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2009

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Hardware Accelerated Sequence Alignment With Traceback, Scott Lloyd, Quinn O. Snell Jan 2009

Hardware Accelerated Sequence Alignment With Traceback, Scott Lloyd, Quinn O. Snell

Faculty Publications

Biological sequence alignment is an essential tool used in molecular biology and biomedical applications. The growing volume of genetic data and the complexity of sequence alignment present a challenge in obtaining alignment results in a timely manner. Known methods to accelerate alignment on reconfigurable hardware only address sequence comparison, limit the sequence length, or exhibit memory and I/O bottlenecks. A space-efficient, global sequence alignment algorithm and architecture is presented that accelerates the forward scan and traceback in hardware without memory and I/O limitations. With 256 processing elements in FPGA technology, a performance gain over 300 times that of a desktop …

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Synthesizing Correlated Rss News Articles Based On A Fuzzy Equivalence Relation, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera Jan 2009

Synthesizing Correlated Rss News Articles Based On A Fuzzy Equivalence Relation, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera

Faculty Publications

Tens of thousands of news articles are posted on-line each day, covering topics from politics to science to current events. To better cope with this overwhelming volume of information, RSS (news) feeds are used to categorize newly posted articles. Nonetheless, most RSS users must filter through many articles within the same or different RSS feeds to locate articles pertaining to their particular interests. Due to the large number of news articles in individual RSS feeds, there is a need for further organizing articles to aid users in locating non-redundant, informative, and related articles of interest quickly. In this paper, we …

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Neurophysiological Reflex Mechanisms’ Lack Of Contribution To The Success Of Pnf Stretches, J. Brent Feland, Sterling C. Hilton, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Ulrike H. Mitchell, J. William Myrer Jan 2009

Neurophysiological Reflex Mechanisms’ Lack Of Contribution To The Success Of Pnf Stretches, J. Brent Feland, Sterling C. Hilton, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Ulrike H. Mitchell, J. William Myrer

Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretches are widely used in athletics and rehabilitation. Although it has been shown that they produce better range-of-motion (ROM) increases than the slow or static stretch, the mechanisms responsible remain an enigma. This study was conducted to determine whether the previously proposed neurophysiological mechanisms of reciprocal inhibition and autogenic inhibition are responsible for the success of PNF stretches. In addition, the authors assessed the existence of the phenomenon of successive induction because it is used to strengthen reciprocal inhibition. Methods: Eighteen subjects 17–44 y performed the PNF stretches contract–relax (CR) and contract–relax, agonist …

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The Short-Term Effect Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Sprint Start Performance In Collegiate Athletes, J. Brent Feland, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Brad Roberts Jan 2009

The Short-Term Effect Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Sprint Start Performance In Collegiate Athletes, J. Brent Feland, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Brad Roberts

Faculty Publications

Whole body vibration (WBV) is characterized by a vibratory stimulus emitted throughout the body through the use of a vibrating platform on which the subject stands. Studies have shown over 30% increases in maximal explosive strength such as maximal speed biceps curl as well as increases in maximum dynamic force such as maximal sitting bench pull as the result of vibration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term whole-body vibration on sprint starts among collegiate track athletes. On the first day eleven subjects were randomly assigned to either a non-vibration or vibration group for …

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Engaging Students In Writing Labs: An Empirical Study Of Reading And Commenting On Student Papers, Joyce Adams Jan 2009

Engaging Students In Writing Labs: An Empirical Study Of Reading And Commenting On Student Papers, Joyce Adams

Faculty Publications

Writing Center literature fails to come to a consensus on whether students or tutors should read student papers during tutorials. This empirical study sought to discover whether the choice of reader and the timing of the tutors’ comments affected the engagement of the student in the tutorial. The study explored six patterns of reading and commenting styles with 30 trials of each. Both students and tutors completed evaluation forms following each tutorial; the results include a summary of the quantitative outcome, as well as insightful comments that were included on the evaluation forms. Both students and tutors believe that it …

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Effective Medium Theory, Rough Surfaces, And Moth’S Eyes, David D. Allred, Zephne Larsen, Joseph Muhlestein, R. Steven Turley, Anthony Willey Jan 2009

Effective Medium Theory, Rough Surfaces, And Moth’S Eyes, David D. Allred, Zephne Larsen, Joseph Muhlestein, R. Steven Turley, Anthony Willey

Faculty Publications

Optics in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) have important applications in microelectronics, microscopy, space physics, and in imaging plasmas. Because of the short wavelengths involved in these applications, it is critical to account for interfacial roughness to accurately predict the reflection and absorption of XUV optics. This paper examines two possible effects of roughness on optical absorption, non-specular reflection and enhanced transmission and compares these to measured experimental data on a rough Y2O3 thin film.

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Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry For The Determination Of Methylprednisolone In Rat Plasma And Liver After Intravenous Administration Of Its Liver-Targeted Dextran Prodrug, Shuang-Qing Zhang, Helen R. Thorsheim, Suman Penugonda, Venkateswaran C. Pillai, Quentin R. Smith, Reza Mehvar Jan 2009

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry For The Determination Of Methylprednisolone In Rat Plasma And Liver After Intravenous Administration Of Its Liver-Targeted Dextran Prodrug, Shuang-Qing Zhang, Helen R. Thorsheim, Suman Penugonda, Venkateswaran C. Pillai, Quentin R. Smith, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of methylprednisolone (MP) in rat plasma and liver was developed and validated using triamcinolone acetonide as an internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether was used to extract the drug and the internal standard from plasma and liver. The separation of MP was performed on a C(18) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:0.5% formic acid aqueous solution (85:15, v/v) over 4 min. The assay was based on the selected reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 375 -> 161 for MP in plasma, 375 -> 357 for …

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A Collection Of Micrographs: Where Science And Art Meet, Vuk Uskoković Jan 2009

A Collection Of Micrographs: Where Science And Art Meet, Vuk Uskoković

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Micrographs obtained using different instrumental techniques are presented with the purpose of demonstrating their artistic qualities. The quality of uniformity currently dominates the aesthetic assessment in scientific practice and is discussed in relation to the classical appreciation of the interplay between symmetry and asymmetry in arts. It is argued that scientific and artistic qualities have converged and inspired each other throughout millennia. With scientific discoveries and inventions enriching the world of communication, broadening the space for artistic creativity and making artistic products more accessible than ever, science inevitably influences artistic creativity. On the other hand, the importance of aesthetic principles …

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Trusting In The 'Efficacy Of Beauty': A Kalocentric Approach To Moral Philosophy, Brian G. Henning Jan 2009

Trusting In The 'Efficacy Of Beauty': A Kalocentric Approach To Moral Philosophy, Brian G. Henning

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

Although debates over carbon taxes and trading schemes, over carbon offsets and compact fluorescents are important, our efforts to address the environmental challenges that we face will fall short unless and until we also set about the difficult work of reconceiving who we are and how we are related to our processive cosmos. What is needed, I argue, are new ways of thinking and acting grounded in new ways of understanding ourselves and our relationship to the world, ways of understanding that recognize our fundamental interdependence and interconnection with everyone and everything in the cosmos, ways of understanding that recognize …

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Human Cytomegalovirus Us28: A Functionally Selective Chemokine Binding Receptor, Jennifer Totonchy, Jay A. Nelson, Daniel N. Streblow Jan 2009

Human Cytomegalovirus Us28: A Functionally Selective Chemokine Binding Receptor, Jennifer Totonchy, Jay A. Nelson, Daniel N. Streblow

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded chemokine receptor US28 is the most well-characterized of the four chemokine receptor-like molecules found in the HCMV genome. US28 been studied as an important virulence factor for HCMV-mediated vascular disease and, more recently, in models of HCMV-associated malignancy. US28 is a rare multi-chemokine family binding receptor with the ability to bind ligands from two distinct chemokine classes. Ligand binding to US28 activates cell-type and ligand-specific signaling pathways leading to cellular migration, an example receptor functional selectivity. Additionally, US28 has been demonstrated to constitutively activate PLC and NFkB. Understanding the structure/function relationships between US28, its ligands and …

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Differential Ligand Binding To A Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor Determines Cell Type-Specific Motility, Jennifer Totonchy, Ryan Melnychuk, Patricia P. Smith, Joshua Powell, Laurel Hall, Victor R. Defilippis, Klaus Fruh, Martine Smit, David D. Schlaepfer, Jay A. Nelson, Daniel N. Streblow Jan 2009

Differential Ligand Binding To A Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor Determines Cell Type-Specific Motility, Jennifer Totonchy, Ryan Melnychuk, Patricia P. Smith, Joshua Powell, Laurel Hall, Victor R. Defilippis, Klaus Fruh, Martine Smit, David D. Schlaepfer, Jay A. Nelson, Daniel N. Streblow

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

While most chemokine receptors fail to cross the chemokine class boundary with respect to the ligands that they bind, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded chemokine receptor US28 binds multiple CC-chemokines and the CX3Cchemokine Fractalkine. US28 binding to CC-chemokines is both necessary and sufficient to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration in response to HCMV infection. However, the function of Fractalkine binding to US28 is unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that Fractalkine binding to US28 not only induces migration of macrophages but also acts to inhibit RANTES-mediated SMC migration. Similarly, RANTES inhibits Fractalkine-mediated US28 migration in macrophages. While US28 binding …

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Effect Of Polyaccharides And Proteins On Refrigerated Dough Quality, Yu Zhang Jan 2009

Effect Of Polyaccharides And Proteins On Refrigerated Dough Quality, Yu Zhang

Cereal Science

Refrigerated dough is considered one of the most popular dough products in the food industry. Consumers appreciate the convenience, storage stability, and good organoleptic properties of refrigerated dough products. However, in practice, the quality of refrigerated dough can deteriorate during the storage as a result of liquid formation in dough, which is called "dough syruping". The objectives of this study were (1) characterization of the structural properties of dough components that affect dough syruping; (2) identification of rheological changes that occur during refrigeration, and as they relate to arabinoxylans (AX), starch and protein solubility. The data showed that AX solubilization …

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Case Study: Implementation Of The Top Five Freedom Of Information Act Cases Into Media Law Of The Republic Of Tajikistan, Muhabbat Yakubova Jan 2009

Case Study: Implementation Of The Top Five Freedom Of Information Act Cases Into Media Law Of The Republic Of Tajikistan, Muhabbat Yakubova

Communication

The purpose of this study is to explore and study the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in five cases. The study will analyze the importance of FOIA for the growth of media for developing countries like Tajikistan. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the FOIA cases. The study will examine FOIA adoption history in the United States of America's legislative system; the reasons, purposes, and the implementation of FOIA by media personnel; and current media law of the Republic of Tajikistan. Also the study will discuss where certain aspects of FOIA could fit in Media Law of Tajikistan that …

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Primary Cilia: Highly Sophisticated Biological Sensors, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi, Shao T. Lo, Surya M. Nauli Jan 2009

Primary Cilia: Highly Sophisticated Biological Sensors, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi, Shao T. Lo, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia, thin hair-like structures protruding from the apical surface of most mammalian cells, have gained the attention of many researchers over the past decade. Primary cilia are microtubule-filled sensory organelles that are enclosed within the ciliary membrane. They originate at the cell surface from the mother centriole that becomes the mature basal body. In this review, we will discuss recent literatures on the roles of cilia as sophisticated sensory organelles. With particular emphasis on vascular endothelia and renal epithelia, the mechanosensory role of cilia in sensing fluid shear stress will be discussed. Also highlighted is the ciliary involvement in …

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The Teaching/Learning Process Through Mosston's "Spectrum Of Teaching Styles: The Reciprocal Style", David C. Barney, Robert S. Christenson Jan 2009

The Teaching/Learning Process Through Mosston's "Spectrum Of Teaching Styles: The Reciprocal Style", David C. Barney, Robert S. Christenson

Faculty Publications

Mosston (1994) created the Spectrum of Teaching Styles to identify the various alternatives that exist to design as well as present instructional episodes. As there are most likely as many ways to define the styles of teaching as there are learners, Mosston's original seven teaching styles have evolved into eleven. As identified by Mosston, each of the styles is differentiated by the decisions that are made by teacher or learner. The sequence of decisions that are made by either the teacher of learner during each of the three specified phases of instruction, before (pre-impact), during (impact) or after (post-impact) helps …

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The Teaching-Learning Process: A Set Of Instructional Strategies And Tactics Through Analysis Of Mosston's "Spectrum Of Teaching Styles", Robert S. Christenson, David C. Barney Jan 2009

The Teaching-Learning Process: A Set Of Instructional Strategies And Tactics Through Analysis Of Mosston's "Spectrum Of Teaching Styles", Robert S. Christenson, David C. Barney

Faculty Publications

This analysis of teaching is comprised of a series of articles that are intended to introduce the reader or provide for a refocusing for those familiar to Mosston's eleven styles along the spectrum of teaching styles. Mosston developed them as a result of his work at Pennsylvania's Temple University and East Stroudsburg University and then at Rutgers University and the Center on Teaching. Since the first publication of Teaching Physical Education, which introduced The Spectrum of Teaching Styles, Mosston demonstrated his love for the teaching-learning process in physical education by challenging other professionals to expand their instructional repertoires in an …

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Physical Education Majors Team Teaching In An Early Field Experience In A Junior High School Setting, David C. Barney, Robert Christenson Jan 2009

Physical Education Majors Team Teaching In An Early Field Experience In A Junior High School Setting, David C. Barney, Robert Christenson

Faculty Publications

The early field experience (EFE) has been considered a valuable and important component of a physical education major's education (Curtner-Smith, 1993). For this study 26 pre-service teachers (PST) (physical education majors) team taught (13 teams) in an EFE in a local junior high school. During their EFE each team taught 2 lessons in the school. From this study it was found that during the PST lessons the junior high students were active in the class activities, that the PST should have used louder voices when teaching, that the PST should have had a back-up plan for their lessons, that music …

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Cultural Competence: Developing And Assessing Multicultural Proficiency For Teachers And School Personnel In Hawaii, Caryl H. Hitchcock, Mary Anne Prater, Chuan Chang Jan 2009

Cultural Competence: Developing And Assessing Multicultural Proficiency For Teachers And School Personnel In Hawaii, Caryl H. Hitchcock, Mary Anne Prater, Chuan Chang

Faculty Publications

Teachers were recruited from the mainland of the United States to work in rural areas in the State of Hawaii to meet the high demand for personnel. But often there is a mismatch between the culture of the island residents and that of the new teachers. To alleviate this mismatch, a workshop was developed to promote multicultural proficiency of school personnel focusing on Asian/Pacific cultures. One hundred teachers, administrators and staff (including custodians and cafeteria workers) from four rural elementary schools participated in a three hour workshop. The workshop consisted of three activities: (a) self-awareness, (b) awareness of Asian/Pacific Island …

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Investigating The Effects Of Marriage And Relationship Education On Couples' Communication Skills: A Meta-Analytic Study, Victoria L. Blanchard, Alan J. Hawkins, Scott A. Baldwin, Elizabeth B. Fawcett Jan 2009

Investigating The Effects Of Marriage And Relationship Education On Couples' Communication Skills: A Meta-Analytic Study, Victoria L. Blanchard, Alan J. Hawkins, Scott A. Baldwin, Elizabeth B. Fawcett

Faculty Publications

This meta-analysis probes into previous research substantiating the positive effects of marriage and relationship education (MRE) on couples' communication skills. We reviewed 97 MRE research reports that yielded 143 distinct evaluation studies. We found modest evidence that MRE functions both as a universal prevention and as a selective or indicated prevention. That is, MRE demonstrates program effects at longer term follow-ups for more distressed couples. In addition, we found that observational assessments produced larger effects than self-report assessments, although interpreting the meaning of this difference is difficult.

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Changing Patterns Of Family Care In Uganda: Father Absence And Patrilineal Neglect In The Face Of Hiv/Aids, Jini Roby, Stacey Shaw, Elinor Wanyama Chemonges, Cole D. Hooley Jan 2009

Changing Patterns Of Family Care In Uganda: Father Absence And Patrilineal Neglect In The Face Of Hiv/Aids, Jini Roby, Stacey Shaw, Elinor Wanyama Chemonges, Cole D. Hooley

Faculty Publications

In this study, 162 HIV-positive mothers in Uganda were interviewed about the involvement of fathers and paternal kin, regarding current support they provide to children and as child placement options in the event of the mother’s death. More than half of the children had fathers who were already deceased. Another one third had fathers who were alive but did not live with the children. Only 16% of the children were living with and being supported by their fathers. Mothers indicated a strong preference for placement with maternal kin, in contrast to traditional expectations of paternal kin care. Patterns of change …

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School-Based Mentoring For At-Risk Elementary Students, Shauna Valentine, Gary Wall, Paul Caldarella, Lynnette Christensen, K. Richard Young, Allen Gurney Jan 2009

School-Based Mentoring For At-Risk Elementary Students, Shauna Valentine, Gary Wall, Paul Caldarella, Lynnette Christensen, K. Richard Young, Allen Gurney

Faculty Publications

Advantages of School-based Mentoring: Less Costly; Identify More Children via the School Context; School Resources Staff Administration; More Convenient for Volunteers; Time Commitment; Mentors Feel Safer; Establish Community Support within school.

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Piezoresistive Feedback Control Of A Mems Thermal Actuator, Robert K. Messenger, Quentin Theodore Aten, Timothy W. Mclain, Larry L. Howell Jan 2009

Piezoresistive Feedback Control Of A Mems Thermal Actuator, Robert K. Messenger, Quentin Theodore Aten, Timothy W. Mclain, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

Feedback control of MEMS devices has the potential to significantly improve device performance and reliability. One of the main obstacles to its broader use is the small number of on-chip sensing options available to MEMS designers. A method of using integrated piezoresistive sensing is proposed and demonstrated as another option. Integrated piezoresistive sensing utilizes the inherent piezoresistive property of polycrystalline silicon from which many MEMS devices are fabricated. As compliant MEMS structure’s flex to perform their functions, their resistance changes. That resistance change can be used to transduce the structures’ deflection into an electrical signal. The piezoresistive microdisplacement transducer (PMT) …

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A Comparison Of The Communal Lament Psalms And The Treaty-Covenant Formula, Dan Belnap, Daniel L. Belnap Jan 2009

A Comparison Of The Communal Lament Psalms And The Treaty-Covenant Formula, Dan Belnap, Daniel L. Belnap

Faculty Publications

Within the corpus of psalms in the Hebrew Bible is a group known as the communal laments. Characterized by their use of the first person common plural pronoun, some type of calamity experienced by the community, and a petition to God, these psalms incorporate similar imagery, terminology, and structure. This study explores these psalms and suggests that they relate closely to the Hittite treaty-covenant formula found elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible, yet differ in that they reflect an ongoing covenantal relationship rather than the establishment of such. Thus, these psalms emphasize Israel’s expectation that God, as the senior covenantal party, …

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Using A Mathematical Model Of Cadherin-Based Adhesion To Understand The Function Of The Actin Cytoskeleton, J. C. Dallon, Elijah Newren, Marc Hansen Jan 2009

Using A Mathematical Model Of Cadherin-Based Adhesion To Understand The Function Of The Actin Cytoskeleton, J. C. Dallon, Elijah Newren, Marc Hansen

Faculty Publications

The actin cytoskeleton plays a role in cell-cell adhesion but its specific function is not clear. Actin might anchor cadherins or drive membrane protrusions in order to facilitate cell-cell adhesion. Using a mathematical model of the forces involved in cadherin-based adhesion we investigate its possible functions. The immersed boundary method is used to model the cell membrane and cortex with cadherin binding forces added as linear springs. The simulations indicate that cells in suspension can develop normal cell-cell contacts without actin-based cadherin anchoring or membrane protrusions. The cadherins can be fixed in the membrane or free to move and the …

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Strange Duets: Impressarios And Actresses In The American Theatre, 1865-1914 (Review), Jocelyn Buckner Jan 2009

Strange Duets: Impressarios And Actresses In The American Theatre, 1865-1914 (Review), Jocelyn Buckner

Theatre Faculty Articles and Research

"In Strange Duets: Impresarios and Actresses in the American Theatre, 1865-1914, Kim Marra invites readers into the tumultuous world of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century theatre through an examination of the on-and-off stage relationships between leading ladies and the men who claimed to have fashioned their success. The text is a pièce de résistance of intersectional historical scholarship, analyzing the ways race, class, gender, and sexuality both influenced and were influenced by the relationships forged between men and women of the theatre during the wax and wane of Victorian sentiment, the emergence of Darwinian theories on evolution, and the rise of …

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V.S. Naipaul And The 1946 Trinidad General Election, Aaron Eastley Jan 2009

V.S. Naipaul And The 1946 Trinidad General Election, Aaron Eastley

Faculty Publications

On 1 July 1946 the first election featuring universal adult suffrage was held in Trinidad. As reported in the island’s leading newspaper of the day, the Trinidad Guardian, the “privilege of a lowered franchise” expanded the electorate nearly tenfold, from approximately 30,000 to 259,000 eligible voters (“Momentous”). This was a precipitous change, especially in a colony where voting even on a limited scale had only been instituted a couple of decades before (1925), in an era when lingering doubts about the qualifications of nonwhites and women had motivated the institution of property, literacy, and age requirements that disenfranchised all but …

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Flame Interactions And Burning Characteristics Of Two Live Leaf Samples, Brent M. Pickett, Carl Isackson, Rebecca Wunder, Thomas H. Fletcher, Bret W. Butler, David R. Weise Jan 2009

Flame Interactions And Burning Characteristics Of Two Live Leaf Samples, Brent M. Pickett, Carl Isackson, Rebecca Wunder, Thomas H. Fletcher, Bret W. Butler, David R. Weise

Faculty Publications

Combustion experiments were performed over a flat-flame burner that provided the heat source for multiple leaf samples. Interactions of the combustion behavior between two leaf samples were studied. Two leaves were placed in the path of the flat-flame burner, with the top leaf 2.5 cm above the bottom leaf. Local gas and particle temperatures, as well as local oxygen concentrations, were measured along with burning characteristics of both leaves. Results showed that the time to ignition of the upper leaf was not significantly affected by the presence of the lower leaf. The major difference observed was that the time of …

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Estimating Dysphonia Severity In Continuous Speech: Application Of A Multi-Parameter Spectral/Cepstral Model, Christopher Dromey, Shaheen N. Awan, Nelson Roy Jan 2009

Estimating Dysphonia Severity In Continuous Speech: Application Of A Multi-Parameter Spectral/Cepstral Model, Christopher Dromey, Shaheen N. Awan, Nelson Roy

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to identify a sub-set of spectral/cepstral-based analysis methods that would most effectively predict dysphonia severity (as estimated via auditory-perceptual analysis) in samples of continuous speech. Acoustic estimates of dysphonia severity were used as an objective treatment outcomes measure in a set of pre- vs post-treatment speech samples. Pre- and post-treatment continuous speech samples from 104 females with primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) were rated by listeners using a 100 point visual analogue scale (VAS) and analysed acoustically with spectral/cepstral-based measures. Stepwise linear regression produced a three-factor model consisting of the cepstral peak prominence (CPP); …

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Laryngeal-Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J Arden Hopkin Jan 2009

Laryngeal-Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The goal of this investigation was to test a new methodology for measuring amplitude modulation (AM) at the level of the vocal folds during vibrato in trained singers, because previous research has suggested that AM arises in large part as an acoustic epiphenomenon through an interaction of the harmonics in the laryngeal source with the resonances of the vocal tract as the fundamental frequency oscillates. A within-subjects model was used to compare vocal activity across three pitch and three loudness conditions. Seventeen female singers with a range of training and experience were recorded with a microphone and an electroglottograph …

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Articulatory Changes In Muscle Tension Dysphonia: Evidence Of Vowel Space Expansion Following Manual Circumlaryngeal Therapy, Christopher Dromey, Nelson Roy, Shawn L. Nissen, Shimon Sapir Jan 2009

Articulatory Changes In Muscle Tension Dysphonia: Evidence Of Vowel Space Expansion Following Manual Circumlaryngeal Therapy, Christopher Dromey, Nelson Roy, Shawn L. Nissen, Shimon Sapir

Faculty Publications

In a preliminary study, we documented significant changes in formant transitions associated with successful manual circumlaryngeal treatment (MCT) of muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), suggesting improvement in speech articulation. The present study explores further the effects of MTD on vowel articulation by means of additional vowel acoustic measures. Pre- and post-treatment audio recordings of 111 women with MTD were analyzed acoustically using two measures: vowel space area (VSA) and vowel articulation index (VAI), constructed using the first (F1) and second (F2) formants of 4 point vowels/ ", i, æ, u/, extracted from eight words within a standard reading passage. Pairwise t-tests …

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