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Fitness, Motor Competence And Body Composition Are Weakly Associated With Adolescent Back Pain, Mark Perry, Leon Straker, Peter O'Sullivan, Anne Smith, Beth P. Hands

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Study Design: Cross sectional

Objectives: To assess the associations between adolescent back pain and fitness, motor competence and body composition.

Background: Although deficits in physical fitness and motor control have been shown to relate to adult back pain, the evidence in adolescents is less clear.

Methods and measures: In this cross-sectional study, 1608 "Raine" cohort adolescents (mean age, 14 years) answered questions on lifetime, month and chronic prevalence of back pain, and participated in a range of physical tests assessing aerobic capacity, muscle performance, flexibility, motor competence, and body composition. A history of diagnosed back pain in the adolescent was …

The Influence Of Marcus Tullius Cicero On Modern Legal And Political Ideas, Mortimer N.S. Sellers

All Faculty Scholarship

Marcus Tullius Cicero is the father of modern law and politics. Cicero's influence was significant throughout subsequent European history, but never so much nor so directly as in the emergence of modernity and in the development of modern law and constitutional government. The early moderns became faithful apostles of Cicero's thought and ideals because their world and political circumstances were in many ways closer to those of Cicero than to those of any intervening centuries. The influence of Cicero's legal and political ideas on the modern world illustrates the decisive importance that the study of history can have on legal …

A House Divided: Earl Caldwell, The New York Times, And The Quest For A Testimonial Privilege, Eric Easton

All Faculty Scholarship

In the 1972 case of Branzburg v. Hayes, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment does not protect journalists who refuse to reveal their confidential sources or news gathering product in response to a federal grand jury subpoena. That decision has remained vital for 35 years and has reverberated through a number of recent high-profile cases. Despite some form of protection in nearly every state court, reporters haled before a federal judge may have no recourse save prison. Devastating as Branzburg has been for the so-called journalist's privilege, its negative impact has been far broader. Branzburg is one of …

An Open Letter From Heaven To Barack Obama, F. Michael Higginbotham

All Faculty Scholarship

Since the passing of A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. in 1998, many have wondered what the award winning author, longest-serving black federal judge, first black to head a federal regulatory agency, recipient of the Spingarn Medal and the Congressional Medal of Freedom, and author of the famous “Open Letter to Clarence Thomas” would think of the state of race relations today. Appointed to the Federal Trade Commission in 1962, Higginbotham served in several powerful federal positions including Vice-Chairman of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, member of the first wiretap surveillance court, and chief judge of a …

Freedom Of Association, The Communist Party, And The Hollywood Ten: The Forgotten First Amendment Legacy Of Charles Hamilton Houston, José F. Anderson

All Faculty Scholarship

Charles Hamilton Houston, the most important civil rights lawyer of the first half of the 20th century who developed the legal strategy in Brown v. Board of Education, ended his fabulous legal career representing a group of Hollywood screen writers known as the Hollywood Ten. See Lawson and Trumbo v. United States, 176 F.2d 49 (D.C. App.1949). In that case convictions and jail sentences were upheld for the defendants' failure to answer questions from the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA) about their views on communism and whether or not each was members of the Communist Party. The matters in …

The Disabled Lawyers Have Arrived; Have They Been Welcomed With Open Arms Into The Profession? An Empirical Study Of The Disabled Lawyer, Donald H. Stone

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article proceeds in seven parts. Part I briefly outlines the ADA's position on reasonable accommodations. Part II addresses how law firms are reacting and responding to the fact that they employ lawyers with mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder, attorneys with learning disabilities, and individuals with alcohol or drug addiction. What disabilities are most often represented? Are lawyers with disabilities apt to receive work modifications to accommodate their disability? Are attorneys with mental illness provided with less stressful case assignments? Are lawyers with substance use disorders and alcohol or drug addiction assigned co-counsel to monitor or offer …

Manifestation Of The Pacific Decadal Oscillation In The Kuroshio, Magdalena Andres, Jae-Hun Park, Mark Wimbush, Xiao-Hua Zhu, Hirohiko Nakamura, Kuh Kim, Kyung-Il Chang

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index is strongly correlated with vertically integrated transport carried by the Kuroshio through the East China Sea (ECS). Transport was determined from satellite altimetry calibrated with in situ data and its correlation with PDO index (0.76) is highest at zero lag. Total PDO‐correlated transport variation carried by the ECS‐Kuroshio and Ryukyu Current is about 4 Sv. In addition, PDO index is strongly negatively correlated, at zero lag, with NCEP wind‐stress‐curl over the central North Pacific at ECS latitudes. Sverdrup transport, calculated from wind‐stress‐curl anomalies, is consistent with the observed transport variations. Finally, PDO index and ECS‐Kuroshio …

Women Candidates And Councillors In English Local Government, Mary Bernadette Shears

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Research interest in gender and politics has been increasing in the UK and intemationally. Much of this research has focussed on the issues surrounding women's underrepresentation to national elected office. However, a vital part of the picture has been largely ignored - women's under-representation in local govemment. This is surprising given that so many MPs still cite experience of serving on local councils before embarking on a career in national politics. This thesis aims to fill some important gaps In our knowledge of the situation affecting the under-representation of women in local govemment In England. It is known that women …

Assessing The Impact Of Increasing Seawater Temperature And Acidity On Marine Organisms Using Ophiuroid Brittlestars As An Experimental Model, Hannah L. Wood

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Ocean acidification is a consequence of rapidly increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and, in tandem with increasing sea temperature, poses a significant threat to marine life. A series of mesocosm experiments have been conducted at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (Plymouth, UK) and the Kings Bay Marine Laboratory (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard) where ophiuroid brittlestars were used as a model to investigate the physiological response of marine organisms to ocean acidification and ocean warming. A 'whole organism' approach was adopted to elucidate the primary physiological responses, trade offs and conflicts that occurred. Three ophiuroid species of differing lifestyle and habitats were chosen …

Genetic Biodiversity Of The European Barnacle Chthamalus Montagui, Sonia Fontani

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Biodiversity ultimately is genetic diversity. Genetic diversity within species is eroded before negative trends in biodiversity become evident as loss of species or habitats. Hence, monitoring biodiversity at the genetic level may indicate what will happen at higher levels of organisation if the trend is allowed to continue. There is a pervasive belief that marine ecosystems are less vulnerable to biodiversity loss than terrestrial ones, due to marine species' high dispersal ability and connectivity, large geographic ranges, low genetic differentiation among populations and high genetic variation within populations. Many studies offer compelling evidence that it is not so: loss of …

Statistical Techniques For Extreme Wave Condition Analysis In Coastal Design, Paul Thompson

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The study of the behaviour of the extreme values of a variable such as wave height is very important in engineering applications such as flood risk assessment and coastal design. Storm wave modelling usually adopts a univariate extreme value theory approach, essentially identifying the extreme observations of one variable and fitting a standard extreme value distribution to these values. Often it is of interest to understand how extremes of a variable such as wave height depend on a covariate such as wave direction. An important associated concept is that of return level, a value that is expected to be exceeded …

Beach Morphodynamics Behind A Series Of Detached Breakwaters In A Mesotidal Environment, Iain Alastair Fairley

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Morphodynamics of beaches protected by detached breakwaters have been investigated in this thesis at timescales ranging from days to years. A site consisting of nine breakwaters on a coast open to energetic wave conditions in a meso-tidal environment is studied. Two phases of breakwaters were built at the site: phase one comprising of four fully emergent, 200m long structures, which have caused the formation of tidal tombolos; and phase two, five 160m long breakwaters, submerged at high tide, behind which salients have formed. The site allows for comparison of response at beaches protected by different breakwater designs under similar wave …

Brynmawr Experiment 1928-1940 : Quaker Values And Arts And Crafts Principles, Pamela Manasseh

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This is a study of the social work of Quakers in the town of Brynmawr in South Wales during the depressions of the 1920s and 1930s. The work, which took place during the years 1928 to 1940, has become known as the Brynmawr Experiment. The initial provision of practical and financial relief for a town suffering severely from the effects of unemployment, was developed with the establishment of craft workshops to provide employment. Special reference is made to the furniture making workshop and the personnel involved with it. The thesis attempts to trace links between the moral and aesthetic values …

The Role Of 56th (Independent) Infantry Brigade During The Normandy Campaign June-September 1944, Andrew Holborn

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Comprised of three regular battalions of infantry, 2nd Battalion The South Wales Borderers, 2nd Battalion The Essex Regiment, 2nd Battalion The Gloucester Regiment and Brigade HQ, 56th (Independent) Infantry Brigade was only formed in early March 1944. Its specific task was to land 'under command' of 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division on D-Day. This Division itself was made up of three brigades of very experienced infantry. What is remarkable is that 56th Infantry Brigade's infantry battalions had all been on Home Service since June 1940 and were not experienced in battle. Despite this, within only thirteen weeks of formation, 56th Infantry …

Walter De Maria: The Lightning Field, Janet Mccann

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Walter De Maria (b.1935) is best known for The Lightning Field, a large-scale, remote outdoor work constructed in New Mexico, USA, and completed in 1977. Both De Maria and The Lightning Field have largely been critiqued solely within the art-historical framework of 'Land Art'. This thesis argues that such a framework has been too homogeneous and too narrow in its scope to do justice to the true complexities either of the artist's practice or of the visitor's experience of The Lightning Field, which involves considerably more than the dramatic spectacle of lightning. It proposes that De Maria's wide-ranging artistic career …

Implicit And Explicit Processes In Multiple Cue Judgement, Jonathan James Rolison

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Making judgements often involves integrating multiple pieces of information, or cues, in the environment. While experts, such as physicians, are able to make accurate judgements from multiple cues, they often have poor insight into how they make their inferences. This provides some indication that judgement is influenced by knowledge that is implicit and inaccessible to verbal report. In the present thesis, the cognitive processes involved in multiple cue judgement were explored by training participants on a small number of novel cues using the multiple cue probability learning (MCPL) paradigm. In a training phase, participants predicted a criterion and received outcome …

Biomechanical Modelling Of Musical Performance: A Case Study Of The Guitar, Leandro Costalonga

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Computer-generated musical performances are often criticised for being unable to match the expressivity found in performances by humans. Much research has been conducted in the past two decades in order to create computer technology able to perform a given piece music as expressively as humans, largely without success. Two approaches have been often adopted to research into modelling expressive music performance on computers. The first focuses on sound; that is, on modelling patterns of deviations between a recorded human performance and the music score. The second focuses on modelling the cognitive processes involved in a musical performance. Both approaches are …

Permeability Characterisation Of Continuous Filament Mats For Resin Transfer Moulding, Ross Pomeroy

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis seeks to examine both permeability measurement and material characterisation of Continuous Filament Mat (CFM) glass fibre reinforcements. As an alternative to fabrics, which generally provide higher in-place properties, CFMs are often employed as low cost, 'lofty' (high uncompressed thickness, and therefore good specific flexural stiffness), easy to process reinforcements for Resin Transfer Moulded (RTM) parts. Within this project, investigation of permeability measurement has involved the development of two (radial and linear) liquid flow permeability techniques to provide a reliable and robust data set for a specific CFM (Unifilo U813-300). Then two novel (radial and linear) airflow techniques were …

The Case Of Dr. Mohammed Haneef: An 'Australian Terrorism' Drama With British Connections, Mark Rix

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article examines the treatment of Dr Mohamed Haneef, an Indian doctor arrested under Australia's anti-terrorism legislation in July 2007 as Australian authorities including the Australian Federal Police, Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, (wrongfully) believed that he was linked to the terrorist attack at Glasgow airport in June 2007. The actions and responses of these two agencies, and the subsequent judicial inquiry are reviewed in the light of the media's role and press coverage as the case unfolded.

Judicial Application Of The Limitation Act 1980 In Claims For Personal Injury: Has Time Run Out On The Prospect Of Certainty In The Law?, Eleanor Kemp

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

In 2008 the landmark decision in A v Hoare1 was received from the House of Lords. The decision will have a wide impact on the law on limitation periods in claims for personal injury. Victims of intentional trespass to the person can now apply to the court to either extend or disapply the primary limitation period. This article will consider the wider implications of the decision on issues of limitation. It aims to examine what the initial rationale of limitation legislation is. With this in consideration the article then analyses judicial application of the Limitation Act 1980 prior to, and …

Lowery V Walker Revisited; Risks And Responsibilities; Occupiers And Trespassers, Sheila Dziobon

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article reviews the liability of occupiers for injuries suffered by trespassers on their land. The article opens with a review of the a case which went to the House of Lords at the beginning of the twentieth century; a time when negligence was in its infancy and before any statutory intervention covering this area of law was in existence. The article asks the reader to take an objective view of the cases reviewed. Some of these decisions have been criticised as being inconsistent and illogical but it is suggested here that a closer examination reveals that the creator of …

Environmental Regulation: Effective Or Defective? Assessing Whether Criminal Sanctions Provide Adequate Protection Of The Environment, Emma Bethell

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Issues, such as climate change and global warming, have seen environmental protection grow in the global consciousness into something worthy and in need of regulation. In response, a number of laws have been enacted which make certain environmental actions criminal offences, enforced through the criminal justice system. These environmental crimes are enforced using the same mechanisms and must satisfy the same procedural safeguards as 'traditional' criminal offences in order to secure conviction. This discussion looks at elements of the current system and whether it provides an effective system for protecting the environment. An examination of the alternatives is also made …

Saviour Siblings And The Human Fertilisation And Embryology Acts 1990 And 2008, Rebecca Thorp

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

In 2003, the case of R (on the Application of Quintavalle) v Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority1 dramatically brought into light the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 as outdated and inconsistent. Authorisations for saviour sibling treatment appeared futile as cases were decided illogically, leaving some patients having to seek treatment elsewhere. The procedure of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis alongside tissue typing embryos has been a huge breakthrough in treating children born with serious life threatening diseases. However, this essentially unforeseen technology is poorly regulated in the 1990 Act and has therefore resulted in the new Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act …

Attitudes And Responses To Rape In Light Of The Low Conviction Rate, Katie Ewing

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

The law relating to rape is currently the subject of much debate following the Home Office figures which state that the UK conviction rate is under 6%, creating pressure on the Government to implement change. It is well-documented that pre-conceived attitudes about the nature of rape can be a huge barrier to prosecuting rape effectively. Each year the number of women reporting rape increases significantly but the conviction rate remains the same. This article examines the current role and practices of the police and CPS in prosecuting rape cases and considers the impact that rape myths and preconceived attitudes held …

Casenote: Legal Loopholes In The Law Of Unintended Consequences: A Consideration Of The Decision In Re Griffiths, Lesley Austen

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Turbulent Supply Of Nutrients To Phytoplankton At The New England Shelf Break Front, Burke Hales, Dave Hebert, John Marra

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

We present observations from deployments of a microstructure turbulence instrument (the Towed Microstructure and Auxiliary Sensor Instrument) aboard a pumping profiling vehicle (the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar) towed behind a research vessel at the New England shelf break front in August 2002. From these we determined coincident fine‐scale vertical eddy diffusivity and gradients of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate on several transects spanning the front. We then quantified vertical turbulent nutrient fluxes through the base of the euphotic zone (defined as the 1% light level), the base of the density transition zone, maximum nutrient gradients (the nutriclines), and the depth of maximum …

Graduate Catalog 2009-2010, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Graduate Catalogs

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of Differing Types Of Feedback Across Controlled Written Assignment Scenarios, Lisa Dopke

Masters Theses

The development of effective writing skills is widely acknowledged as a primary goal in higher education. For this reason, instructors have devised several ways to help students develop and improve their writing proficiency. Within this repertoire of strategies, the most common and often most practical method is providing feedback, particularly written feedback, on student’s writing assignments. Because feedback is commonly recognized as advantageous in this respect, and because there continues to be a keen “interest in how to provide more effective, relevant feedback to students” (Wiltse, 2002, p. 127), various aspects of the feedback communication and related processes have been …

Efficacy And Safety Of Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine For Malaria In African Infants: A Pooled Analysis Of Six Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trials, J.J. Aponte, D. Schellenberg, A. Egan, A. Breckenridge, I. Carneiro, J. Critchley, I. Danquah, A. Dodoo, R. Kobbe, B. Lell, J. May, Zul Premji, S. Sanz, E. Sevene, R. Soulaymani-Becheikh, P. Winstanley, S. Adjei, S. Anemana, D. Chandramohan, S. Issifou, F. Mockenhaupt F., S. Owusu-Agyei, B. Greenwood, M.P. Grobusch, P.G. Kremsner, E. Macete, H. Mshinda, R.D. Newman, L. Slutsker, M. Tanner, P. Alonso, C. Menendez

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) is a promising strategy for malaria control in infants. We undertook a pooled analysis of the safety and efficacy of IPT in infants (IPTi) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Africa. Methods: We pooled data from six double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials (undertaken one each in Tanzania, Mozambique, and Gabon, and three in Ghana) that assessed the efficacy of IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. In all trials, IPTi or placebo was given to infants at the time of routine vaccinations delivered by WHO's Expanded Program on Immunization. Data from the trials for incidence of clinical malaria, risk of anaemia (packed-cell volume <25% or haemoglobin <80 g/L), and incidence of hospital admissions and adverse events in infants up to 12 months of age were reanalysed by use of standard outcome definitions and time periods. Analysis was by modified intention to treat, including all infants who received at least one dose of IPTi or placebo. Findings: The six trials provided data for 7930 infants (IPTi, n=3958; placebo, n=3972). IPTi had a protective efficacy of 30·3% (95% CI 19·8-39·4, p<0·0001) against clinical malaria, 21·3% (8·2-32·5, p=0·002) against the risk of anaemia, 38·1% (12·5-56·2, p=0·007) against hospital admissions associated with malaria parasitaemia, and 22·9% (10·0-34·0, p=0·001) against all-cause hospital admissions. There were 56 deaths in the IPTi group compared with 53 in the placebo group (rate ratio 1·05, 95% CI 0·72-1·54, p=0·79). One death, judged as possibly related to IPTi because it occurred 19 days after a treatment dose, was subsequently attributed to probable sepsis. Four of 676 non-fatal hospital admissions in the IPTi group were deemed related to study treatment compared with five of 860 in the placebo group. None of three serious dermatological adverse events in the IPTi group were judged related to study treatment compared with one of 13 in the placebo group. Interpretation: IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was safe and efficacious across a range of malaria transmission settings, suggesting that this intervention is a useful contribution to malaria control. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chlorproguanil - Dapsone - Artesunate Versus Artemether - Lumefantrine: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase Iii Trial In African Children And Adolescents With Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria, Zul Premji, R.E. Umeh, S. Owusu-Agyei, F. Esamai, E.U. Ezedinachi, S. Oguche, S. Borrmann, A. Sowunmi, S. Duparc, P.L. Kirby, A. Pamba, L. Kellam, R. Guiguemde, B. Greenwood, S.A. Ward, P.A. Winstanley

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Chlorproguanil-dapsone-artesunate (CDA) was developed as an affordable, simple, fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination therapy for use in Africa. This trial was a randomized parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to compare CDA and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) efficacy in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and further define the CDA safety profile, particularly its hematological safety in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) -deficient patients. Methods and Findings: The trial was conducted at medical centers at 11 sites in five African countries between June 2006 and August 2007. 1372 patients (≥1 to <15 years>old, median age 3 years) with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were randomized (2:1) to receive CDA 2/2.5/4 …