Digital Commons Network^™

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Different Irrigation Programs On The Growth, Yield, And Fruit Quality Of Drip-Irrigated Melon, Osman Yildirim, Ni̇lgün Halloran, Şeyda Çavuşoğlu, Nesli̇han Şengül

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A field study was conducted in Ankara, a semi-arid region of Central Anatolia, Turkey, on clay-loamy soils in the vegetation seasons of 2005 and 2006. Kırkağaç melon cultivar (Cucumis melo L. cv. Kırkağaç) was irrigated by the drip method from transplantation to the beginning of the flowering (IS_f), fruit setting (IS_{fs}), ripening (IS_r), and harvesting (IS_h) periods. Water amounting to 50% (P_{50}), 75% (P_{75}), and 100% (P_{100}) of full irrigation water were applied. Some analyses were carried out regarding the growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters in these irrigation programs. Moreover, the amount of water, the seasonal evapotranspiration, and the …

The Effects Of Different Temperatures And Diets On The Biology Of Cales Noacki Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), A Parasitoid Of The Citrus Woolly Whitefly, Gonca Vatansever Saki̇n, M. Rifat Ulusoy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The biology of Cales noacki Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a particular parasitoid of the woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus Maskell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), was investigated under laboratory conditions, where the effects of different temperatures [18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 18/26, 26/34 °C] and the longevity of adults on different diets [sugar water (10%), water with honey (10%), water, honeydew of A. floccosus, 1^{st} instar larvae of A. floccosus, or no food] were observed. The longest developmental time of C. noacki was identified at 18 °C (F: 49.0 and M: 48.5 days) and the shortest time was at 26 and 30 °C constant temperatures …

The Use Of Aridity Index To Assess Implications Of Climatic Change For Land Cover In Turkey, Derya Önder, Mehmet Aydin, Süha Berberoğlu, Sermet Önder, Tomohisa Yano

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the impacts of climate change on aridity and land cover in Turkey. Data for future (2070s) climate change, according to present conditions (1990s), were estimated from the prediction results of a regional climate model (RCM). The RCM, which was developed in Japan, is based on the MRI model. The potential impacts of climate change were estimated according to the A2 scenario of Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Aridity index, the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration, was computed by using measured data for the present condition and estimated data by the RCM …

The Impact Of Seeding Rate And Inter-Row Spacing On Italian Ryegrass For Seed In The First Harvest Year, Aleksandar Simic, Savo Vuckovic, Radojka Maletic, Dejan Sokolovic, Nenad Djordjevic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cv. Tetraflorum sown with different inter-row spacings and seeding rates was grown under the agroecological conditions of Western Serbia. Field experiments were carried out between 2002 and 2006, and biometric characteristics-generative tillers, seed yield, and shoot dry mass-were measured during the first production year. Italian ryegrass was grown with 3 row spacings (20, 40, and 60 cm), using 4 seeding rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 kg ha^{-1}). Tiller length was affected by stand density, while 2 other tiller parameters were affected considerably less by the treatments applied. The influence of tiller characteristics on yield …

The Physico-Chemical And Microbiological Properties Of Wheat Flour In Thrace, Ali̇ Aydin, Peter Paulsen, Frans Johannes M. Smulders

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of wheat flour samples (type 650) obtained from 7 different locations in the Thrace region (Turkey) were assessed. Totally 142 wheat flour samples were analysed physico-chemically in terms of ash, moisture, fat acidity, and protein amounts, and microbiologically in terms of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, moulds, rope-spore counts, and Salmonella spp. In the physico-chemical parameters investigated, only the ash levels of flour samples were higher than the limit laid down in the Turkish Food Codex and Codex Alimentarius. In some locations, the levels of TMAB, E. coli, and …

Screening Of Wild Emmer Wheat Accessions (Triticum Turgidum Subsp. Dicoccoides) For Mycorrhizal Dependency, Cemal Yücel, Hakan Özkan, İbrahi̇m Ortaş, Tacetti̇n Yağbasanlar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Mycorrhizal dependency was studied in 23 wild emmer (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides) accessions originating from ecologically and geographically different locations in the Fertile Crescent covering Israel, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. Wild emmer accessions were grown with mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae) and non-mycorrhizae under greenhouse conditions, and harvested according to the Zadoks scale at growth stage 33. Root, shoot and total dry weight, growth response, root infection, and mycorrhizal dependency were calculated. It was determined that mycorrhizal inoculation increased 4.1-, 3.9-, and 3.9-fold for root, shoot, and total dry weight, respectively, compared to the control. It was found that wild emmer …

Variation In Resistance To Marine Borers In Commercial Timbers From Turkey, As Assessed By Marine Trial And Laboratory Screening, Hüseyi̇n Si̇vri̇kaya, Simon M. Cragg, Luisa M. S. Borges

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Commercial timbers from Turkey used in coastal construction and boat building were tested for their resistance to marine wood-boring invertebrates in a marine trial and in a laboratory screening test. The timbers tested were beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), oak (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The marine trial was conducted over a period of 5 months at Mersin on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Activity by teredinid (Mollusca, Bivalvia) borers during this period was very high, resulting in the maximum rating of 4 on the EN 275 scale for P. sylvestris …

Weed Control In Maize (Zea Mays L.) With Effective Minimum Rates Of Foramsulfuron, Kami̇l Kir, M. Nedi̇m Doğan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Dose-response experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to determine the effective minimum rates (ED_{90}) of foramsulfuron for 11 weed species that occur in maize growing areas in Turkey. Annual weeds were collected from maize fields in the cotyledon stage and transferred to pots containing a mixture of soil-turf (1:1 ratio). Perennial weeds were grown from rhizome pieces collected from infested fields. Weeds were then treated with different rates of foramsulfuron to determine the effective minimum rate (ED_{90}) for each weed species via dose-response experiments. Results showed that ED_{90} rates were lower than the recommended herbicide rate for most weed species. …

Determination Of Pathogenic Variability Of Didymella Rabiei, The Agent Of Ascochyta Blight Of Chickpea In Turkey, Muharrem Türkkan, F. Sara Dolar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Pathogenic characterization of 64 Didymella rabiei isolates obtained from 5 different regions in Turkey was determined with a set of 7 different chickpea cultivars (ILC 1929, F8, ICC 1903, ILC 249, ILC 482, ILC 3279, and ICC 3996). All the isolates were classified into both 3 pathotypes and 6 physiological races. Of the isolates used in this study, it was determined that 38 (59.4%) belonged to pathotype I, 3 (4.7%) to pathotype II, and 23 (35.9%) to pathotype III. Pathotypes I and III were determined in 5 regions of Turkey including the Mediterranean, Aegean, Southeastern Anatolia, Central Anatolia, and Black …

Genetic Variability And Interrelationship Among Grain Yield And Some Quality Traits In Turkish Winter Durum Wheat Landraces, Mevlüt Akçura

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Twenty durum wheat pure lines obtained from landraces collected from southwestern districts of Konya and 5 durum wheat cultivars were evaluated under rain fed conditions in Konya between 2005 and 2008 in a 3 replicates randomized complete block design to estimate genetic variation and heritability for grain yield and 6 quality traits. The overall goal of the study was to improve pure lines from durum wheat landraces for low input agricultural areas of the Central Anatolian region and similar environmental conditions. The broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 12.9% (particle size index) to 50.0% (semolina color). The highest expected genetic …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Universal Jurisdiction As An International 'False Conflict' Of Laws, Anthony J. Colangelo

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

This symposium Essay uses the private law notion of a "false conflict" of laws to develop a coherent and normatively sound legal framework for evaluating the exercise of universal jurisdiction by states in the international legal system. The Essay suggests that properly exercised, universal jurisdiction creates no conflict of laws among states because, as a matter of prescriptive jurisdiction, universal jurisdiction is never really extra-territorial, and thus never generates the possibility of conflicting, overlapping laws. Rather, universal jurisdiction comprises a comprehensive territorial jurisdiction, originating in a universally-applicable international law that covers the globe. Individual states may apply and enforce that …

Control Of Myosin Motor Activity And Actin Filament Translation By Alteration Of Assay Reducing Potential, Siva Krishna Nalabotu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The use of biomolecular motors for nanotechnological applications has been impaired by an inability to control biomolecular motor activity in a temporal fashion. Previous data has suggested that myosin activity can be modulated by inducing changes in the degree of myosin oxidation. The hypothesis of this study is that myosin motor activity can be regulated by altering the amount of antioxidants and reducing agents present in assay solution. To test this hypothesis we systematically altered the concentration of reducing agents and examined the effects of these changes on myosin-dependent actin filament translation. Our findings indicate that myosin activity can be …

Ethnic Networks, Extralegal Certainty, And Globalisation: Peering Into The Diamond Industry, Barak D. Richman

Faculty Scholarship

For nearly one millenium, the diamond industry's distribution system remained largely unchanged. Ethnic networks, predominated by Jewish merchants, managed the downstream distribution system. Since state courts are unable to reliably enforce executory contracts for diamond sales, these networks succeeded because their community institutions were able to assert extralegal governance. But recent trends in the globalisation of commerce have introduced pressures that might cause the one thousand year-old system to unravel. Low-wage workers from India have displaced higher wage western merchants, consumer demands for political oversight has brought scrutiny to previously secretive networks, and the profitability of global branding campaigns has …

The Twenty-First Century Law Library, Richard A. Danner, S. Blair Kauffman, John G. Palfrey

Faculty Scholarship

On November 6, 2008, the J. Michael Goodson Law Library at the Duke University School of Law held a number of events in celebration of its newly renovated and expanded space. This is an edited version of the program, “The 21st Century Law Library: A Conversation,” that was held as part of that celebration. The conversation explores the role of the academic law library in legal education in an increasingly digital environment.

Comparative Law As A Bridge Between The Nation-State And The Global Economy: An Essay For Herbert Bernstein, Richard M. Buxbaum

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Richard M. Buxbaum delivered the Fourth Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture in Comparative Law in 2005 and this article is based on his remarks. The article is included in the inaugural volume of CICLOPs that collects the first six Bernstein lectures. In this paper, Richard Buxbaum is primarily concerned with the potential of comparative law as a method to bridge the disparities between the laws of nation-states and the needs of the globalized economy. Buxbaum investigates three separate roles for comparative law in closing this gap: First, he discusses the potential uses of comparative law with regard to …

Desperately Seeking Subsidiarity: Danish Private Law In The Scandinavian, European And Global Context, Joseph M. Lookofsky

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Lookofsky delivered the Sixth Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture in Comparative Law in 2007 and this article is based on his remarks. The article is included in the inaugural volume of CICLOPs that collects the first six Bernstein lectures. As the European Union draws closer together as a single legal community, the states that comprise the EU and their various local subdivisions struggle to come to terms with the unification and universalization of EU laws across borders. The imposition of civil code practices, particularly in the area of private law, on EU member states has caused great consternation …

Political Parties In China’S Judiciary, Jonathan K. Ocko, Zhu Suli

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Suli delivered the Fifth Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture in Comparative Law in 2006 and this article is based on his remarks, with a foreword by Jonathan Ocko. The article is included in the inaugural volume of CICLOPs thatcollects the first six Bernstein lectures. In responding to Sending Law to the Countryside, Professor Frank Upham levied a number of criticisms against Professor Zhu Suli’s book. Of particular importance was Upham’s criticism concerning a lack of attention to the role of politics and political power in the Chinese legal system. Suli finds this criticism to be extremely important because …

Foreword: The Bernstein Memorial Lecture, The First Six Years, Ralf Michaels

Faculty Scholarship

In the spring of 2009, the Duke Law Center for International & Comparative Law launched an occasional paper series - CICLOPs. Prof. Michaels' foreword to the inaugural issue describes the project and the articles included in this issue that comprise the first six lectures in The Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture in Comparative Law.

Roasting The Pig To Burn Down The House: A Modest Proposal, Stuart M. Benjamin

Faculty Scholarship

This essay addresses the question whether one should support regulatory proposals that one believes are, standing alone, bad public policy in the hope that they will do such harm that they will ultimately produce (likely unintended) good results. For instance, one may regard a set of proposed regulations as foolish and likely to hobble the industry regulated, but perhaps desirable if one believes that we would be better off without that industry. I argue that television broadcasting is such an industry, and thus that we should support new regulations that will make broadcasting unprofitable, to hasten its demise. But it …

The Bernstein Memorial Lecture: The First Six Years, Ralf Michaels, Stephen Bornick, Jonathan Dalton White

Faculty Scholarship

CICLOPs, the Center for International & Comparative Law Occasional Papers, could not be launched with a better issue than one dedicated to Duke Law's named lecture series in the field, the Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture in Comparative Law. Herbert Bernstein was Duke's much-beloved professor of comparative law. The lecture series, established in Prof. Bernstein’s honor after his sudden death in 2001, has drawn leading scholars from all around the world to speak at Duke Law School on comparative law. This first issue of CICLOPs contains the text of the first six lectures, some of them previously published in …

A Few Questions About The Social-Obligation Norm, Jedediah Purdy

Faculty Scholarship

Reponse to an article by Gregory S. Alexander, 'The Social-obligation Norm in American Property Law,' in a Special Issue of the Journal on Property Obligation.

American Law And Transnational Corruption: Is There A Need For Lincoln’S Law Abroad?, Paul D. Carrington

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Judicial Independence In Excess: Reviving The Judicial Duty Of The Supreme Court, Paul D. Carrington, Roger C. Cramton

Faculty Scholarship

Independence from extrinsic influence is, we know, indispensable to public trust in the integrity of professional judges who share the duty to decide cases according to preexisting law. But such independence is less appropriate for those expected to make new law to govern future events. Indeed, in a democratic government those who make new law are expected to be accountable to their constituents, not independent of their interests and unresponsive to their desires. The Supreme Court of the United States has in the last century largely forsaken responsibility for the homely task of deciding cases in accord with preexisting law …

You’Ve Come A Long Way, Baby: Two Waves Of Juvenile Justice Reforms As Seen From Jena, Louisiana, Sara Sun Beale

Faculty Scholarship

This article describes the origins and impact of two modern reforms that dramatically rewrote the law governing the prosecution of juvenile offenders: the Warren Court’s due process decisions and the juvenile justice legislation of the 1990s. Beginning with the prosecution of Mychal Bell, who was one of the Jena 6, the article provides a broader historical and analytical framework to assess the procedural protections available to juveniles charged with serious offenses, particularly the adequacy of the remedies to challenge prosecutorial discretion and disparate treatment by the prosecution.

The article first describes the key role race played in the Warren Court’s …

Islands Of Effective International Adjudication: Constructing An Intellectual Property Rule Of Law In The Andean Community, Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter, M. Florencia Guerzovich

Faculty Scholarship

The Andean Community - a forty-year-old regional integration pact of small developing countries in South America - is widely viewed as a failure. In this Article, we show that the Andean Community has in fact achieved remarkable success within one part of its legal system. The Andean Tribunal of Justice (ATJ) is the world's third most active international court, with over 1400 rulings issued to date. Over 90% of those rulings concern intellectual property (IP). The ATJ has helped to establish IP as a rule of law island in the Andean Community where national judges, administrative officials, and private parties …

Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Judgments, Ralf Michaels

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The ‘Principles’ Paradox, Steven L. Schwarcz

Faculty Scholarship

This essay, prepared for a University of Cambridge conference on ‘Principles Versus Rules in Financial Regulation’, posits a new issue in that debate. Although principles-based regulation is thought to more closely achieve normative goals than rules, the extent to which that occurs can depend on the enforcement regime. A person who is subject to unpredictable liability is likely to hew to the most conservative interpretation of the principle, especially where that person would be a potential deep pocket in litigation. This creates a paradox: unless protected by a regime enabling one in good faith to exercise judgment without fear of …