Digital Commons Network^™

Wto Law As Leverage : An Inquiry Into The Dynamics Of Climate Negotiations Between China And The United States, Dan Partan

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Current U.S. “cap & trade” federal legislative proposals seek to maintain competitiveness of U.S. industry by requiring certain importers to obtain greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions permits equivalent to the permits required from U.S. producers. Currently neither U.S. nor Chinese producers are subject to such a rule. If China does not adopt what the U.S. views as a “comparable” GHG emissions permit system, it is widely expected that the U.S. Congress will require GHG emissions permit for imports. It is also widely expected that China will challenge U.S. a GHG emissions permit requirement applied to Chinese exports as in violation of …

The Non-Cooperator Pays Principle : Pragmatic Norms And The Us-China Mitigation Standoff, Jonathan Symons

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

If the US and EU agree to stringent emission targets in a post-Kyoto successor agreement but China does not, would carbon tariffs on Chinese imports be justified? A dominant view of climate justice affirms the 'polluter pays principle' as the most appropriate distributive principle for allocating the costs of mitigating climate change and asserts that carbon tariffs on developing world imports are unjust. Against this widely accepted standard of justice this paper defends the appropriateness of more pragmatic climate norms. In particular the paper defends a forward-looking 'non-cooperator pays' principle which states that under the condition of anarchy, actors negotiating …

Climate Duties, Human Rights And Historic Emissions, Derek Bell

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

The problem of global climate change cannot be resolved without the cooperation of both China and the USA. However, neither government appears close to signing up to mandatory emissions reductions. Both nations defend their climate policies by appealing to ideas of fairness, equity and justice. This paper outlines the arguments offered by Chinese opponents of mandatory emissions reductions, highlighting three central claims about historical responsibility, ability to pay and the right to development. The first part of the paper examines these claims, the arguments supporting them, the relationships among them and their implications for a just global climate regime. Two …

Mitigation Of Short-Lived Greenhouse Gases As The Foundation For A Fair And Effective Climate Compromise Between China And The West, Frances C. Moore, Michael C. Maccracken

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Short-lived greenhouse gases that also contribute to air pollution are playing a major role in global warming. Black carbon alone is likely the second or third most important climate forcing agent. The short atmospheric lifetime of these pollutants means that, unlike CO2, reducing emissions produces a decrease in atmospheric concentration and a reduction of the radiative forcing that drives climate change. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone also have large negative effects at the regional and local level contributing substantially to indoor and urban air pollution and the formation of Atmospheric Brown Clouds that disrupt regional climate. Moreover, technologies to reduce …

Differentiating (Historic) Responsibilities For Climate Change : Exploring The Case Of China, Christian Ellermann, Niklas Höhne

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Following the conclusion of the official work of the Ad hoc group for the modelling and assessment of contributions of climate change (MATCH), this paper takes a look on the politically more sensitive aspect of the Brazilian Proposal, namely the issue of differentiating (historic) responsibility for, and not merely (causal) contribution to climate change. Its aim is (i) to highlight the fact that, while related, the two issues (‘contribution to’ and ‘responsibility for’) are fundamentally different and should not be confused, (ii) to propose a methodology of calculating shares of responsibilities as opposed to the shares in causal contribution arrived …

The Right To Equal Aspirations And The Obligation To Be Different, As A Basis For A Common Future, Olivia Bina

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

By virtue of its sheer size and growth trajectory, China knows it cannot be ignored. The question is whether it can offer leadership in terms of greater responsibility, both towards its own people and the rest of the world. The climate change crisis is the ultimate expression of unsustainable patterns of growth. Based on this perspective of the climate change debate, I explore the theme of responsibility as traditionally focused around the need to limit emissions, but also in terms of the obligation to pursue development aspirations through a different path. I consider the argument that China’s leadership has an …

The Chinese [Climate] Box : A Scalar Approach To Evaluating Ethical Obligations In Climate Strategies For China, Erich W. Schienke

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Assuming that all nations have the ethical obligation to reduce emissions to their global fair share, this paper investigates how distributive and procedural justice obligations, under the broader rubric of Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change program, play out across various political and ecological scales in China. As China is such a large and necessary player in any global strategies for addressing climate change, it is imperative that the nation receive closer ethical investigation across scales and sectors, and that other nations and multi-national corporations do their fair share in helping China's various regions and sectors reach its obligations in a …

Social Economic And Political Aspects Of Climate Change, Anandi Sharan

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Instead of the notion that “developing countries will be able to use emission backed currency units to pay off their debts”, we find “developing countries must forgive developed countries their $ debts so that the ecbu-based climate regime can be introduced.” Looking at foreign debt as it stands, India may not yet have an interest in an emission backed currency unit (ecbu), and other developing countries might or might not either, or too, not until the dollar mess is sorted out. More important before the introduction of the emission backed currency unit is the demise of the dollar economies and …

Global Sustainability, Climate Change And China : The Need For A New Paradigm For International Cooperation, Mukul Sanwal

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

The basic assumptions of global environmental sustainability around international cooperation that were laid out fifty years ago no longer hold. This common understanding was based on the fact of the historical responsibility of developed countries for causing the pollution – developed countries would do whatever has to be done and support developing countries through provision of financial resources and technology. Therefore, to ensure global sustainability, we have to seriously consider whether adopting a defensive posture in the ongoing climate negotiations is the best policy or, with the balance of economic power shifting out of the United States and Europe to …

Getting Hotter : How Could China’S Climate Change Policy Trajectory Impact A Post-Kyoto Accord?, Gloria Jean Gong

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

China’s unprecedented economic growth has given rise to equally rapid increases in greenhouse gas emissions. China has already ratified the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols, yet as the international community looks beyond Kyoto, China’s willingness to adhere to binding emissions standards remains a critical question. This study describes and analyzes the factors that influence China’s possible participation in a binding greenhouse gas emissions treaty. Existing international treaty compliance models often overlook China’s own official policies and stances toward such treaties. This study examines China’s current climate change policy, historical adjustments of that policy, and potential future trajectory to determine the factors …

Two Logics Of Climate Change Games : Environmental Governance And Know-How Competition, Hongyuan Yu

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Global warming and the resulting climate change present the world with major and potentially devastating challenges. They lead to environmental degradation/scarcity and a radical reform of the energy mix among industrial countries, in addition to other nontraditional security concerns.2 From the 1992 Rio Summit through the Kyoto Conference and the Bali Roadmap, a generation has passed since the world's governments began to seriously consider the problems of global warming and the resulting climate change. It is now patently clear that the world should get together to combat the climate disaster. However, we are always confused with two questions: why has …

Climate Change, Water, And China’S Security : Implications For Global Cooperation On Climate Change, Scott Moore

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

This paper links the issues of climate change, water, and China’s security, arguing that the water-related impacts of climate change post significant strategic challenges for China and Asia, with consequent implications for China’s participation and engagement in global climate change cooperation efforts. Specifically, water-related climate impacts will strain the capacity of many key public institutions, and imperil the government’s strategic development objectives. Recognizing these imperatives points the way toward a strategic dialogue with China on climate change. This paper first discusses scientific assessments of predicted hydrological changes in China and neighboring countries under climate change, progressing to a security analysis …

Introduction, Paul G. Harris

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

In December 2009, diplomats will meet in Copenhagen to finalize what many hope will be a strong agreement to fight global warming and climate change. They will grapple with how to address these problems in light of new scientific findings showing that the adverse effects of global warming are happening sooner and are more severe than scientists predicted only a year or two ago. Some countries, notably in Europe, have started to take serious steps to limit and in several cases reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

However, those efforts have been very slow in coming, …

Differentiated Interdisciplinary Science Instruction In A Fourth Grade Inclusion Classroom, Laura Oliver

Theses and Dissertations

This action research project explored what would happen if interdisciplinary, differentiated instruction was used during a science unit on recycling in a fourth grade inclusion classroom of 20 students. The project also focused in particular on the progress of two throughout the project's implementation. Four differentiated techniques were used throughout the unit. These included a tiered writing assignment, student choice based on interests, centers, and a RAFT, which was a summative assessment that allowed for student creativity based on their own interests and readiness. Using field notes, journal entries, student grades, and student surveys the data revealed a notable difference …

Missoula Students Receive Um Scholarships, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Missoula Students Receive Um Bonhomme Scholarships, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Roşia Montană Cultural Heritage In The Context Of A New Mining Development, Adrian Gligor, Calin Tamas

Studia UBB Geologia

The Roşia Montană Project represents a responsible mining project in progress in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. It is the first mining project developed in Romania according to up-to-date Romanian and international (EU) standards. Besides specific geological and mining aspects, the Project comprises various other aspects concerning the culture and the community. The present paper presents the cultural heritage of Roşia Montană in the framework of the new mining development proposed by Roşia Montană Gold Corporation.

Does Sorting Make A Difference In The Sat’S Prediction Of Course Grades And Cumulative Gpa At Macalester College?, Yuen Ting Liu

Economics Honors Projects

This paper estimates the predictive power of the SAT for college success. Most studies use GPA as a proxy for college success, but GPA is subject to differing grading standards across instructors and departments. Using individual course grades of Macalester College students from 1996 to 2005, this paper uses fixed effects to control for students sorting themselves into particular departments and courses. After controlling for sorting by major, a general trend emerges: the Math SAT is more predictive for science and math-related social science majors while the Verbal SAT is more predictive for language majors. After controlling for sorting by …

Great Falls Students Receive Um Scholarships, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Western News, June 4, 2009, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: WMU receives gold ‘green’ designation; Foster student efforts garner $500,000 Kellogg Foundation grant; Service anniversaries for June; On Campus with Faith Wicklund.

Central Florida Future, Vol. 41 No. 49, June 4, 2009

Central Florida Future

Budget prolongs Arts construction; Uncover Thursdays; Like a Rock; Plus: New Vegan restaurant serves up a new, healthy eco-friendly alternative; Bargain theater gives you a second chance to see it on the big screen!; Planned burns benefit nature; UCF rock climbers reach top of competition.

Nuclear Power As Carbon-Free Energy? The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, Mariah Zebrowski

Colorado Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Bg News June 3, 2009, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. June 3, 2009. Volume 99-Issue 153.

The Pulling Power Of Marquee Courses: The Changing Curriculum And Quality Reference Services, Maureen Cech, Nevenka Zdravkovska, Robert Kackley

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

No abstract provided.

Climate And Demography In Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated 14c Dates As Population Proxies, Felix Riede

Human Biology

Although difficult to estimate for prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations, demographic variables—population size, density, and the connectedness of demes—are critical for a better understanding of the processes of material culture change, especially in deep prehistory. Demography is the middle-range link between climatic changes and both biological and cultural evolutionary trajectories of human populations. Much of human material culture functions as a buffer against climatic changes, and the study of prehistoric population dynamics, estimated through changing frequencies of calibrated radiocarbon dates, therefore affords insights into how effectively such buffers operated and when they failed. In reviewing a number of case studies (Mesolithic Ireland, …

Collaboration And The Beaverhead-Deerlodge Partnership: The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly, Ted Fellman

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Harmonisation Of Global Land-Use Scenarios For The Period 1500–2100 For Ipcc-Ar5, George C. Hurtt, L P. Chini, Steve Frolking, R A. Betts, J Feddema, G Fischer, Kees Klein Goldewijk, K Hibbard, A Janetos, C D. Jones, G Kindermann, T Kinoshita, K Riahi, E Shevliakova, S Smith, E Stehfest, A Thomson, P E. Thornton, D P. Van Vuuren, Ying Ping Wang

Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Champagne Seas—Foretelling The Ocean’S Future?, J Hall-Spencer, E Rauer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Imagine you are an ocean researcher and you want to study the ecological impacts of ocean acidification. You know from studies carried out under controlled laboratory conditions that lowered pH can impact the physiology, growth, and development of certain organisms. What you want to know next is how these changes in individual species translate into the direct and indirect ecological changes that occur in the open ocean. Here we summarize the results from a new approach to understanding the ecological implications of ocean acidification: observational studies and IN SITU experimentation at ocean sites with low pH and high CO2.

Ethno-Medicinal Uses And Agro-Biodiversity Of Barmana Region In Bilaspur District Of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya, Pankaj Sharma, Neel Kamal Mishra

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

India is one of the richest countries in traditional knowledge, because of its ambient biodiversity, variety of habitats and rich ethnic divergence. Thus we have had well established local health tradition still relevant in indigenous healthcare system. The paper provides first hand information on the agro-biodiversity and ethno-medicinal uses of the area. In the present study 50 species belonging to 37 genera and 17 families i.e. Shrub (1 spp.), tree (1 spp.), herb (48 spp.) were recorded under the agro-biodiversity region of the area. The utilization pattern of the species indicated that leaves of 22 species, stem of 1 species …

Pages News, Volume 17, No. 2, June 2009, Mark Siddall, William G. Thompson, Claire Waelbroeck

PAGES

Contents: Inside PAGES -- PAGES calendar -- Tales from the field -- New on the PAGES Bookshelf -- Special Section: Understanding sea level: Ways forward from the past -- Editorial: Past ice sheet dynamics and sea level—placing the future in context -- Science Highlights -- Recent Antarctic and Greenland ice-mass fluxes from satellite observations -- U-series dating of fossil coral reefs: Consensus and controversy -- Using models to inform the field community: Far-field sea level data applications -- PLIOMAX: Pliocene maximum sea level project -- The dimensions of the Greenland Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum -- Extending the …