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Climate Change And Future Adaptation, Lučka Kajfež Bogataj

Economic and Business Review

This paper provides a summary of the current scientific understanding of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on the natural and anthropogenic drivers of changes in global climate. It presents an overview of observed changes in the climate system and their relationships with physical processes as well as an overview of projections for future climate changes. A summary of observed climate changes in Slovenia in the last decades is given and future projections are discussed. Europe has warmed by almost 1°C in the last century, faster than the global average. Precipitation has significantly increased in northern Europe, whereas drying …

Studi Penggunaan Antibiotika Pada Penderita Rawat Inap Pneumonia (Penelitian Di Sub Departemen Anak Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya), Suharjono Suharjono, Yuniati T, Sumarno Sumarno, Semedi Sj

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Pneumonia is an infectious disease that was caused inflammation of acute parenchy-mal compression of the lungs and bacterial exudate from lung tissue on the main from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy and rational will determine the treatment to avoid the occurrence of bacterial resistance. In addition it is also possible the use of other drugs that can increase the chances of Drug Related Problems (DRP). Pattern of antibiotic use in Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya has never been done. Studying the pattern use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients with pneumonia in …

Ccl2 Responses To Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Are Associated With Disease Severity In Tuberculosis, Zahra Hasan, Jacqueline M. Cliff, Hazel M. Dockrell, Bushra Jamil, Muhammad Irfan, Mussarat Ashraf, Rabia Hussain

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background

Leucocyte activating chemokines such as CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL8 together with proinflammatory IFNγ, TNFα and downmodulatory IL10 play a central role in the restriction of M. tuberculosis infections, but is unclear whether these markers are indicative of tuberculosis disease severity.

Methodology

We investigated live M. tuberculosis- and M. bovis BCG- induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and healthy endemic controls (ECs, n = 36). TB patients comprised pulmonary (PTB, n = 34) and extrapulmonary groups, subdivided into those with less severe localized extrapulmonary TB (L-ETB, n = 16) or severe disseminated ETB (D-ETB, …

Scarring And None Scarring Facial Acne Vulgaris And The Frequency Of Associated Skin Diseases, Khalifa E. Sharquie, Khalil I. Al-Hamdi, Adil A. Noaimi, Razan A. Al-Battat

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris(AV)is chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit of young people. Patients with acne with or with out scarring might differ in regard to their immunological background from those free from acne. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the problem of facial AV especially patients with scarring and to determine the frequency of associated skin diseases and to be compared with acne free control. METHODS: A cross sectional randomized controlled epidemiological study was conducted from Oct.2005-Oct. 2006.Three hundred students from Basra University; 132 (44%) males and 168 (56%) females were enrolled, their ages ranged from 18-25 (20.9±1.8) years. They were divided …

The Effects Of The Transformations Of The Public Health System On Equality In Mexico, 1995-2002, N Linares, O López

English

Objectives: To identify the possible effects of reform interventions' on health equity in the states of Mexico between 1995 and 2002 and to analyze the characteristics of the inequalities and inequities in health.'

Methods For Preventing And Treating Cancer Using N-Thiolated Β-Lactam Compounds And Analogs Thereof, Q. Ping Dou, Edward Turos, David M. Smith

USF Patents

The subject invention concerns N-thiolated β-lactam compounds of formula A,

wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1-8 carbon atoms; R3 is an organothio group; and R4 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or heterocycloalkenyl, and analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and amides thereof. The subject invention also concerns methods for inducing tumor cell death or inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and methods for inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA replication, activating p38 MAP kinase, or activating caspase cascade activation, or releasing cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytoplasm in a tumor cell. Methods for treating cancer using …

Gbdr Regulates Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Plch And Pchp Transcription In Response To Choline Catabolites, Matthew J. Wargo, Tiffany C. Ho, Maegan J. Gross, Laurie A. Whittaker, Deborah A. Hogan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa hemolytic phospholipase C, PlcH, can degrade phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin in eukaryotic cell membranes and extracellular PC in lung surfactant. Numerous studies implicate PlcH in P. aeruginosa virulence. The phosphorylcholine released by PlcH activity on phospholipids is hydrolyzed by a periplasmic phosphorylcholine phosphatase, PchP. Both plcH gene expression and PchP enzyme activity are positively regulated by phosphorylcholine degradation products, including glycine betaine. Here we report that the induction of plcH and pchP transcription by glycine betaine is mediated by GbdR, an AraC family transcription factor. Mutants that lack gbdR are unable to induce plcH and pchP in media …

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

The Struggle Against Pandemic Influenza A (H1n1) 2009, Abdullah Balkhair

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Factors Contributing To The Spread Of Odontogenic Infections : A Prospective Pilot Study, Abdulaziz A. Bakathir, Khursheed F. Moos, Ashraf F. Bagg, Jeremy

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: Spreading odontogenic infections (SOI) are the commonest type of serious infections encountered in the orofacial region. A prospective multi-centre study was conducted in the West of Scotland to investigate the contributing role of social, systemic and microbial factors in the pathogenesis of SOI. Methods: Twenty-five patients with severe odontogenic infections were recruited over a period of six months. At admission, clinical assessment included temperature rise, haematological and biochemical investigations. Demographic data, social and past medical histories were obtained. Microbiology samples were collected to identify causative microorganisms and the clinical management of each infection was recorded. Results: Most infections were …

A Comparison Of The Wellbeing Of Orphans And Abandoned Children Ages 6–12 In Institutional And Community-Based Care Settings In 5 Less Wealthy Nations, Kathryn Whetten, Jan Ostermann, Rachel A. Whetten, Brian W. Pence, Karen O'Donnell, Lynne C. Messer, Nathan M. Thielman, The Positive Outcomes For Orphans (Pofo) Research Team

Faculty Publications

Background

Leaders are struggling to care for the estimated 143,000,000 orphans and millions more abandoned children worldwide. Global policy makers are advocating that institution-living orphans and abandoned children (OAC) be moved as quickly as possible to a residential family setting and that institutional care be used as a last resort. This analysis tests the hypothesis that institutional care for OAC aged 6–12 is associated with worse health and wellbeing than community residential care using conservative two-tail tests.

Methodology

The Positive Outcomes for Orphans (POFO) study employed two-stage random sampling survey methodology in 6 sites across 5 countries to identify 1,357 …

Relationship Between Green School Design And Student Achievement, Attendance, And Student Behaviors, Deborah Lynn Bruick

Theses and Dissertations

Literature is replete with the harmful effects of poorly maintained facilities on building occupants. School district officials are charged with constructing schools of quality while also serving as conscientious stewards of public monies, therefore, school leaders need facility research to support decision-making. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact that schools constructed following Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification standards have on student achievement, student attendance, and teacher's perceptions compared to non-LEED schools. The analysis revealed no significant difference for academic achievement or attendance but revealed a statistically significant difference between LEED and non-LEED teachers …

Total Serum Immunoglobulin Y In Steller's Eiders And A Surrogate Species As A Marker Of Humoral Immune Status And Viral Response, Maryann Bozza

Marine Biology

"Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and other sea duck species have undergone population declines in recent decades, and the causes for the declines remain largely unknown. As part of a study to investigate the role of disease in sea duck population declines, I further characterized Steller's eider humoral immunity by quantifying total serum immunoglobulin Y (IgY). Baseline values of total serum IgY were determined for a captive flock of Steller's eiders housed at the Alaska SeaLife Center using species-specific assays. There were no significant differences in total serum IgY between males and females or between seasons (molt and winter) for captive …

People And Nature: Toward An Ecological Model Of Health Promotion, Daniel L. Dustin, Kelly S. Bricker, Keri Schwab

Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration

Striving for a healthier relationship among individuals, families, communities, nations, and the environment is imperative at a time in history when humankind can change the face of the earth in monumental ways. This dynamic health relationship, with an emphasis on the contributions of parks, recreation, and tourism to health promotion, is the subject of this article. A broader conception of health that moves beyond human physical and mental health to include familial, communal, national, international, and global ecological health is called for, and a more comprehensive ecological model of health promotion, including consideration of health from a holistic ecological perspective, …

The Enemy Within: Microbes And Genes, Jamuna Vadivelu

Archival Material (2000s)

Life as we know would not exist without bacteria to decompose waste and dead organisms. These bacteria ensure that the cycle of chemical exchange between organisms and their environment is continuous. The environment plays a critical role as a source for the emergence of pathogens and in the manifestation, course, and prognosis of human and animal diseases. Bacteria survive in a host of environmental niches such as soil, surface waters, plants, and in humans. In each of these niches they have specific roles in order to survive. Amongst environmental factors the physiological characteristics, temperature and humidity are critical. In the …

Active Surveillance And Incidence Rate Of Dengue Infection In A Cohort Of High Risk Population In Maracay, Venezuela., Carlos Espino

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the absence of an effective vaccine, vector control and surveillance of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are the most important strategies currently used to reduce the impact of these diseases in affected population. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic dengue cases, the prevalence of antidengue antibodies, and to evaluate the laboratory and clinical aspects related to an active surveillance of dengue cases. In this study, active surveillance was incorporated as a part of the study design. At total of 3,255 people from four high risk neighborhoods were followed …

The Danger Signal Adenosine Induces Persistence Of Chlamydial Infection Through Stimulation Of A2b Receptors, Matthew A. Pettengill, Verissa W. Lam, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Infections with intracellular bacteria such as chlamydiae affect the majority of the world population. Infected tissue inflammation and granuloma formation help contain the short-term expansion of the invading pathogen, leading also to local tissue damage and hypoxia. However, the effects of key aspects of damaged inflamed tissues and hypoxia on continued infection with intracellular bacteria remain unknown. We find that development of Chlamydia trachomatis is reversibly retarded by prolonged exposure of infected cells to extracellular adenosine, a hallmark of hypoxia and advanced inflammation. In epithelial cells, this effect was mediated by the A2b adenosine receptor, unique in the adenosine receptor …

Antibiotic Use By Members Of The American Association Of Endodontics: A National Survey For 2009- A Follow Up From The Report In 1999, Pye Kyu

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in prescribing habits of active members of American Association of Endodontics (AAE) with regards to antibiotics in comparison to the findings reported by Yingling et al. in 1999. The invitations to take the online survey were sent via email to 2593 active members. A response rate of 37.75% was obtained. It was determined to be adequate for analysis and for comparison to the results obtained by Yingling et al. Comparisons between the percentages shown in this survey and the previous survey were tested using a z-test. An ANOVA model was …

Analysis Of Regulatory T Cell Activation Markers In Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (Fiv)-Infected And Control Placenta Samples From Early And Late Term Pregnancy, Nikki Nikkia Lockett

Theses and Dissertations

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is the leading cause of pediatric AIDS; however, mechanisms by which HIV compromises pregnancy are not understood. CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells play a role in pregnancy maintenance. RNA from early and late gestation placentas and fetuses from FIV-infected and control cats were probed for expression of FIV gag and Treg markers CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA4, using real time reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR. High rates of vertical transmission and reproductive failure were detected in early and late pregnancy. In control animals, both FOXP3 and CTLA4 expression decreased with gestational stage, indicating a natural decline in Tregs. Expression of FOXP3 …

Examining The Association Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake And Breast And Prostate Cancer Screening, Mark Yu

Theses and Dissertations

Breast and prostate cancer incidence and mortality have been steadily decreasing. Reasons for these reductions may be related to increased rates of cancer screening and other factors such as improvements in diet, including consumption of fruits and vegetables. We wanted to determine if individuals who get screened for breast and prostate cancer are more or less likely to consume adequate servings of fruit and vegetables. A cross-sectional study using the BRFSS survey was conducted. Individuals included in this study (n=26,222), were asked about their breast or prostate cancer screening history. They were also asked about their servings per day of …

The Role Of Cattle And Gulf Coast Ticks (Amblyomma Maculatum) In The Epidemiology Of Rickettsia Parkeri Infection, Kristine T. Edwards

Theses and Dissertations

I hypothesized cattle and Gulf Coast ticks (GCT), Amblyomma maculatum, may be involved in epidemiology of Rickettsia parkeri infection. I demonstrated transient rickettsemia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 17 kilodalton (kDa) gene in 33% (2/6) of calves experimentally exposed to R. parkeri either by direct inoculation or by placement of R. parkeri-infected GCT on calves’ ears. Calves (4/4) receiving GCT developed lesions at attachment sites consistent with a pathologic condition known as “gotch” ear whether or not GCT were infected with R. parkeri, suggesting the condition is related to GCT attachment and not to rickettsial infection. In calves …

Pathogen Entrance And Development Of Disease During Infection Of The American Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus By The Enterobacterium Edwardsiella Ictaluri, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble

Theses and Dissertations

Since being first reported in the late 1980ies, the Enterobacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri has rose in prevalence to become one of the two most damaging pathogens affecting the channel catfish industry. Despite this significance of the pathogen, understanding of the development of the disease, especially its route of entry into the host and the earlier stages of the infection, is still incomplete. A series of challenges were conducted using bioluminescent E. ictaluri either by infecting fish through immersion or topical application of the bacteria directly on the intact or abraded epithelium. This showed that abraded fish developed septicemia and died faster …

An Examination Of Crisis Preparedness At Christian-Affiliated Institutions Of Higher Education, Stacy M. Burrell

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine crisis preparedness at Christian-affiliated institutions of higher education. Second, this study examined Christian-affiliated institutions of higher education presidents’ perspective of their institution’s ability to prepare for crises based upon the four critical indicators of organizational crisis preparedness as described by Zdziarski (2001): a) the types of crisis institutions prepare for, b) the phase of crisis prepared for, c) the systems in place to respond to crisis, and d) the stakeholders involved and considered in preparations. Implications from this study provided recommendations for crisis preparedness that are specific to Christian-affiliated colleges and universities. …

Incentives For Poultry Integrators To Contract Bio-Secure Producers And Implication For Government Indemnification Program, Yichen Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

These recent events of H1N1 flu outbreak illustrate the potential ramifications of infectious diseases on modern society and how society responds to these threats. This thesis addresses the specific case of avian influenza in U.S. poultry production. By building an expected utility maximization model for integrators contracting with growers of varying bio-secure levels, one can investigate the relationship between the bio-secure choice of the poultry industry and their production performance. The model is empiricized using the Phoon, Quek, and Huang (PQH) simulation technique to conduct numerical analysis. The model selects the optimal percentage of bio-secure farms for the integrators to …

Inequality And Body Mass In Young Adulthood: Sex And Age Differences In Associated Effects, Jamie Lynn Boydstun

Theses and Dissertations

Approximately 63 percent of the U.S. adults are overweight or obese, however all groups are not affected equally. Little research has observed the obese compared to the overweight. This study aims to examine how measures associated with health differentially influence overweight and obesity. Data from the 2007 BRFSS were analyzed using logistic regression to assess variations due to socioeconomic, demographic, and health risk measures on overweight and obesity. Variations were assessed by age groups and sex. Differences across the subgroups were tested. The results showed that associated effects of overweight and obesity for young adults differ little from those of …

The Statesman, V. 53, I. 25, Stony Brook University

Stony Brook Statesman-Sucolian

v. 53, i. 25

Uab's Whitley Installed As President Of Infectious Diseases Society, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Whalesong 2009-12-09 (V.28 No.8), Randi Spray, Hollis Kitchin, Mallory Millay, Kent Kay, Taylor Murph, Jeremy Hsieh, Kendra Swearingen, Pat Race

Whalesong

No abstract provided.

Tuberculosis In Foreign-Born Persons In The State Of Minnesota And Tb Prevention Programs In Dakota And Olmsted Counties, Amin Mohamed

Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies

No abstract provided.

The 2009 H1n1 Influenza A “Swine Flu” Virus Presentation In Virginia 2009, Tammie Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: 2009 H1N1 influenza was first detected in the Northern Hemisphere in April 2009. National data have suggested that the novel influenza virus disproportionately causes severe illness in children and young adults, a somewhat different presentation from traditional seasonal flu which normally strikes hardest in the very young and older adults. This may or may not be the case in Virginia, which, if it is different, may suggest a need to alter flu prevention messages and vaccine policy as the outbreak continues through the fall 2009-10 influenza season. This report examined the early presentation of the new influenza virus in …