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Research & Innovation For 2009-2010, University Of Rhode Island

Publications (Research and Economic Development)

The 2009-2010 issue of Research & Innovation, a periodical focused on research at the University of Rhode Island.

The Wrong Tool For The Job: The Ip Problem With Non-Competition Agreements, Viva R. Moffat

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

In this article, I argue that non-competition agreements should be unenforceable. Although various attacks have been launched at non-competes, most of them have been aimed at reforming the doctrine rather than eliminating enforcement of the agreements entirely. This is because the justifications for non-competes have been left mostly unchallenged, and I undertake that task here.

The most problematic and least examined of these is the IP justification: in an increasingly knowledge-based economy, many argue that non-competes are necessary to protect trade secrets and other intangibles or that non-competes provide an incentive for invention and investment, a classic IP justification. Though …

The Principle Of Consumer Utility: A Contemporary Theory Of The Bankruptcy Discharge, 58 University Of Kansas Law Review 101 (2010), Michael D. Sousa

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Why I Will Never Be A Keynesian, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

American Booksellers Association V. Hudnut: The Government Must Leave To The People The Evaluation Of Ideas, Geoffrey R. Stone

Articles

No abstract provided.

Observations Which Presently Degenerate Into Advice, John Pray

The Angle

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph.

"I don't know about you, but I could probably fill an entire book (of indeterminate length) with the small observations, little anecdotes, and pearls of advice that I continually acquire as I live out my days. Instead, I'll just fill about four pages."

Full Issue, No Author

The Angle

No abstract provided.

Late Pragmatism, Logical Positivism, And Their Aftermath, David Ingram

Philosophy: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Developments in Anglo-American philosophy during the first half of the 20^th Century closely tracked developments that were occurring in continental philosophy during this period. This should not surprise us. Aside from the fertile communication between these ostensibly separate traditions, both were responding to problems associated with the rise of mass society. Rabid nationalism, corporate statism, and totalitarianism (Left and Right) posed a profound challenge to the idealistic rationalism of neo-Kantian and neo-Hegelian philosophies. The decline of the individual – classically conceived by the 18th-century Enlightenment as a self-determining agent – provoked strong reactions. While some philosophical tendencies sought to …

Interactive Online Reference, Sue Polanka

University Libraries' Staff Publications

Last November I attended the 2009 Charleston Conference: "Issues in Book and Serial Acquisitions." E-content, licensing, business models, and a host of other issues were discussed. There were several presentations on reference, one in particular titled "Interactive Reference," presented by Tom Beyer, director of publishing at iFactory, and myself Part of the RDW Group, iFactory designs and engineers a variety of online products, including Sage Reference Online, Rosen's Teen Health 6-Wellness, and multiple Oxford products. During the presentation, Beyer discussed the state of online reference and the variety of interactive features that could be useful in the next-generation products. Beyer …

Evidence For A Sauropod−Like Metacarpal Configuration In Ankylosaurian Dinosaurs, Philip J. Senter

Biological Science Faculty Working Papers

Ankylosaurian dinosaurs are armored, quadrupedal members of the ornithischian clade Thyreophora. Ankylosaurs are typically portrayed with the metacarpals slanted and distally divergent, with their proximal ends arranged in a shallow arc, both in the literature (Matthew 1922; Gaston et al. 2001; McCrea et al. 2001; Vickaryous et al. 2004) and in museum mounts (Fig. 1). In contrast, Carpenter (1984) illustrated the metacarpals of the ankylosaur Sauropelta edwardsorum Ostrom, 1970, from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Wyoming and Montana, with their proximal ends arranged in a tight, semicircular arc, but even in that depiction themetacarpals were slanted and distally divergent. …

"Sighting" Wind Energy Facilities In Vermont: Finding The Right Balance Between Societal Benefits And Aesthetic Burden, Adam Sherwin

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Geriatric Competency, Training, And Services: Surveying A Local Aging Access Point, Toni Aiduk

Undergraduate Review

By the year 2030, 61 million baby boomers will be between the ages of 66 and 84. Add to that cohort the nine million “oldest old,” or those born before 1946, and significant numbers of 70 million individuals will need access to aging related services. Researchers and policy makers predict huge shortfalls in services and resources for the elderly, and document - that even now – there are too few social workers in the geriatric field. Many of those currently in the field lack professional geriatric training and may not be adequately prepared to help aging clients. However, these studies …

Long-Term Core Site Grasshopper Dynamics For The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-2013), David Lightfoot

Sevilleta LTER Program Data

Grasshoppers are important animals in semi-arid environments, both as herbivores and as food resources for higher level consumer animals. Grasshoppers tend to be numerous and represented by many species in semi-arid environments, especially in desert grasslands. Grasshopper species range from environmental specialists, to environmental generalists. Grasshopper populations tend to change considerably from year to year, often in response to annual variation in rainfall and plant production. The purpose of this study was to monitor grasshopper species composition and abundance over a period of many years from black grama grassland, blue grama grassland, creosotebush shrubland, and pinyon/juniper woodland environments at the …

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2009, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

2010 Self-Study Report: Explore, Renew, Sustain, Lead, University Of Minnesota, Morris

Miscellaneous Campus Publications

No abstract provided.

Prion Genotypes Of Scrapie-Infected Canadian Sheep 1998–2008, Noel P. Harrington, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Yuquin Feng, Jasmine Rendulich, Cathleen Difruscio, Aru Balachandran

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

This report describes the genetics of the prion protein gene (PRNP) at codons 136, 154, and 171 for sheep diagnosed with naturally acquired classical scrapie in Canada between 1998 and 2008. Genotyping analysis was performed on 249 sheep with confirmed classical scrapie infection representing 98 flocks from 6 provinces. A further case-control analysis of 3 of these flocks compared the genotypes between infected sheep (n = 72) and those of their healthy flockmates (n = 1990). The incidence of classical scrapie in the Canadian sheep population was highly associated with the ARQ haplotype (91.8%) and the …

Increased Risk Of Chronic Wasting Disease In Rocky Mountain Elk Associated With Decreased Magnesium And Increased Manganese In Brain Tissue, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Thomas Gidlewski, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michelle R. Mousel, Gregory E. Phillips, Terry R. Spraker

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of Rocky Mountain elk in North America. Recent studies suggest that tissue and blood mineral levels may be valuable in assessing TSE infection in sheep and cattle. The objectives of this study were to examine baseline levels of copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and molybdenum in the brains of Rocky Mountain elk with differing prion genotypes and to assess the association of mineral levels with CWD infection. Elk with leucine at prion position 132 had significantly lower magnesium levels than elk with 2 copies of methionine. Chronic wasting disease-positive elk …

Human-Animal Medicine: Clinical Approaches To Zoonoses, Toxicants And Other Shared Health Risks, Katie Portacci Dvm, Mph, Dacvpm

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Oftentimes, the wide breadth of literature available on zoonotic diseases can be difficult to obtain in a clinical setting, yet veterinarians are looked on as a primary source of information for zoonotic diseases. Human- Animal Medicine: Clinical Approaches to Zoonoses, Toxicants and Other Shared Health Risks serves as a consolidated resource for a number of zoonotic and other disease risks that may be shared between humans and other animals. The book highlights the role of veterinarians in the detection of diseases that may have an impact on human, wildlife, or pet health. It also serves as a reminder that veterinarians …

How Not To Get Lost In Translation, Pat Gustin

Journal of Applied Christian Leadership

No abstract provided.

Scwds Briefs: Volume 25, Number 4 (January 2010), Gary L. Doster , Editor, Scwds Briefs, Michael J. Yabsley

Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study: Publications

Table of Contents:

White Nose Syndrome News

CWD Found in Virginia

Serosurveys of Feral Swine

AI Serology in Wild Birds

Chagas Disease Studies

SCWDS Bont Tick Surveillance

Brain Tumor in Deer

Exotic Animal Imports and Public Health

Loss of Two SCWDS Friends

Spatial-Temporal Stratifications In Natural Populations And How They Affect Understanding And Estimation Of Effective Population Size, Robin Waples

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The concept of effective population size (N_e) is based on an elegantly simple idea which, however, rapidly becomes very complex when applied to most real-world situations. In natural populations, spatial and temporal stratifications create different classes of individuals with different vital rates, and this in turn affects (generally reduces) N_e in complex ways. I consider how these natural stratifications influence our understanding of effective size and how to estimate it, and what the consequences are for conservation and management of natural populations. Important points that emerge include the following:

1. The relative influences of local vs. …

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Phylogeographic Analysis Of Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) Indicates Multiple Species, Phillip A. Morin, Frederick I. Archer, Andrew D. Foote, Julia Vilstrup, Eric E. Allen, Paul Wade, John Durban, Kim Parsons, Robert Pitman, Lewyn Li, Pascal Bouffard, Sandra C. Abel Nielsen, Morten Rasmussen, Eske Willerslev, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Timothy Harkins

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) currently comprise a single, cosmopolitan species with a diverse diet. However, studies over the last 30 yr have revealed populations of sympatric ‘‘ecotypes’’ with discrete prey preferences, morphology, and behaviors. Although these ecotypes avoid social interactions and are not known to interbreed, genetic studies to date have found extremely low levels of diversity in the mitochondrial control region, and few clear phylogeographic patterns worldwide. This low level of diversity is likely due to low mitochondrial mutation rates that are common to cetaceans. Using killer whales as a case study, we have developed a method …

Highly Discordant Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Diversities In Atka Mackerel, M. F. Canino, I. B. Spies, S. A. Lowe, W. S. Grant

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Levels of neutral genetic diversity largely reflect effective population size (N_e), which is influenced by physical and biological environmental variables. While large populations of marine fishes generally harbor higher diversities than freshwater species, historical demography or the effects of natural selection may significantly reduce N_e and differentially affect genomic diversities. Here, we surveyed levels of genetic diversity and examined genetic structure among populations of the Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius across most of its geographic range by screening variation at nine nuclear microsatellite DNA markers (n = 745) and in a 468-base-pair segment of the mitochondrial …

Genetic Assessment Of The Mating System And Patterns Of Egg Cannibalism In Atka Mackerel, M. F. Canino, I. B. Spies, J. L. Guthridge, M. M. Hollowed

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The mating system and patterns of gender-specific egg cannibalism in Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius were examined through genetic parentage analysis of embryos in egg clutches produced in captive and wild populations. Like other hexagrammid fishes, Atka mackerel exhibit polygynandry, which is characterized by serial matings by both genders within a breeding season. Most matings in captivity were pairings of females with nest-attendant males, although parentage analysis of clutches produced in a small tank with limited nesting substrate revealed that 31% contained contributions by non–nest-guarding males. In contrast, all egg clutches produced in a large exhibit tank were sired by guardian …

Assessing The Effects Of Exposure Timing On Biomarker Expression Using Β-Estradiol, K. M. Hyndman, A. Biales, S. E. Bartell, H. L. Schoenfuss

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Temporal and spatial variability in estrogenicity has been documented formanytreated wastewater effluents with the consequences of this variability on the expression of biomarkers of endocrine disruption being largely unknown. Laboratory exposure studies usually utilize constant exposure concentrations which may produce biological effects that differ from those observed in organisms exposed in natural environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of differential timing of exposures with 17β - estradiol (E2) on a range of fathead minnow biomarkers to simulate diverse environmentally relevant exposure profiles. Two 21-day, replicate experiments were performed exposing mature male fathead minnows to E2 at time-weighted mean …

Severe Systemic Toxicity And Urinary Bladder Cytotoxicity And Regenerative Hyperplasia Induced By Arsenite In Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase Knockout Mice. A Preliminary Report, Masanao Yokohira, Lora L. Arnold, Karen L. Pennington, Shugo Suzuki, Satoko Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Karen Herbin-Davis, David J. Thomas, Samuel M. Cohen

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) catalyzes reactions which convert inorganic arsenic to methylated metabolites. This study determined whether the As3mt null genotype in the mouse modifies cytotoxic and proliferative effects seen in urinary bladders of wild type mice after exposure to inorganic arsenic. Female wild type C57BL/6 mice and As3mt KO mice were divided into 3 groups each (n=8) with free access to a diet containing 0, 100 or 150 ppm of arsenic as arsenite (As^III). During the first week of As^III exposure, As3mt KO mice exhibited severe and lethal systemic toxicity. At termination, …

Integration Of Metabolomics And In Vitro Metabolism Assays For Investigating The Stereoselective Transformation Of Triadimefon In Rainbow Trout, John F. Kenneke, Drew R. Ekman, Chris S. Mazur, Brad J. Konwick, Aaron T. Fisk, Jimmy K. Avants, A. Wayne Garrison

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Triadimefon is a systemic agricultural fungicide of the triazole class whose major metabolite, triadimenol, also a commercial fungicide, provides the majority of the actual fungicidal activity, i.e., inhibition of steroid demethylation. Both chemicals are chiral: triadimefon has one chiral center with two enantiomers while its enzymatic reduction to triadimenol produces a second chiral center and two diastereomers with two enantiomers each. All six stereoisomers of the two fungicides were separated from each other using a chiral BGB-172 column on a GC-MS system so as to follow stereospecificity in metabolism by rainbow trout hepatic microsomes. In these microsomes the S-(+) enantiomer …

Assessment Of A Robust Model Protocol With Accelerated Throughput For A Human Recombinant Full Length Estrogen Receptor-Α Binding Assay: Protocol Optimization And Intralaboratory Assay Performance As Initial Steps Towards Validation, Alexius Freyberger, Vickie Wilson, Marc Weimer, Shirlee Tan, Hoai-Son Tran, Hans-Jürgen Ahr

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Despite about two decades of research in the field of endocrine active compounds, still no validated human recombinant (hr) estrogen receptor- (ERα) binding assay is available, although hr-ERα is available from several sources. In a joint effort, US EPA and Bayer Schering Pharma with funding from the EU-sponsored 6th framework project, ReProTect, developed a model protocol for such a binding assay. Important features of this assay are the use of a full length hr-ERα and performance in a 96-well plate format. A full length hr-ERα was chosen, as it was considered to provide the most accurate and human-relevant results, whereas …

Genetic Evidence Of Illegal Trade In Protected Whales Links Japan With The Us And South Korea, C. Scott Baker, Debbie Steel, Yeyong Choi, Hang Lee, Kyung Seok Kim, Sung Kyoung Choi, Yong-Un Ma, Charles Hambleton, Louie Psihoyos, R. L. Brownell Jr,, Naoko Funahashi

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

We report on genetic identification of ‘whale meat’ purchased in sushi restaurants in Los Angeles, CA (USA) in October 2009 and in Seoul, South Korea in June and September 2009. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences confirmed that the products included three species of whale currently killed in the controversial scientific whaling program of Japan, but which are protected from international trade: the fin, sei and Antarctic minke. The DNA profile of the fin whale sold in Seoul established a match to products purchased previously in Japan in September 2007, confirming unauthorized trade between these two countries. Following species …

A Note On The Unprecedented Strandings Of 56 Deep-Diving Whales Along The Uk And Irish Coast, Sarah J. Dolman, Eunice Pinn, Robert J. Reid, Jason P. Barley, Rob Deaville, Paul D. Jepson, Mick O’Connell, Simon Berrow, Rod S. Penrose, Peter T. Stevick, Susannah Calderan, Kevin P. Robinson, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Mark P. Simmonds

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

In the first seven months of 2008, eighteen Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), four Sowerby’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens), five unidentified beaked whales and twenty-nine long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) were reported stranded in the UK and Ireland. Decomposition of those animals investigated puts the predicted time of death at mid-January. Concerns that an unusual mortality event had taken place prompted further investigations. Most carcasses were too decomposed for necropsy. A summary of findings is presented here. Although the initial stranding of five Cuvier’s beaked whales in Scotland shared some similarities with atypical mass …