Digital Commons Network^™

Late-Holocene Lake Diatom-Inferred Palaeoclimate From Central Turkey, Jessie Woodbridge

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

In the semi-arid environment of the Eastern Mediterranean, water can be a limiting resource and its availability is influenced by different climate factors. Knowledge of late Holocene water balance is limited for this region. Lake systems and organisms respond to environmental variability and can be used as a proxy for palaeoclimate. The aims of this research project were to reconstruct late Holocene palaeoclimate using diatom frustules preserved within crater lake sediments in central Turkey. Two lakes (Nar Golu and Kratergòl), located in the same climate region, were selected for this purpose. Modem lake samples and sediment cores collected between 1999-2006 …

Multi-Proxy Palaeoclimate Reconstruction Of The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction Event, Timothy Kearsey

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary is widely assumed to have been a time of extreme environmental upheaval and change. In the terrestrial realm, a negative anomaly in 813C isotope values has been reported from organic carbon in Antarctica, Australia, India and Madagascar, and from marine carbonate in the Karoo Basin. However, these sections are all from southern palaeolatitudes. Analysis from the Permian-Triassic terrestrial sedimentary record of the South Urals, in Russia, comprising of many Aridisol and Vertisol horizons has revealed that, like the Southern Hemisphere, there is a dramatic change in paleosol morphology across the P/Tr boundary linked to a shift …

The Power Of Empowerment:Recognising Power Relations Within 'Development' For Communities In Zambia, Karen Treasure

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Empowerment has emerged as a key focus of development policy and practices in the contemporary era, where simultaneously a need for 'development' is ascribed due to historically determined power relations imposed through discourse and intervention. This research enquires into the contradiction inherent in assuming an intemational agenda to empower those who are continually disempowered. Through analysis of a series of case studies of development projects in Zambia, this research argues that the potential of the empowerment agenda is inherently limited by the ongoing structural conditions of development. In the cases studied, community members successfiilly achieve a form of 'subjective empowerment' …

Foundations In Wisconsin: A Directory [28th Ed. 2009], Marquette University - Funding Information Center, Mary C. Frenn, Melanie Baier, Jeremy Blackwood, Anne Carpenter, Joseph Flipper, Sarah Martin, Greg Sikora

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory

The 2009 edition of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 28th production of the print directory and the 9th year of the online version. The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation Web sites, annual reports, and newsletters. Wisconsin foundations have continued to grow in …

Transformations Of Organic And Inorganic Phosphorus In Estuarine Particle- Water Systems, Jin Bo Zhao

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This thesis describes methodologies to detemiine organic and inorganic phosphorus in water and discusses biological, physical and chemical controls on the transformations of organic and inorganic phosphorus in laboratory microcosms of estuarine particle-water systems. Phosphorus is an important nutrient and the accurate determination of phosphorus species in natural waters is essential for understanding the biogeochemical cycling of the element. Chapter one reviews phosphorus impacts on water quality and relevant UK legislation, the sources, speclation and fractionation of phosphorus, the sediment/water phosphorus cycle and analytical methods for the determination of dissolved Inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and organic phosphorus (DOP) species In natural …

Nutrients And Eutrophication In The Taw Estuary, Gerald Maier

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Increased inputs of nutrients to estuaries and coastal waters can cause undesirable effects associated with eutrophication, including nuisance and toxic algal blooms, reduced amenity value, changes in species composition, bottom anoxia and fish kills. The main sources of nutrients to estuaries are river runoff, sewage discharges, atmospheric inputs and possibly submarine groundwater discharges. For the UK, estuarine eutrophication has been shown to occur in at least 16 estuaries (including the Taw in North Devon). Consequently, these systems have been designated as '(Potential) Problem Area' under the OSPAR Common Procedure for the Identification of Eutrophication and also as a 'Eutrophic Water' …

Measurement And Modelling Of Structure And Pore Level Processes In Filters And Wicks, John Charles Price

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Characterisation of new filtration and wicking materials through a 'wet-bench" testing process is a requirement for many filtration companies before new products can be released to market. A reduction in this testing commitment through the application of successful computational based models, requiring minimal empirical input, would undoubtedly result in huge financial savings and reductions in testing lead times. Such models could offer total media characterisation and could also aid further insights into many filtration and wicking processes which before would have required an expensive combination of different testing procedures. In this research, a depth filtration model has been developed, based …

Partnerships In The Development And Management Of Marine Nature-Based Tourism : An Analysis Of Effectiveness, Claire Kelly

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Partnerships have become increasingly prevalent across a wide range of sectors for the delivery of services and implementation of policy. Partnerships are seen as a more inclusive way of delivering policy interventions than more traditional state led or 'top-down' approaches. Yet it is unclear as to whether the partnership approach provides an effective vehicle for policy delivery. Academic debate has also focused on the most appropriate methods for evaluating different types of partnerships. To date, effectiveness has been viewed as an endpoint; a cumulative process which is the product of a set of variables acting on a one-dimensional process, which …

An Enhanced -1800-Year Record Of Recent Volcanic Ash-Fall Events For Northern New Zealand From The Analysis Of Cryptotephra, Maria J. Gehrels

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The history of volcanic eruptions in North Island, New Zealand, based on the visible stratigraphic record of tephras is not fully representative of the type, frequency and magnitude of eruptions that have occurred in the past or that are likely to occur in the future, Relatively small-scale eruptions from the region's andesitic volcanoes can produce widespread fine tephra falls with considerable impact, such as during recent eruptions of Mt Ruapehu ( 1995-1996) and Mt Ngauruhoe ( 1974-1975), and their threat is therefore likely to be underestimated. The aim of this study was to develop an enhanced stratigraphic record of recent …

Intra-Individual Variation In Children's Physical Activity Patterns: Implications For Measurement, Kate Ridley, Tim Olds, Beth P. Hands, Dawne Larkin, Helen Parker

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Children's physical activity (PA) patterns change form day to day. This intra-individual variability affects precision when measuring key physical activity and sedentary behavior variables. This paper discusses strategies to reduce the random error associated with intra-individual variability and demonstrates the implications for assessing PA when varying number of days are sampled. Self-reported data collected on two hundred and ninety eight 13- to 14-year-olds were used to compare estimates of PA and sedentary behaviour derived from between 1 and 7 days of recall data. Large intra-individual coefficients of variation were calculated for physical activity level (14.5%), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (83.4%), screen …

The Self Reported Aggravating Activities Of Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain Patients Do Not Demonstrate A Consistent Directional Pattern: An Observational Study, Benedict M. Wand, Rebecca Hunter, Neil E. O'Connell, Louise Marston, James Mcauley

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Question: Do the self-reported aggravating activities of chronic non-specific low back pain patients demonstrate a consistent directional pattern?

Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Participants: 240 chronic non specific low back pain patients.

Outcome measure: We invited experienced clinicians to classify each of the three self-nominated aggravating activities from the Patient Specific Functional Scale by the direction of lumbar spine movement. Patients were described as demonstrating a directional pattern if all nominated activities moved the spine into the same direction. Analyses were undertaken to determine if the proportion of patients demonstrating a directional pattern was greater than would be expected by chance. …

Fitness, Motor Competence And Body Composition Are Weakly Associated With Adolescent Back Pain, Mark Perry, Leon Straker, Peter O'Sullivan, Anne Smith, Beth P. Hands

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Study Design: Cross sectional

Objectives: To assess the associations between adolescent back pain and fitness, motor competence and body composition.

Background: Although deficits in physical fitness and motor control have been shown to relate to adult back pain, the evidence in adolescents is less clear.

Methods and measures: In this cross-sectional study, 1608 "Raine" cohort adolescents (mean age, 14 years) answered questions on lifetime, month and chronic prevalence of back pain, and participated in a range of physical tests assessing aerobic capacity, muscle performance, flexibility, motor competence, and body composition. A history of diagnosed back pain in the adolescent was …

Automatic Construction Of Acoustic Themes For Benthic Habitat Mapping At Stanton Banks, Uk, Luciano E. Fonseca, Yuri Rzhanov, C Mcgonigle, Craig Brown

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In recent years, many attempts have been made to develop automatic methods for segmentation of hydroacoustic remote sensing data acquired by multibeam echosounders (MBES) in order to generate quantitative estimates of the spatial distribution of seafloor relief, bottom type and composition. The majority of the segmentation methods presented so far have been based on image processing techniques, which assume implicitly the existence of an image. This limits their ability to unambiguously discriminate seafloor properties, as the primary observation of an MBES is not backscatter imagery or mosaics, but rather backscatter angular response. Mosaics are only projections of the original observations, …

The Influence Of Marcus Tullius Cicero On Modern Legal And Political Ideas, Mortimer N.S. Sellers

All Faculty Scholarship

Marcus Tullius Cicero is the father of modern law and politics. Cicero's influence was significant throughout subsequent European history, but never so much nor so directly as in the emergence of modernity and in the development of modern law and constitutional government. The early moderns became faithful apostles of Cicero's thought and ideals because their world and political circumstances were in many ways closer to those of Cicero than to those of any intervening centuries. The influence of Cicero's legal and political ideas on the modern world illustrates the decisive importance that the study of history can have on legal …

A House Divided: Earl Caldwell, The New York Times, And The Quest For A Testimonial Privilege, Eric Easton

All Faculty Scholarship

In the 1972 case of Branzburg v. Hayes, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment does not protect journalists who refuse to reveal their confidential sources or news gathering product in response to a federal grand jury subpoena. That decision has remained vital for 35 years and has reverberated through a number of recent high-profile cases. Despite some form of protection in nearly every state court, reporters haled before a federal judge may have no recourse save prison. Devastating as Branzburg has been for the so-called journalist's privilege, its negative impact has been far broader. Branzburg is one of …

Introductory Note To Dispute Regarding Navigational And Related Rights (Costa Rica V. Nicaragua), International Court Of Justice, Judgment Of 13 July 2009, Nienke Grossman

All Faculty Scholarship

The Dispute Regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua) concerns the rights of Nicaragua and Costa Rica over part of the San Juan River, located in the territory of the former, but whose right bank and certain navigational rights belong to the latter. In its July 13, 2009 Judgment, the International Court of Justice ("ICJ") made a number of specific rulings regarding the scope of Costa Rica's right to free navigation, Nicaragua's power to regulate that right, and Costa Rican riparians' subsistence fishing rights. Aside from its immediate significance for the litigating parties, the Judgment is noteworthy for …

An Open Letter From Heaven To Barack Obama, F. Michael Higginbotham

All Faculty Scholarship

Since the passing of A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. in 1998, many have wondered what the award winning author, longest-serving black federal judge, first black to head a federal regulatory agency, recipient of the Spingarn Medal and the Congressional Medal of Freedom, and author of the famous “Open Letter to Clarence Thomas” would think of the state of race relations today. Appointed to the Federal Trade Commission in 1962, Higginbotham served in several powerful federal positions including Vice-Chairman of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, member of the first wiretap surveillance court, and chief judge of a …

Foreword Symposium: Having It Our Way: Women In Maryland's Workplace Circa 2027, Margaret E. Johnson

All Faculty Scholarship

On November 14, 2007, the University of Baltimore School of Law, the University of Maryland School of Law and the Women's Law Center of Maryland co-sponsored a symposium entitled "Having it Our Way: Women in Maryland's Workplace Circa 2027." The insightful collection of papers in this volume of the University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class represents the work of employment law scholars, public policy specialists, and activists who presented on the current state of Maryland employment law and discussed Maryland's future. This distinguished group of experts and scholars present several themes: the hope of new …

Freedom Of Association, The Communist Party, And The Hollywood Ten: The Forgotten First Amendment Legacy Of Charles Hamilton Houston, José F. Anderson

All Faculty Scholarship

Charles Hamilton Houston, the most important civil rights lawyer of the first half of the 20th century who developed the legal strategy in Brown v. Board of Education, ended his fabulous legal career representing a group of Hollywood screen writers known as the Hollywood Ten. See Lawson and Trumbo v. United States, 176 F.2d 49 (D.C. App.1949). In that case convictions and jail sentences were upheld for the defendants' failure to answer questions from the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA) about their views on communism and whether or not each was members of the Communist Party. The matters in …

The Disabled Lawyers Have Arrived; Have They Been Welcomed With Open Arms Into The Profession? An Empirical Study Of The Disabled Lawyer, Donald H. Stone

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article proceeds in seven parts. Part I briefly outlines the ADA's position on reasonable accommodations. Part II addresses how law firms are reacting and responding to the fact that they employ lawyers with mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder, attorneys with learning disabilities, and individuals with alcohol or drug addiction. What disabilities are most often represented? Are lawyers with disabilities apt to receive work modifications to accommodate their disability? Are attorneys with mental illness provided with less stressful case assignments? Are lawyers with substance use disorders and alcohol or drug addiction assigned co-counsel to monitor or offer …

Manifestation Of The Pacific Decadal Oscillation In The Kuroshio, Magdalena Andres, Jae-Hun Park, Mark Wimbush, Xiao-Hua Zhu, Hirohiko Nakamura, Kuh Kim, Kyung-Il Chang

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index is strongly correlated with vertically integrated transport carried by the Kuroshio through the East China Sea (ECS). Transport was determined from satellite altimetry calibrated with in situ data and its correlation with PDO index (0.76) is highest at zero lag. Total PDO‐correlated transport variation carried by the ECS‐Kuroshio and Ryukyu Current is about 4 Sv. In addition, PDO index is strongly negatively correlated, at zero lag, with NCEP wind‐stress‐curl over the central North Pacific at ECS latitudes. Sverdrup transport, calculated from wind‐stress‐curl anomalies, is consistent with the observed transport variations. Finally, PDO index and ECS‐Kuroshio …

The Kuroshio Extension And Its Recirculation Gyres, Steven R. Jayne, Nelson G. Hogg, Stephanie N. Waterman, Luc Rainville, Kathleen A. Donohue, D. Randolph Watts, Karen L. Tracey, Julie L. Mcclean, Mathew E. Maltrud, Bo Qiu, Shuiming Chen, Peter Hacker

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

This paper reports on the strength and structure of the Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyres. In the time average, quasi-permanent recirculation gyres are found to the north and south of the Kuroshio Extension jet. The characteristics of these recirculations gyres are determined from the combined observations from the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) field program (June 2004–June 2006) and include current meters, pressure and current recording inverted echo sounders, and subsurface floats. The position and strength of the recirculation gyres simulated by a high-resolution numerical model are found to be consistent with the observations. The circulation pattern that is …

Eutrophication And The Macroscope, Scott W. Nixon

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

It is important to view eutrophication as an increase in the supply of organic matter to an ecosystem rather than as a simple problem of nutrient pollution. This emphasizes that eutrophication is a fundamental change in the energetic base that may propagate through the system in various ways and produce a variety of changes. Some of these changes may be desirable (e.g., increased secondary production) and some may not (e.g., hypoxia). Defining eutrophication in terms of changing nutrient concentrations or chlorophyll levels or species composition confuses symptoms with the underlying phenomenon. While nutrient enrichment is the most common cause of …

The Invasive Colonial Ascidian Didemnum Vexillum On Georges Bank - Ecological Effects And Genetic Identification, Nicole L. Lengyel, Jeremy S. Collie, Page C. Valentine

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Since the discovery of the invasive colonial tunicate Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 on Georges Bank in 2002, research has focused on investigating the spread of the tunicate invasion, evaluating its potential impact on the benthic community, identifying it to species level, and determining its region of origin. The percent cover of Didemnum vexillum, measured from bottom photographs, ranges from 0-100% in individual photos and between 0-79% when averaged within photo transects. Individual photos represent an area of the seabed measuring ~ 0.39 m2 while photo transects range from ~ 700-1000 meters in length. Hydroids are the second most abundant …

Nvods And The Development Of Opendap, Peter C. Cornillon, Jennifer Adams, M. Benno Blumenthal, Eric Chassignet, Ethan Davis, Steve Hankin, James Kinter, Roy Mendelssohn, James T. Potemra, Ashwanth Srinivasan, Joseph Sirott

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) funded a project to develop the foundation for a National Virtual Ocean Data System (NVODS) that has resulted in a robust data access framework for the exchange of oceanographic data (the Open source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol, or OPeNDAP) and a broad community of ocean data providers that remains vigorous and growing five years after NOPP funding ended. The project produced a number of “lessons learned” related to the design and implementation of distributed data systems that can inform other related efforts. These lessons are presented along with a brief overview …

Integrated Ecosystem Assessments: Developing The Scientific Basis For Ecosystem-Based Management Of The Ocean, Phillip S. Levin, Michael J. Fogarty, Steven A. Murawski, David Fluharty

Marine Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Geotourism In The Crown Of The Continent , Bynum Boley, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Geotourism is a new niche segment of sustainable tourism focused on sustaining and enhancing the geographical character of a place. The purpose of this study was to answer the question: "to what degree do visitors in the 'Crown of the Continent' share the values of geotourism?" Visitors to sites on National Geographic's Crown of the Continent geotourism mapguide were intercepted and asked to fill out a survey regarding their travel values.

Travel And Recreation: Outlook 2010 Concious Consumption, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlooks and Trends in 2010, Review of 2009.

Tourism Outlook: 2010, Norma P. Nickerson, Kara Grau

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlook for 2010

Community, Conversation, And Conflict: A Study Of Deliberation And Moderation In A Collaborative Political Weblog, Samantha Isabella Soma

Dissertations and Theses

Concerns about the feasibility of the Internet as an appropriate venue for deliberation have emerged based on the adverse effects of depersonalization, anonymity, and lack of accountability on the part of online discussants. As in face-to-face communication, participants in online conversations are best situated to determine for themselves what type of communication is appropriate. Earlier research on Usenet groups was not optimistic, but community-administered moderation may provide a valuable tool for online political discussion groups who wish to support and enforce deliberative communication among a diverse or disagreeing membership.

This research examines individual comments and their rating and moderation within …