International Journal of Servant-Leadership

The presence of a committed alcoholic/addict in the midst of a family has a profound effect on the family's structure and dynamic. Over time in such an environment, a web of frustration, disappointment, shattered hope, bitter resentment, unmet expectations, and mutually debilitating codependency is woven, enmeshing equally the alcoholic and his loved ones. This pattern is nearly universal, and yet many if not most alcoholics proceed for years thinking that it does not apply to them. I was no different. For fifteen years, from my first drink at age fifteen until my last at age thirty, my progressive alcoholism was …

Representing The Rhinoceros: The Royal Society Between Art And Science In The Eighteenth Century, Craig A. Hanson

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Discrepancies between the empirical evidence of single-horned rhinoceroses witnessed by Europeans and references from antiquity regarding double-horned rhinos puzzled members of the Royal Society for decades, particularly the circle of physicians around Drs Richard Mead and Hans Sloane. Three articles published in the Philosophical Transactions proposing solutions to the two-horned dilemma and the kinds of evidence onwhich they depended raised crucial issues for the Royal Society during the period - antiquarian concerns tied to philology, numismatics, textual emendation and collecting as well as the conceptual overlap between medical theory and the knowledge of the ancient world generally. © 2010 British …

Safety Evaluations Of The Cry1ia1 Protein Found In The Transgenic Potato 'Spuntag2', Hector Quemada, Kelly Zarka, Walter Pett, Gurling Bothma

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The transgenic potato 'SpuntaG2' (Solanum tuberosum), which is resistant to potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella), was subjected to protein safety evaluations including protein equivalency tests for the Cry1Ia1 protein from 'SpuntaG2' and bacterially produced Cry1Ia1, toxicity and allergenicity evaluations of Cry1Ia1 protein, and compositional equivalency of 'SpuntaG2' compared with non-transgenic 'Spunta'. Western blot analysis and biological activity assays showed molecular and functional equivalency between 'SpuntaG2'-derived Cry1Ia1 protein and bacteria-derived Cry1Ia1 protein. Comparison of the Cry1Ia1 amino acid sequence to known amino acid sequences revealed no significant homology to known toxins or known allergens. Acute toxicity studies using rodents were used …

Superficial Dsg2 Expression Limits Epidermal Blister Formation Mediated By Pemphigus Foliaceus Antibodies And Exfoliative Toxins., D Brennan, Ying Hu, Walid Medhat, A Dowling, M G Mahoney

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Cell-cell adhesion mediated by desmosomes is crucial for maintaining proper epidermal structure and function, as evidenced by several severe and potentially fatal skin disorders involving impairment of desmosomal proteins. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) are subcorneal blistering diseases resulting from loss of function of the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 1 (Dsg1). To further study the pathomechanism of these diseases and to assess the adhesive properties of Dsg2, we employed a recently established transgenic (Tg) mouse model expressing Dsg2 in the superficial epidermis. Neonatal Tg and wild type (WT) mice were injected with purified ETA or PF Ig. …

Toxin-Nutrient Interactions Influence Diet Selection, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Given a choice herbivores prefer foods that are high in nutrients and low in toxins. Nevertheless, plants high in toxins are common on rangelands.

Toxins Reduce Palatability, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Several years ago we had two research projects we assumed were unrelated. One focused on why goats avoid the current season’s growth of blackbrush and the other on how livestock learn to avoid foods high in toxins.

Training Livestock To Leave Streams And Use Uplands, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Cattle can damage streams and surrounding vegetation—riparian areas—by breaking down banks decreasing water quality, and reducing wildlife living in the stream and on the land.

Welfare As Happiness, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco, Jonathan S. Masur

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Landscape Modifications On The Long-Term Persistence Of Animal Populations, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Richard M. Sibly, Mads C. Forchhammer, Valery E. Forbes, Christopher J. Topping

Valery Forbes Publications

Background: The effects of landscape modifications on the long-term persistence of wild animal populations is of crucial importance to wildlife managers and conservation biologists, but obtaining experimental evidence using real landscapes is usually impossible. To circumvent this problem we used individual-based models (IBMs) of interacting animals in experimental modifications of a real Danish landscape. The models incorporate as much as possible of the behaviour and ecology of four species with contrasting life-history characteristics: skylark (Alauda arvensis), vole (Microtus agrestis), a ground beetle (Bembidion lampros) and a linyphiid spider (Erigone atra). This allows …

Environmentally Sensitive Life-Cycle Traits Have Low Elasticity: Implications For Theory And Practice, Valery E. Forbes, Mette Olsen, Annemette Palmqvist, Peter Calow

Valery Forbes Publications

The relationships between population growth rate and the life-cycle traits contributing to it are nonlinear and variable. This has made it difficult for ecologists to consistently predict changes in population dynamics from observations on changes in life-cycle traits. We show that traits having a high sensitivity to chemical toxicants tend to have a low elasticity, meaning that changes in them have a relatively low impact on population growth rate, compared to other life-cycle traits. This makes evolutionary sense in that there should be selection against variability in population growth rate. In particular, we found that fecundity was generally more sensitive …

Integrating Population Modeling Into Ecological Risk Assessment, Valery E. Forbes, Peter Calow, Volker Grimm, Takehiko Hayashi, Tjalling Jager, Annemette Palmqvist, Rob Pastorok, Dan Salvito, Richard Sibly, Julann Spromberg, John Stark, Richard A. Stillman

Valery Forbes Publications

Current approaches to ecological risk assessment (ERA) are not sufficient to address environmental protection goals stated in current regulations in the European Union, North America and elsewhere. For example, the data used to estimate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects typically include responses of survival, growth, or reproduction of individuals measured under constant and typically favorable laboratory conditions. But these organism-level endpoints are far removed from the ecological features that the process aims to protect (i.e., the long-term persistence of populations of species in space and time under naturally varying field conditions and in the presence of other stressors). Ecological …

Improving The Value Of Standard Toxicity Test Data In Reach, Magnus Breitholtz, Elin Lundström, Ulrika Dahl, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

Worldwide, environmental risk assessment strategies are based on the assumption that measuring direct effects of single substances, using a few single species tests, in combination with safety factors correcting for extrapolation inconsistencies, can be used to protect higher levels of biological organization, such as populations and even ecosystems. At the same time, we are currently facing a range of pollution problems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series 2005), of which some could at least indirectly be linked to the fact that this assumption may not be fully valid. Consequently, there is an ongoing scientific debate on whether current chemical control protocols are …

Representing The Rhinoceros: The Royal Society Between Art And Science In The Eighteenth Century, Craig A, Hanson

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Discrepancies between the empirical evidence of single-horned rhinoceroses witnessed by Europeans and references from antiquity regarding double-horned rhinos puzzled members of the Royal Society for decades, particularly the circle of physicians around Drs Richard Mead and Hans Sloane. Three articles published in the Philosophical Transactions proposing solutions to the two-horned dilemma and the kinds of evidence onwhich they depended raised crucial issues for the Royal Society during the period - antiquarian concerns tied to philology, numismatics, textual emendation and collecting as well as the conceptual overlap between medical theory and the knowledge of the ancient world generally.

Sailing The Seas Of Cheese, Erik Anderson

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Memphis Elvis is cool; Vegas Elvis is cheesy. How come? To call something cheesy is, ostensibly, to disparage it, and yet cheesy acts are some of the most popular in popular culture today. How is this possible? The concepts of cheese, cheesy, and cheesiness play an important and increasingly ubiquitous role in popular culture today. I offer an analysis of these concepts, distinguishing them from nearby concepts like kitchy and campy. Along the way I draw attention to the important roles of cultural/historical context, background knowledge, and especially artist’s intentions as they are relevant to aesthetic assessments involving cheese and …

The Aesthetics Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri): From The Scientific Laboratory To An Artwork, Silvia Casini

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

This article investigates the aesthetic potential of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a medical imaging technique, both inside the laboratory and in the arts. By combining Rancière’s understanding of aesthetics with Merleau-Ponty’s notion of embodied perception, it argues that an image-generating technique conceived in the scientific field can successfully migrate into the realm of fine art, opening up new aesthetic and perceptual possibilities. Although aesthetic qualities are already present in the laboratory, they remain hidden by the necessity of reading the image-data obtained according to the interpretative framework of the medical discourse. Two paths are covered: the first goes from the …

A Functional Model Of The Aesthetic Response, Daniel Conrad

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

In a process of somatic evolution, the brain semi-randomly generates initially-unstable neural circuits that are selectively stabilized if they succeed in making sense out of raw sensory input. The human aesthetic response serves the function of stabilizing the circuits that successfully mediate perception and interpretation, making those faculties more agile, conferring selective advantage. It is triggered by structures in art and nature that provoke the making of sense. Art is deliberate human action aimed at triggering the aesthetic response in others; thus, if successful, it serves the same function of making perception and interpretation more agile. These few principles initiate …

2010 A Spotlight On San Diego's Third Sector, Melanie Hitchcock, Laura Deitrick

State of Nonprofits and Philanthropy in San Diego

What is the economic impact of San Diego's nonprofit sector and what role does it play in the region's larger economy? How is San Diego's nonprofit sector unique? How confident are people in San Diego's nonprofit organizations? Read our latest report on the state of San Diego's nonprofit sector.

Operating In Uncertain Times: How Economic Conditions Have Affected San Diego County's Nonprofit And Philanthropic Sectors, Laura Deitrick, Lindsey Mcdougle, Taylor Peyton Roberts

State of Nonprofits and Philanthropy in San Diego

How have San Diego County's nonprofit and philanthropic organizations been managing during the economic downturn? This report: Operating in Uncertain Times, highlights the strategies and approaches taken by some of the County's largest nonprofit and philanthropic providers.

Forest Edge Effects On The Behavioral Ecology Of L'Hoest's Monkey (Cercopithecus Lhoesti) In Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, Tharcisse Ukizintambara

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Forest edges are associated with forest edge effects that result from changes in physical features of the habitat, predator species and number, and prominence of human activities and other disturbances that can have direct or indirect impact on the distribution, ecology, and fitness of forest plant and animal species. I conducted a literature review on edge effects on primate species and came up with a classification of primate species in three general categories " thriving, sensitive and resilient species to edge effects " based on behavioral and demographic responses.

In Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, edge effects followed non-monotonic patterns (wave-like) …

Monkey Brains And Monkey Bars: An Ecological Approach To The Values Of School Recess, Emily L. Stanley

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Recess is a cherished part of the school day for countless children. Its value, however, has been increasingly questioned in many communities as academic performance standards and management of playground risks take precedence over play. This research examined the multiple outdoor play values held by constituents of a small, independent school for dyslexic students. Students have the choice of several recess options, including traditional playground equipment and a woodland with a stream. Ethnographic methods, including videotaped observations and interviews, were used to inquire into the values that children demonstrated through activity in their chosen play settings, as well as those …