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The Bison: 2009, Howard University

Howard University Yearbooks

This digital object was funded in part through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The digitalization of this object was part of a collaborative effort with the Washington Research Library Consortium and George Washington University.

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Getting Real About Race And Prisoner Rights, Michael B. Mushlin, Naomi Roslyn Galtz

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article explores the connection between the dramatic increases in the incarceration of non-whites and the parallel decline in the legal protections for prisoners over the same period. Using the social sciences, the Article suggests that racial tensions play a role in the decisions made by both guards and prison administrators. Further, the authors argue that the communities of these non-white prisoners are the least well equipped to advocate for their well-being. Ultimately, the Article concludes that the law is not currently equipped to confront the possibility of dealing with race-based tensions and structural inequities that are present in the …

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Eighth Amedment Gaps: Can Conditions Of Confinement Litigation Benefit From Proportionality Theory?, Alexander A. Reinert

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article focuses on two separate issues deriving from the Eighth Amendment's "cruel and unusual punishment" clause. Specifically, it discusses classic conditions of confinement litigation and sentencing proportionality litigation. Confinement litigation includes cases challenging the lived experiences of prisoners such as overcrowding, excessive force, failure to provide adequate medical care, and deprivation of material needs. Sentencing proportionality litigation involves challenges to the length of a prison sentence or mode of punishment. The Article, unlike modern contemporary scholarship, attempts to draw connections between each doctrinal area, ultimately suggesting ways in which proportionality litigation can invigorate conditions litigation. Part I consists of …

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The Path Of Mentally Ill Offenders, William J. Rich

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Beginning with the premise that both the number and percentage of mentally ill inmates as sharply risen in recent years, this Article explores the path of mentally ill offenders in the American criminal justice system. It seeks to identify points of relief from the current crisis, in which a recent report stated that over 40% of state prisoners reported symptoms that met the criteria for mania. The challenge is exacerbated by the fact that prisons now provide a large share of the mental health treatment in the United States, taxing the resources of even the most progressive correctional systems. Part …

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Our Bandit Future? Cities, Shantytowns, And Climate Change Governance, Colin Crawford

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article seeks to begin to define a role for cities and their inhabitants in climate change governance. Part I argues that if there is a failure to take into account global urbanization and its defining characteristics, namely extreme squalor and associated social ills, as a central feature of climate change policy, we face a future where cities will experience sustained and perhaps intractable urban violence and social disintegration, a development that can only hasten the separate but related harms caused by climate change on the world’s human and biological populations. Part II explores some of the consequences of the …

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Cities And Accessibility: The Potential For Carbon Reductions And The Need For National Leadership, Keith Bartholomew

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article begins by outlining the elements that should be included in the framework for understanding how people interact with their built environments. Part II describes how the framework might be made operational through the use of an emerging technique called land-use transportation scenario planning. Part III assesses how well land-use transportation scenario planning fits within the dictates and limits of U.S. transportation law. The analysis ultimately reveals that it holds substantial promise as a tool that could lead to meaningful cuts in carbon emissions.

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The High Cost Of Segregation: Exploring Racial Disparities In High-Cost Lending, Vicki Been, Ingrid Ellen, Josiah Madar

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article argues that policy makers addressing racial disparities in the share of subprime mortgages must take into account the relationship between existing levels of racial segregation and the racial disparities in the types of mortgages homeowners received. The authors examine approximately 200 metropolitan areas across the country and note the significant racial disparities in the percentage of subprime mortgages received by different racial groups. Various mechanisms that explain these racial disparities are also explored. The authors ultimately conclude that residential segregation plays a significant role in shaping lending patterns.

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Over-Indebtedness, The Subprime Mortgage Crisis, And The Effect On U.S. Cities, A. Mechele Dickerson

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article discusses the rise of consumer debt in the United States, and argues that relaxed lending standards resulting in more people buying unaffordable homes. The current financial crisis and its effects on homeowners are examined, as well as policy responses to the crisis. The author suggests that instead of waiting for federal bailouts, localities take proactive steps to prevent the crisis from destroying their cities. Finally, the article stresses that the crisis threatens to leave urban areas with a significant number of abandoned homes and that an increase in distressed neighborhoods may reverse years of urban renewal projects.

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Rewriting Contracts, Wholesale: Data On Voluntary Mortgage Modifications From 2007 And 2008 Remittance Reports, Alan M. White

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article examines voluntary efforts by mortgage servicers to resolve the mortgage debt overhang by renegotiating mortgage terms with borrowers. Data from national reports on mortgage modifications, as well as from monthly remittance reports by mortgage servicers to their investors is analyzed. The author provides background of the voluntary plan to resolve the subprime mortgage crisis and previous reports on voluntary loan modifications, and presents data on loan modification outcomes. The author concludes that the voluntary mortgage renegotiation plan, while significantly reducing hardship for individual homeowners temporarily, does little to get at the underlying problem of debt overhang. Furthermore, that …

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Public Rights, Global Perspectives, And Common Law, Martha F. Davis

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article sets out the case that common law adjudication involving such claims as contractual breaches, wrongful termination, and tort can be, and often are, public rights litigation. Many common law decisions have significant impacts in the community, and—because of the nature of precedent—become quickly embedded in the law where they contribute to the outcomes of future cases as well. Common law cases are a particularly important aspect of public rights litigation because of the paucity of constitutional protections for economic and social rights. In the absence of constitutional protections for such rights, rigorous enforcement of common law claims addressing …

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Restoring Legal Aid To The Poor: A Call To End Draconian And Wasteful Restrictions, Rebekah Diller, Emily Savner

Fordham Urban Law Journal

A growing number of national, state, and local voices have called for reform of the legal services restrictions. Reports by Access to Justice and legal services commissions in eighteen states have identified the restrictions as substantial barriers to justice.Others have spoken out about the harms of the restrictions, and particularly their application to non-LSC funds. Describing a lawsuit filed by Oregon against the “program integrity rule,” Governor Ted Kulongoski said: “The important point is that for the first time a state is now party to a suit that attempts to free Legal Aid from restrictions that serve no purpose other …

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The Odyssey Of Palazzolo: Public Rights Litigation And Coastal Change, Laura J. Hatcher, Ph.D.

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The question of whether the state has the right to “take” (in the form of regulation) land in its coastal zones is a much more complex question that the courts, to date, have not been able to manage adequately. The problems faced along the coasts are difficult problems, and will likely not be settled by asking judges to determine the “rightness” of claims made through an adversarial process that tends to oversimplify situations in the process of constructing winnable legal arguments. Nor can we rely simply on administrative agencies or legislatures to protect the rights of individuals or protect them …

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"Whistle . . . And You've Got An Audience", Amanda C. Leiter

Fordham Urban Law Journal

One of the questions for discussion today is whether public rights litigation is an effective means of social change. This Article does not attempt an answer but begins to explore a set of issues central to any answer: the extent, types, uses, and potential shortcomings of government whistleblowing. There is considerable sociological and legal literature on government whistleblowing, but little of it addresses the issue from the angle relevant to maximizing the efficacy of public rights litigation. This Article begins to fill that gap. Part I discusses the importance of whistleblowers in the vindication and enforcement of public rights. Part …

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Facial And As-Applied Challenges Under The Roberts Court, Gillan E. Metzger

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Resistance to facial challenges is a recurring theme of the Roberts Court’s early years. Yet close analysis of the Court’s decisions suggests that its approach to facial and as-applied challenges is largely consistent with prior practice. Despite occasional description of as-applied challenges in narrow terms, it has expressly preserved the possibility that as-applied challenges could be brought pre-enforcement and allowed an as-applied challenge to be the vehicle for broad relief. It has also followed the Rehnquist Court in asserting wide remedial discretion to sever statutes to fit constitutional requirements, and even its strategic use of the facial/as-applied distinction is not …

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A "New Beginning" For Adolescents In Our Criminal Justice System, Judith S. Kaye

Fordham Urban Law Journal

As I step away from the bench, I am feeling more than ever what Dr. Martin Luther King called “the fierce urgency of now.” Now is the time for all of us who care about justice in this country to roll up our sleeves and get to work. We may be in a moment of crisis, but as the saying goes, a crisis is a terrible thing to waste. We urgently need to change our focus from jails and prisons to treatment, education, job training. So where is the “new beginning”? The “new beginning” is not a search for new …

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Stakeholder Inclusion And Shareholder Protection: New Governance And The Changing Landscape Of American Securities Regulation, Paul C. Kingsbery

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Allocation Of Educational Resources In Indiana School Districts And The Effect On 10Th Grade Istep+, Paul Kaiser

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The state of Indiana is currently requiring school systems to set financial goals to increase the amount of expenditures toward the classroom. On a national level, there is a push to reach the concept of the 65% solution and now specifically local representatives are discussing this concept. This concept expects school districts to spend 65% of their total general fund revenue on instruction. Currently the Indiana Office of Management and Budget must analyze and report to the State Board, the Governor, and the General Assembly concerning the progress each school corporation has made to improve the ratio of Student Instructional …

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The Role Of Psychopathy And Social Interest In The Prediction Of Probation Outcome, Joshua L. White

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a result of increasing reliance on probation and parole systems, researchers have begun to explore psychological constructs that may enhance the ability to predict community supervision outcomes. Previous research suggests that psychopathic traits are inversely related to successful outcomes, while social interest shows a positive relationship with successful outcomes (Daugherty, Murphy, & Paugh, 2001; Hart, Kropp, & Hare, 1988). Past research has largely been conducted with Caucasian male participants, creating a question of how well these findings generalize to other demographic groups. The current study aimed to replicate and expand the generalizability of findings from Springer (2005) who found …

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Pumpkin Variety Performance With And Without Treatment For Powdery Mildew In Northern Indiana, 2008, Elizabeth T. Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

"Pumpkins for decorative use are grown on more than 4000 acres in Indiana. Combined acreage in Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio represents about a quarter of pumpkins grown for decorative use in the U.S. Successful pumpkin production requires the use of cultivars that yield well and produce pumpkins of the size, shape, color, and quality demanded by the market. Genetic resistance to the fungal disease powdery mildew is present in some varieties. This trial was designed to evaluate performance of pumpkin varieties in northern Indiana with and without treatment for powdery mildew. The trial included twelve jack-o-lantern size pumpkins, two …

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Law And Learning In An Era Of Globalization, Harry W. Arthurs

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Keeping Ethical Investment Ethical: Regulatory Issues For Investing For Sustainability, Benjamin J. Richardson

Articles & Book Chapters

Regulation must target the financial sector, which often funds and profits from environmentally unsustainable development. In an era of global financial markets, the financial sector has a crucial impact on the state of the environment. The long-standing movement for ethically and socially responsible investment (SRI) has recently begun to advocate environmental standards for financiers. While this movement is gaining more adherents, it has increasingly justified responsible financing as a path to be prosperous, rather than virtuous. This trend partly owes to how financial institutions view their legal responsibilities. The business case motivations that now predominantly drive SRI are not sufficient …

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Gender-Benders': Sex And Law In The Constitution Of Polluted Bodies, Dayna Nadine Scott

Articles & Book Chapters

This paper explores how law might conceive of the injury or harm of endocrine disruption as it applies to an aboriginal community experiencing chronic chemical pollution. The effect of the pollution in this case is not only gendered, but gendering: it seems to be causing the ‘production’ of two girl babies for every boy born on the reserve. This presents an opening to interrogate how law is implicated in the constitution of not just gender but sex. The analysis takes an embodied turn, attempting to validate the real and material consequences of synthetic chemicals acting on bodies — but uncovers …

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The Hollowing Out Of Corporate Canada: Implications For Transnational Labor Law, Policy And Practice, Harry W. Arthurs

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Reforming Intellectual Property Law: An Obvious And Not-So-Obvious Agenda, David Vaver

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Gene–Environment Interactions Across Development: Exploring Drd2 Genotype And Prenatal Smoking Effects On Self-Regulation, Sandra A. Wiebe, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Christian Stopp, Jennifer Respass, Peter Stewart, Travis R. Jameson, David G. Gilbert, Jodi I. Huggenvik

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Genetic factors dynamically interact with both pre- and postnatal environmental influences to shape development. Considerable attention has been devoted to gene–environment interactions (G × E) on important outcomes (A. Caspi & T. E. Moffitt, 2006). It is also important to consider the possibility that these G × E effects may vary across development, particularly for constructs like self-regulation that emerge slowly, depend on brain regions that change qualitatively in different developmental periods, and thus may be manifested differently. To illustrate one approach to exploring such developmental patterns, the relation between variation in the TaqIA polymorphism, related to D2 dopamine receptor …

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Daily Negative Mood Affects Fasting Glucose In Type 2 Diabetes, Marilyn M. Skaff, Joseph T. Mullan, David M. Almeida, Lesa Hoffman, Umesh Masharani, David Mohr, Lawrence Fisher

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine the relationship between mood and blood glucose in a 21-day daily diary study.
Design: During a home visit, information was gathered from 206 persons with Type 2 diabetes regarding demographics, disease characteristics and treatment, and depressive symptoms. They had blood drawn at a laboratory, yielding HbA1C. The participants were then telephoned each evening for 21 days and were asked about their positive and negative mood during the past 24 hours. They also tested their blood glucose upon rising in the morning.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes measures were positive and negative affect and fasting glucose.
Results: …

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Epistatic Interaction Between Comt And Dat1 Genes On Eating Behavior: A Pilot Study, Samantha L. Hersrud, Scott F. Stoltenberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Problems related to food and weight in women may be influenced by the (DA) dopamine system. Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) exert control on concentrations of extracellular DA. High and low functioning alleles of the COMT Val158Met and DAT1 3’ UTR VNTR polymorphisms have been identified, and their associations with reward and cognition suggest a role in the modulation of eating behavior. A sample of undergraduate college women (N = 71) was characterized for binge eating and eating psychopathology and genotyped for the COMT and DAT1 markers. Results revealed a significant epistatic interaction between COMT and DAT1 …

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What’S Fair In Foul Weather And Fair? Distributive Justice Across Different Allocation Contexts And Goods, John T. Scott, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The Gulf coast hurricanes of a few years ago vividly highlighted important questions concerning the fair distribution of resources that are of continual concern in the more mundane distributive policies of the modern state. We present an experimental study of allocation decisions across two allocation contexts—nonemergency and emergency (flood) conditions—and with regard to qualitatively different goods—money, prescription medicine, and food. Distributive behavior is likely to vary across context and good depending on how individuals weigh distinct and competing allocation principles—merit, need, and equality here—in different circumstances. We find that allocation behavior is complex but structured, with context and good having …

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Child Maltreatment History Among Newlywed Couples : A Longitudinal Study Of Marital Outcomes And Mediating Pathways, David Dilillo, James Peugh, Kate Walsh, Jillian Panuzio, Emily Trask, Sarah Evans

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Participants included 202 newlywed couples who reported retrospectively about child maltreatment experiences (sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect) and whose marital functioning was assessed 3 times over a 2-year period. Decreased marital satisfaction at T1 was predicted by childhood physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect for husbands; only neglect predicted lower satisfaction for wives. Increased maltreatment of various types was also related to T1 difficulties with marital trust and partner aggression. Dyadic growth curve analyses showed that the marital difficulties reported at T1 tended to remain over the course of the study. Further, in several instances, maltreatment exerted …

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Repeated Antipsychotic Treatment Progressively Potentiates Inhibition On Phencyclidine-Induced Hyperlocomotion, But Attenuates Inhibition On Amphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion: Relevance To Animal Models Of Antipsychotic Drugs, Tao Sun, Gang Hu, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Clinical obervations indicate that antipsychotic action starts early and increases in magnitude with repeated treatment. Animal models that faithfully capture this time course of action are few. Inhibition of hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine or phencyclidine has been widely used as a screening tool for the antipsychotic activity of a drug. We thus investigated whether repeated antipsychotic treatment could produce an early-onset and progressively increased antagonistic effect on amphetamine or phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion as a way of assessing the validity of such models in capturing time course of antipsychotic action. One each of the five consecutive test days, different groups of rats …

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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Bison: 2009, Howard University

Howard University Yearbooks

Getting Real About Race And Prisoner Rights, Michael B. Mushlin, Naomi Roslyn Galtz

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Eighth Amedment Gaps: Can Conditions Of Confinement Litigation Benefit From Proportionality Theory?, Alexander A. Reinert

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The Path Of Mentally Ill Offenders, William J. Rich

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Our Bandit Future? Cities, Shantytowns, And Climate Change Governance, Colin Crawford

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Cities And Accessibility: The Potential For Carbon Reductions And The Need For National Leadership, Keith Bartholomew

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The High Cost Of Segregation: Exploring Racial Disparities In High-Cost Lending, Vicki Been, Ingrid Ellen, Josiah Madar

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Over-Indebtedness, The Subprime Mortgage Crisis, And The Effect On U.S. Cities, A. Mechele Dickerson

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Rewriting Contracts, Wholesale: Data On Voluntary Mortgage Modifications From 2007 And 2008 Remittance Reports, Alan M. White

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Public Rights, Global Perspectives, And Common Law, Martha F. Davis

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Restoring Legal Aid To The Poor: A Call To End Draconian And Wasteful Restrictions, Rebekah Diller, Emily Savner

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The Odyssey Of Palazzolo: Public Rights Litigation And Coastal Change, Laura J. Hatcher, Ph.D.

Fordham Urban Law Journal

"Whistle . . . And You've Got An Audience", Amanda C. Leiter

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Facial And As-Applied Challenges Under The Roberts Court, Gillan E. Metzger

Fordham Urban Law Journal

A "New Beginning" For Adolescents In Our Criminal Justice System, Judith S. Kaye

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Stakeholder Inclusion And Shareholder Protection: New Governance And The Changing Landscape Of American Securities Regulation, Paul C. Kingsbery

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Allocation Of Educational Resources In Indiana School Districts And The Effect On 10Th Grade Istep+, Paul Kaiser

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Role Of Psychopathy And Social Interest In The Prediction Of Probation Outcome, Joshua L. White

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pumpkin Variety Performance With And Without Treatment For Powdery Mildew In Northern Indiana, 2008, Elizabeth T. Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Law And Learning In An Era Of Globalization, Harry W. Arthurs

Articles & Book Chapters

Keeping Ethical Investment Ethical: Regulatory Issues For Investing For Sustainability, Benjamin J. Richardson

Articles & Book Chapters

Gender-Benders': Sex And Law In The Constitution Of Polluted Bodies, Dayna Nadine Scott

Articles & Book Chapters

The Hollowing Out Of Corporate Canada: Implications For Transnational Labor Law, Policy And Practice, Harry W. Arthurs

Articles & Book Chapters

Reforming Intellectual Property Law: An Obvious And Not-So-Obvious Agenda, David Vaver

Articles & Book Chapters

Gene–Environment Interactions Across Development: Exploring Drd2 Genotype And Prenatal Smoking Effects On Self-Regulation, Sandra A. Wiebe, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Christian Stopp, Jennifer Respass, Peter Stewart, Travis R. Jameson, David G. Gilbert, Jodi I. Huggenvik

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Daily Negative Mood Affects Fasting Glucose In Type 2 Diabetes, Marilyn M. Skaff, Joseph T. Mullan, David M. Almeida, Lesa Hoffman, Umesh Masharani, David Mohr, Lawrence Fisher

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Epistatic Interaction Between Comt And Dat1 Genes On Eating Behavior: A Pilot Study, Samantha L. Hersrud, Scott F. Stoltenberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

What’S Fair In Foul Weather And Fair? Distributive Justice Across Different Allocation Contexts And Goods, John T. Scott, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Child Maltreatment History Among Newlywed Couples : A Longitudinal Study Of Marital Outcomes And Mediating Pathways, David Dilillo, James Peugh, Kate Walsh, Jillian Panuzio, Emily Trask, Sarah Evans

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Repeated Antipsychotic Treatment Progressively Potentiates Inhibition On Phencyclidine-Induced Hyperlocomotion, But Attenuates Inhibition On Amphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion: Relevance To Animal Models Of Antipsychotic Drugs, Tao Sun, Gang Hu, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications