Digital Commons Network^™

Sucrose Concentration Preference In Nectarivorous Bats, November 2009, Kyle Bevers

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Nectarivorous bats perform vital pollination services for many tropical plant species. While nectarivorous bats have been shown to prefer higher percentages of sucrose in past studies, bat pollinated flowers usually offer a lower sugar concentration in the nectar, equal to 18 percent sucrose on average, thus forcing bats to visit more flowers. Visiting flowers increases outcrossing, pollination, and subsequently, plant fitness. This study attempts to see where bat’s preferences, if any, exist for sucrose within the natural range of bat pollinated flowers. For nine nights, bats were observed at Selvatura Park in Monteverde, Costa Rica, where they forage at hummingbird …

The Effects Of Habitat Heterogeneity In The Parasocial Orb-Weaver Metabus Gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae), November 2009, Sara Wilbur

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Metabus gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae) is a colonial, orb-weaving spider, conspicuous along streams and rivers in Central America. These spiders construct individual webs along anchor lines spanning small waterways, placing foraging spiders in areas of high insect traffic. Riparian habitats are characterized by heterogeneity of physical factors, such as rainfall, temperature, and cloud cover. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of habitat heterogeneity on daily M. gravidus presence. M. gravidus individuals in webs were counted daily in nineteen colonies along La Quebrada Máquina in Monteverde, Puntarenas province, Costa Rica. Abiotic conditions, such as previous 24-hour rainfall, temperature, …

Incidence Of Pigment Change In Werauhia (Bromeliaceae) Uncorrelated With Canopy Cover Level, November 2009, Rachelle Sloss

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

The study of plant adaptation to changing habitat is particularly important in the face of continuing habitat destruction in the tropics. Habitat fragmentation will likely increase light intensity for tropical flora in these areas. Plants often respond to such changes by increasing concentrations of secondary pigment, like anthocyanins and carotenoids, as a photoprotective mechanism. Plants may also increase the ratio of chlorophyll a:b in high light because they have less need for shade-adapted accessory pigments like chlorophyll b. However, in the Werauhia bromeliads studied, average anthocyanin and carotenoid concentrations decreased while chlorophyll a:b ratio increased. The decrease in anthocyanins and …

Leaf Choice In Dryas Iulia (Nymphalidae Heliconiinae) Cyanide Content And Toughness, November 2009, Ashley Arthur

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Vines in the Passifloraceae synthesize cyanogenic glycosides that deter general herbivores, but Heliconiinae butterfly larvae such as Dryas iulia have overcome this and utilize Passiflora leaves as larval food. Ovipositing adult females and larvae may access the suitability of leaves caused by various plant defenses such as cyanide content and leaf toughness. D. iulia adult females show no preference in cyanide content (9.01μg ± 28.3, 5.77μg ± 12.6) or toughness (238.67g ± 78.4, 266.58g ± 123.1) for ovipostion, yet larvae prefer leaves with a significantly lower cyanide content (9.01μg ± 28.3, 0.47μg ± 0.51) then the average available leaf but …

Effect Of Cecropia Polyphlebia, Cecropia Obtusifolia, And Bidens Pilosa On Human Lung Capacity, November 2009, Michelle Gin

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Traditional medicine is used by 80% of the world population as their primary care. Monteverde, Costa Rica houses a rich flora including Cecropia polyphlebia (Cecropiaceae), Cecropia obtusifolia (Cecropiaceae), and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) that have been identified as medicinal plants to reduce the symptoms of asthma and other respiratory ailments. Fifty-eight human subjects were divided into four groups of tea treatments, including Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile (Asteraceae) as a control. Lung capacity was measured using the amount of air blown into a balloon in a single breath. Initial (pre-treatment) as well as the immediate and long-term effects of plant extracts on lung …

Altitudinal Soil Continuums Of Andisols On The Atlantic Slope Of The Tilaran Mountain Range (Costa Rica), November 2009, Tyler Reynolds

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Presently, little is known about soils along an altitudinal gradient on the Atlantic Slope of the Tilarán Mountain Range in Costa Rica, so soil samples were taken and horizons were measured, on altitudinal transects from 1700m to 1300m in elevation. Precipitation patterns, decomposition rates, litterfall rates, temperature, and soil parent material depth, are recognized as playing important roles in the % soil root mass and nutrient cycles of tropical mountain soils. This study looks to find trends between these soil formation and maintenance factors, and altitude. These data present significant positive correlations of soil Nitrate-N and Phosphorus concentrations with elevation, …

Duet Response Songs And Territorial Defense In The Gray-Breasted Wood Wren (Henicorhina Leucostica Troglodytidae), November 2009, Ali Corley

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Bird song serves a wide variety of functions. Avian duetting is one form of bird song that is especially common in the tropics but whose function is still not well understood. The Joint Territorial Defense and Acoustic Mate Guarding hypotheses explain duetting as either a cooperative form of song, in which a pair is working together to accomplish a common goal, or conflicting form of song, in which each bird in a pair is singing for individual motives. Under Joint Territorial Defense theory, pairs sing duets to better defend their territories. The Acoustic Mate Guarding theory predicts that pairs sing …

Homegardens Of Monteverde: Exploring Changes In Home Crop Cultivation, November 2009, Abigail Smith

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Homegardens are model forms of sustainable land use in tropical agroforestry systems. Known as an assembly of varied crops and animals, these small homestead farms provide a cheap, nutritional source of food to the family while maintaining the biodiversity and productivity of the surrounding ecosystem. With the introduction of ecotourism into the Monteverde area, an economy traditionally based on agriculture shifted towards tourism services, thus changing the underlying dynamics of the community. Thirty families of the Monteverde area were interviewed and provided information relating to homegarden contents, family history, and lifestyle choices. This study shows that homegardens have declined significantly …

Understanding The Effects Of Secondary Succession On Soil Nutrient Concentration And Soil Macro-Invertebrates, November 2009, Rebecca Goldstein

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

When agricultural land is abandoned, secondary succession is known to occur within the plant community, but little is known about the effects of regeneration on the soil. Since plant richness and productivity is tightly correlated with nutrient availability, I investigated the effect of time after regeneration on nutrient levels and macro-invertebrate richness. I sampled six sites ranging in age of regeneration (0 years, 7 years, 11 years, 19 years, 45 years, and primary) measured at the concentration (lb/acre) of potassium, phosphorous, iron, and nitrate nitrogen and counted the morpho-species richness. Potassium and phosphorous concentrations were significantly correlated with age of …

The Applicability Of The River Continuum Concept To The Upper Reaches Of A Neotropical Lower Montane Stream, November 2009, Nicholas Skaff

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

The applicability of the River Continuum Concept (RCC) to the upper reaches of Quebrada Máquina, a lower montane stream in Monteverde, Costa Rica, was examined. Macroinvertebrate samples were taken from ten points along the stream from first through fourth order segments. The families of the collected individuals were then categorized based on functional feeding group. The similarity between the families found at each collection point was calculated, along with correlations between the functional groups and various stream characteristics. In most cases, RCC predictions did not apply to Quebrada Máquina. The first (first order) and last (fourth order) sample points were …

Revisiting Downs' Issue-Attention Cycle: International Terrorism And U.S. Public Opinion, Karen K. Petersen

Journal of Strategic Security

Lamenting the lack of public awareness of international events and U.S. foreign policy is not a particularly novel exercise; yet, explaining the process by which issues enter and exit the public realm remains a challenging endeavor. Despite contributions from researchers working in international relations and mass communication, explaining public inattentiveness continues to vex scholars. However, in his article, "Up and Down with Ecology: The 'Issue-Attention Cycle,'" Anthony Downs provides a parsimonious and tractable model of public opinion that can be applied to foreign policy issues.1 While Downs concerns himself exclusively with domestic issues, particularly environmental issues, his model has thepotential …

Islamist Distortions: Hizb Ut- Tahrir A Breeding Ground For Al- Qaida Recruitment, Krishna Mungur

Journal of Strategic Security

In 1953, a radical splinter organization from the Muslim Brotherhood,Hizb ut-Tahrir (HuT), was founded by the Al-Azhar University (Cairo,Egypt) educated jurist Sheikh Taqiuddin an-Nabhani who criticized theMuslim Brotherhood for collaborating with Egyptian secularists, such as Gamal Abdel Nasser. A sizable portion of the more radical members of the Muslim Brotherhood broke away, to join Nabhani's budding movement. Today, HuT is known to operate in more than forty countries, calling for the restoration of the Islamic Caliphate, with a history of violence and links to violent terrorist organizations. Given increasing tensions in the region over the presence of coalition troops, Predator …

Clark Memorandum: Fall 2009, J. Reuben Clark Law Society, Byu Law School Alumni Association, J. Reuben Clark Law School

The Clark Memorandum

• Latter-day Saint Lawyers and the Public Square (Elder Quentin L. Cook)
• Originalist Roots of Substantive Due Process (Frederick Mark Gedicks)
• The Triumph of the Atonement (Elder Earl C. Tingey)
• The Heart of Lawyering (Kristin B. Gerdy)

The Marriage Contract In Fine Art, Benjamin A. Templin

Northern Illinois University Law Review

From the fifteenth- to eighteenth-centuries, artists across Europe and England painted a scene depicting the negotiation of a marriage contract. In nearly every painting, a notary sits or stands at a table, quill in hand, memorializing the details of the dowry transfer. Some artists celebrated the accord, while others condemned arranged marriages made for purposes of status and money. Interestingly, at the same time the artists painted, massive changes occurred in the law and political philosophy aimed at changing some of the inherent problems in marriage law, such as the rights of women, the influence of parents, and divorce. To …

Mba Viewbook, Bryant University

Bryant University Communications and Press

No abstract provided.

Islam And End-Of-Life Organ Donation, Giles N. Cattermole, Mohamed Y. Rady, Joseph L. Verheijde

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Grounded: Practicing What We Preach, Sam M. Intrator, Robert Kunzman

Education and Child Study: Faculty Publications

In this article we explore the challenges faced by teacher educators who struggle with the emotional and intellectual distance between their work in the university setting and the K-12 classroom. We consider the benefits of having teacher educators find ways to teach children and youth in K-12 contexts as part of their role as teacher educators--how living and working across both contexts can help revitalize a teacher educator's identity as well as improve the quality of his or her practice with preservice teachers. Finally, we suggest several models that provide teacher educators with the opportunity to work in both contexts.

Book Reviews, Parameters Editors

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

On This Side Of The Law And On That Side Of The Law, Maimon Schwarzschild

San Diego Law Review

Value pluralism is the idea that legitimate human values and goals are many, often incompatible, and not reducible to any single overarching principle or Good. Value pluralism is probably the central idea - you could say the single overarching idea - in the work of Sir Isaiah Berlin, the English philosopher and historian of ideas. Berlin's theme is that individuals, and societies as well, have ideals and aspirations that conflict, and that therefore cannot all be fully realized. Thus a society cannot have perfect equality and perfect liberty because some people will exercise freedom to differentiate themselves, and hence to …

Normative Conflict In International Law, Carmen Pavel

San Diego Law Review

In Part II, I will illustrate the problem of conflict in international law by drawing on two cases in international trade law. I will then argue in Parts III and IV that legal conflict often represents a genuine normative conflict grounded in our multiple, incommensurable, and potentially conflicting moral commitments. In doing so, I will deflect potential skepticism about the reality of normative conflict in international law. Drawing from existing international legal practice, I will show in Part IV that we can resort to a substantial toolbox of rules and principles to reconcile legal norms that are in tension with …

The Plural Implications Of Value Pluralism: A Comment On Maimon Schwarzschild's On This Side Of The Law And On That Side Of The Law, Iddo Porat

San Diego Law Review

I suggest that there are two main views that can be found in Professor Schwarzschild's paper. The first is a strong suspicion of any type of centralized power, especially judicial power, as potentially stifling the plurality of values in society and imposing a monolithic view from above. This theme makes federalism and judicial activism especially central issues in the paper, and I will concentrate on both of them in my comment. The second view regarding the application of value pluralism is more subtle. It is a Burkean defense of traditional institutions, arguing that they represent a way of life in …

Review Of Interventions For Parental Depression From Toddlerhood To Adolescence, R. C. Boyd, Jane Gillham

Psychology Faculty Works

Because of the recurrent course, significant burden, and intergenerational impact of depression, there is a great need for interventions for depressed parents and their children. This article reviews eight interventions that 1) aim to impact the functioning and well-being of 18-month to 18-year old children of depressed parents and 2) have been evaluated in controlled studies. The interventions are described and the empirical evidence of their efficacy is reviewed and critiqued. Existing research points to several promising intervention strategies, such as psychoeducation about parental depression, addressing parenting in adult depression treatment, promoting positive parent-child interactions, and teaching coping skills to …

Denmark: The Crisis And Beyond, Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development (Oecd)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Financial Crisis And Crisis Management In Sweden Lessons For Today, Lars Jonung

Documents

No abstract provided.

Regulatory Remedies For Banking Crises: Lessons From Japan, Linda Allen, Suparna Chakraborty, Wako Watanabe

Documents

No abstract provided.

Otc Derivatives Market Activity In The First Half Of 2009, Karsten Von Kleist, Carlos Mallo

Documents

Discusses G10 countries

Troubled Asset Relief Program: Continued Stewardship Needed As Treasury Develops Strategies For Monitoring And Divesting Financial Interests In Chrysler And Gm, United States Government Accountability Office, United States: Government Accountability Office (Gao)

Documents

Oversight report detailing the conditions of the support provided to the automotive industry and evaluating the government's actions in the auto rescue through November 2009. This includes the first mention by the GAO of Chrysler Financial's wind-down.

First Contract Arbitration And The Employee Free Choice Act, Catherine L. Fisk, Adam R. Pulver

Louisiana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fragmentation Properties Of Three-Membered Ring Heterocyclic Molecules By Partial Ion Yield Spectroscopy: C2h4o And C2h4s, Wayne C. Stolte, I. Dumitriu, S-W Yu, Gunnar Ohrwall, Maria Novella Piancastelli, Dennis W. Lindle

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

We investigated the photofragmentation properties of two three-membered ring heterocyclic molecules, C₂H₄O and C₂H₄S, by total and partial ion yield spectroscopy. Positive and negative ions have been collected as a function of photon energy around the C 1s and O 1s ionization thresholds in C₂H₄O, and around the S 2p and C 1s thresholds in C₂H₄S. We underline similarities and differences between these two analogous systems. We present a new assignment of the spectral features around the C K-edge and the sulfur L_{2 …}

Iceland’S Failed Banks: A Post-Mortem, Mark J. Flannery

Documents

No abstract provided.