Digital Commons Network^™

Sensitive Detection Of Novel Effects And Characteristic Signal Structure Of Higher Harmonic Detection In Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy, Mohammad Amir Khan

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

We discuss experimental and theoretical results of absorption features of the oxygen A-band transitions when synchronous detection at higher harmonics using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) is performed. A key aspect of structure higher harmonic detection is discussed. It is shown that the signal magnitude and spectral locations of turning points and zero crossings of WMS signal demonstrate key signatures of collision dynamics of gaseous specie parameters and lineshape parameters. In addition, it is also shown that these salient features provide sensitive probes for any changes in the gas environment or lineshape parameters. We discuss several advantages and subtle physical effects …

Neutron Structure Functions Measured With Spectator Tagging, Svyatoslav Tkachenko

Physics Theses & Dissertations

We know much less about the neutron than the proton due to the absence of free neutron targets. Neutron information has to be extracted from data on nuclear targets like deuterium. This requires corrections for off-shell and binding effects which are not known from first principles and therefore are model-dependent. As a consequence, the same data can be interpreted in different ways, leading to different conclusions about important questions such as the value of the d/u quark ratio at large momentum fraction x. The Barely Off-shell NUcleon Structure (BONUS) experiment at Jefferson Lab addressed this problem by tagging spectator protons …

Great Power Politics And The Structure Of Foreign Relations Law, Daniel Abebe

Faculty Scholarship

Foreign relations law serves as an internal constraint on the unilateral exercise of foreign relations powers through the distribution of authority within the national government. Given the predominance of the executive branch in foreign affairs, courts routinely resolve questions regarding the breadth of the executive's authority by reference to the Constitution, legal precedent, historical practice, and functional considerations. Though courts generally focus on these domestic factors, they have been historically quite sensitive to the international political implications of their decisions. But we don't have a clear understanding of how or when courts consider international politics in resolving foreign relations law …

Secret Evidence And The Due Process Of Terrorist Detentions, Daphne Barak-Erez, Matthew C. Waxman

Faculty Scholarship

Courts across many common law democracies have been wrestling with a shared predicament: proving cases against suspected terrorists in detention hearings requires governments to protect sensitive classified information about intelligence sources and methods, but withholding evidence from suspects threatens fairness and contradicts a basic tenet of adversarial process. This Article examines several models for resolving this problem, including the "special advocate" model employed by Britain and Canada, and the 'Judicial management" model employed in Israel. This analysis shows how the very different approaches adopted even among democracies sharing common legal foundations reflect varying understandings of 'fundamental fairness" or "due process," …

The Warren Court, Legalism And Democracy: Sketch For A Critique In A Style Learned From Morton Horwitz, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

Morton Horwitz's Transformation books developed a critical approach that elaborates the underlying premises of legal doctrine and compares them to suppressed or ignored alternative perspectives. However, Horwitz's Warren Court book is largely an appreciation of the Court's doctrine that accepts at face value its underlying premises and the judges' claim to vindicate democratic values. In this essay, I speculate on what a Transformation-style critique of the Warren Court might look like and suggest that the Court is vulnerable to criticisms analogous to those the Transformation books make of earlier doctrine. I suggest that book ignores an alternative perspective on social …

Guantánamo, Habeas Corpus, And Standards Of Proof: Viewing The Law Through Multiple Lenses, Matthew C. Waxman

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court held in Boumediene v. Bush that Guantánamo detainees have a constitutional right to habeas corpus review of their detention, but it left to district courts in the first instance responsibility for working through the appropriate standard of proof and related evidentiary principles imposed on the government to justify continued detention. This article argues that embedded in seemingly straightforward judicial standard-setting with respect to proof and evidence are significant policy questions about competing risks and their distribution. How one approaches these questions depends on the lens through which one views the problem: through that of a courtroom concerned …

The Use Of Force Against States That Might Have Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Matthew C. Waxman

Faculty Scholarship

The Iraq war rekindled debate – debate now further inflamed in discussions of Iran and North Korea-about the legal use of force to disarm an adversary state believed to pose a threat of catastrophic attack, including with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Coinciding with this debate is the stark fact that intelligence about allegedly hostile states' WMD capabilities is and will remain limited.

This Article aims to develop more fully how an objective reasonableness approach to WMD capability assessments would work, and more generally how the law governing use of force should guide capability assessments. It begins in Part I …

Older Adults With Traumatic Rib Fractures: An Evidence-Based Approach To Their Care, Blaine A. Winters

Faculty Publications

It is expected that over the next decade the population of older adults in the United States will increase dramatically. As the older adult population increases, the number of older adults involved in traumatic accidents is also expected to climb. The older population is at na increased risk for complications and poor outcomes following trauma. Practitioners caring for these older adults will need to use evidence-based practice guidelines in an attempt to improve outcomes. This article provides a clinical guideline for the assessment and management of pain in older adults with traumatic rib fractures, and an approach for pain assessment, …

2009 Writing Contest Winners, State University Of New York At Cortland

Transformations

The Writing Contest is sponsored by the College Writing Committee and is presented during Transformations conference (formally titled Scholar's Day) at SUNY Cortland.

The 60th Anniversary Of The Prc: A Retrospective On The Chinese Legal System – Introduction, Benjamin L. Liebman

Faculty Scholarship

Since its establishment in 1987, the Columbia Journal of Chinese Law and its successor, the Columbia Journal of Asian Law, have played an important role in publishing English language scholarship about the law of China and Asia. An important part of this mission has been the publication of scholarship not only by scholars in the United States and Europe, but also by scholars from China and elsewhere in Asia. I am delighted that this special edition of the Journal, marking the sixtieth anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of China and thirty years of legal reforms in China, …

Addressing Judicial Activism In The Indian Supreme Court: Towards An Evolved Debate, Madhav Khosla

Faculty Scholarship

The Indian Supreme Court has invited a great deal of interest for its alleged activism and the role that it has begun to play in Indian governance. Recent years have been witness to substantial debate on the Court's functioning, with scholars positing views and raising concerns with considerable passion. This paper analyzes the judicial activism discourse in the Indian Supreme Court by focusing on the contributions of Professor Upendra Baxi. It argues that, despite the attention the Court has received on the question of judicial activism, the debate in this area has, for the most part, failed to engage with …

Tribute To John M. Kernochan – January 11, 2008, Jane C. Ginsburg

Faculty Scholarship

Were it not for Jack, I probably would not be teaching at Columbia Law School today. Way back in 1983, Jack, then several years from emeritus status, determined to identify and recruit a prospective intellectual property scholar who would join him in building an IP program for Columbia, and might in the long run succeed him. Jack had read all the articles about copyright published by young scholars and would-be scholars, and then proceeded to contact some of the authors for interviews. The interview led, at least in my case, to an invitation to teach a session of Jack's "Business …

"Say On Pay": Cautionary Notes On The U.K. Experience And The Case For Shareholder Opt-In, Jeffrey N. Gordon

Faculty Scholarship

Shareholder and public dissatisfaction with executive compensation has led to calls for an annual shareholder advisory vote on firms’ compensation practices and policies, so-called “say on pay.” Proposed federal legislation would mandate “say on pay” generally for U.S. public companies. This Article assesses the case for such a mandatory federal rule in light of the U.K. experience with a similar regime adopted in 2002. The best argument for a mandatory rule is that it would destabilize pay practices that have produced excessive compensation and that would not yield to firm-by-firm pressure. This has not been the U.K. experience; pay continues …

The Cultural Defense: Reflections In Light Of The Model Penal Code And The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Kent Greenawalt

Faculty Scholarship

I wrote this essay after participating in a 2006 workshop on Criminal Law and Cultural Diversity, which discussed, among other subjects, the wisdom of providing a "cultural defense." Uncertain just how far such a defense might expand on defenses already available, I undertook to explore that topic.

The phrase "a cultural defense" suggests an either/or choice that any legal system might make. That matters are much more complex than this is part of the burden of this essay. A "cultural defense" in its most general sense refers to a wide range of ways in which evidence about a defendant's cultural …

Kinetic Energy Release Distributions For C⁺₂ Emission From Multiply Charged C₆₀ And C₇₀ Fullerenes, Henrik Cederquist, Nicole Haag, Zoltan Berenyi, Peter Reinhed, Daniel Fischer, M. Gudmundsson, Birgitta W. Johansson, Torsten Schmidt, Henning Zettergren

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present asystematic study of experimental kinetic energy release distributions for the asymmetric fission processes C^q+₆₀ C^(iq-1<)+₇₀+ C⁺₂ and C ^q+₇₀ C^(q-1)+₆₀+ C⁺ ₂ for mother ions incharge states q 4-8 produced incollisions with slow highly charged ions. Somewhat to our surprise, we find that the KERD for asymmetric fission from C^q+₆₀ are considerably wider and have larger most likely values than the C^q+₇₀ distributions inthe corresponding charge states when q > 4.

Electron Angular Distributions In He Single Ionization Impact By H₂⁺ Ions At 1 Mev, Shaofeng Zhang, J. Suske, Daniel Fischer, K. U. Kuehnel, Siegbert Hagmann, Alexander B. Voitkiv, B. Najjari, Achim Krauss, Robert Moshammer, Joachim Hermann Ullrich, Xinwen Ma

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

For the first time we investigated in a kinematically complete experiment the ionization of helium in collisions with H₂⁺-molecular ions at 1 MeV. Using two separate detectors, the orientation of the projectile H₂⁺-molecular ions was determined at the instance of the collision. The electron angular distribution was measured by a "Reaction Microscope". The observed structures are found in agreement with theoretical calculations, indicating that the ionized electron of He shows a slight preferential emission direction parallel to the molecular axis.

Isotope Shifts In Dielectronic Recombination: From Stable To In-Flight-Produced Nuclei, Carsten Brandau, S. Kozhedub, Alfred K. Muller, Dietrich Bernhardt, Stefan Bohm, Fritz J. Bosch, Daniel Boutin, Fred John Currell, Christina Dimopoulou, Bernhard Franzke, Alexandre Gumberidze, Zoltan Harman, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Christoph H. Keitel, Heinz Jurgen Kluge, S. Kozhedub, Reiner Krucken, Yu A. Litvinov, Fritz Nolden, Brian E. O'Rourke, Regina Reuschl, Stefan Schippers, Vladimir M. Shabaev, Uwe Spillmann, Zbigniew Stachura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The study of isotope shifts and hyperfine effects in dielectronic recombination (DR) resonance spectra strikes a conceptually new path for investigations of nuclear properties such as charge radius, spin, magnetic moment of nuclei or lifetimes of long-lived excited nuclear states. A series of DR experiments with heavy three-electron ions (Li-like) was performed at the heavy-ion storage ring ESR of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany. In a pilot experiment the two stable isotopes A=142 and A=150 of neodymium ^ANd⁵⁷⁺ were investigated. From the displacement of DR resonances the isotope shifts δE^142,150(2s - 2P_l/2) …

Coulomb-Field-Induced Conversion Of A High-Energy Photon Into A Pair Assisted By A Counterpropagating Laser Beam, Erik Lotstedt, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Christoph H. Keitel

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The laser-induced modification of a fundamental process of quantum electrodynamics, the conversion of a high-energy gamma photon in the Coulomb field of a nucleus into an electron-positron pair, is studied theoretically. Although the employed formalism allows for the general case where the gamma photon and laser photons cross at an arbitrary angle, we here focus on a theoretically interesting and numerically challenging setup, where the laser beam and gamma photon counterpropagate and impinge on a nucleus at rest. For a peak laser field smaller than the critical Schwinger field and gamma photon energy larger than the field-free threshold, the total …

Acquisitions Driven By Stock Overvaluation, Leming Lin

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Overvaluation might drive a firm to use its stock to acquire another firm whose stock is not as overpriced. Though hypothetically desirable, these acquisitions create little, if any, value for acquirer shareholders. Two factors impede value creation for acquirer stockholders from these transactions (despite large differences in relative overvaluation at announcement): acquirers paying large premiums to targets, and investors' correction of acquirer overvaluation during the bid period. Furthermore, acquirer CEOs obtain a large amount of new stock and option grants after acquisitions and realize a net gain in wealth, further suggesting that equity overvaluation increases agency costs and the resulting …

Does Morningstar Shine In The Universe Of Mutual Funds? A Study On Morningstar Mutual Fund Ratings, Wee Seng Ng

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Using data from Morningstar Principia CDs and employing standard methodologies, we examine the extent to which two mutual fund ratings: Morningstar star ratings and Morningstar stewardship grades can predict future fund performance. In particular, we investigate whether the combined predictive power of the two ratings exceeds that of a single rating. We decompose funds into various groups characterized by fund age and fund categories in order to address such issues as whether predictive performance is uniform across characteristic-based groups. Although our analysis shows that none of the ratings alone possesses strong predictive power, there is statistical evidence to support the …

Does Vc Reputation Affect Function Of Lockup Agreement?, Kejia He

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Instead of perceiving lockup agreement and VC-backing as exogenous variables, this paper employs the VC-backed IPO data and takes a closer examination on the specific effect of VC reputation, which impacts the choice of lockup length and return and volume abnormality around lockup expiry. Contrary to the commitment hypothesis proposed by previous literatures, the data suggests that less VC-backed companies tend to choose a longer lockup agreement as a compensation device and those companies backed by more reputable VC experience less negative abnormal return and less abnormal volume around lockup expiry.

Entrepreneurial Competencies As An Entrepreneurial Distinctive: An Examination Of The Competency Approach In Defining Entrepreneurs, Xiang Li

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Entrepreneurship is of critical importance to the modern economy. Researchers have studied entrepreneurship for decades. In recent years, significant relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and firm performance has been reported in empirical studies. Applying the competency approach, researchers have assumed that entrepreneurial competency differentiates entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs without empirically examining if this is the case. The research conducted under this thesis addresses this gap. Drawing upon a thorough literature review regarding the components, antecedents and performance outcomes of the entrepreneurial competency, we propose the following hypothesis: the entrepreneurs generally possess higher level of entrepreneurial competencies than the non-entrepreneurs, and the entrepreneurs …

Information Role Of Analysts' Target Prices: Event And Intra-Day Analysis, Fan Chen

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

I have documented that target prices subsumed in downgrade recommendations are the most informative while target prices in coverage reiteration are the least informative. The First Call database enables me to extend the analysis to an intraday frequency. Conducting event studies using high frequency data, is even more critical given the advent of information technology systems has dramatically changed the landscape of stock trading. The modified approach to event study is relevant to the fast-changing trading environment in today's capital market. For upgrades, there are significant positive market-adjusted returns lasting 20 minutes; for downgrades, there are significant negative market-adjusted returns …

Institutional Distance And Location Choice Of Multinational Enterprises, Yumeng Du

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Even though scholars have realized the importance of the impact of the institutional environment on the strategy of MNEs, most of them have overlooked the first and essential step of the FDI decision location choice. In this paper, we link institutional theory and location choice literature and propose that the difference in the host country and home country`s institutional environments - institutional distance - has a negative effect on the FDI`s location choice. We also formulate hypotheses about firm specific attributes that may moderate this impact of institutional distance on location choice. Using data on Japanese companies` FDI information and …

On Stock Return Patterns Following Large Weekly Price Movements: The Case Of Hong Kong, Yue Lu

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

In this paper, I examine the short-run and long-run performance of the largest 49 stocks in Hong Kong market which experience weekly price movements of more than ±10% between 1999 and 2007. For both decline and increase events, one-week significant reversal is documented. But such reversal in returns diminishes very quickly within two or three weeks. From a long-run perspective, I find that large price increases are followed by negative performance, which is consistent with the overreaction hypothesis. However, large price declines are also followed by negative cumulative abnormal returns, which supports the underreaction hypothesis. Such findings indicate that the …

The Effect Of Concentrated Institutional Portfolio On Stock Returns, Hao Li Zhang

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

This paper examines whether stock return is related to the extent of portfolio concentration on the part of institutional fund managers. There is evidence that large firms are preferred for both concentrated and well-diversified funds. Also, a trading strategy based on concentrated ownership generates positive abnormal return. This implies that informational effect (implied in an increase in concentrated capital) has significant impacts and predictability on returns. Meanwhile, we do not find diversified ownership has predictability on future stock returns.

Three Sections Of Applications Of Co-Integration: Hedge Funds, Industry And Main Global Equity Markets, Zhongjian Lin

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Co-integration is an econometric property of time series variables. If two or more series are themselves non-stationary (unit root process), but a linear combination of them is stationary, then the series are said to be co-integrated. If there is a co-integration among some time series, we can say there is a long-run equilibrium. That is the non-stationary time series may diverge from each other in short-run, however they would arrive at equilibrium in long-run. Therefore, we can use this methodology to test the existence of commonality of some non-stationary time series. Here we apply a semi-parametric cointegration test introduced by …

Quantitative Rescattering Theory For Nonsequential Double Ionization Of Atoms By Intense Laser Pulses, Samuel Micheau, Zhangjin Chen, Anh-Thu Le, C. D. Lin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Laser-induced electron recollisions are fundamental to many strong field phenomena in atoms and molecules. Using the recently developed quantitative rescattering theory, we demonstrate that the nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of atoms by lasers can be obtained quantitatively in terms of inelastic collisions of the target ions with the free returning electrons where the latter are explicitly given by a spectrum-characterized wave packet. Using argon atoms as target, we calculated the NSDI yield including contributions from direct (e,2e) electron-impact ionization and electron-impact excitation accompanied by subsequent field ionization. We further investigate the dependence of total NSDI on the carrier-envelope phase of …

Southwinds - Spring 2009

Southwinds: The Literary and Arts Magazine of Missouri S&T

THE LITERARY MAGAZINE OF MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2009 Southwinds is sponsored by the Department of English & Technical Communication

Modeling Of Wear And Oxidation Behavior Of A Carbon/Carbon Multidisk Clutch, Shankar Nagaraj

Masters Theses

"Carbon/carbon composites are a family of advanced composite materials. They are the most advanced form of carbon and consist of a fiber, based on carbon precursors, embedded in a carbon matrix. They are extensively used in design of sliding contact systems such as clutches and brakes because of their low weight, excellent thermal and mechanical properties, chemical inertness and self lubricating capability. They retain their mechanical strength in inert atmospheres up to 2000° C. However, in oxidizing environments, C/C composites rapidly react with oxygen forming gaseous carbon oxides around 450° C.

In the present study a C/C composite clutch assembly …