Digital Commons Network^™

Measurement Of Semi-Inclusive Π+ Electroproduction Off The Proton, Clas Collaboration, M. J. Amaryan, H. Bagdasaryan, M. Bektasoglu, S. Bültmann, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. E. Dodge, G. Gavalian, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde-Wright, A. Klein, A. V. Klimenko, S. E. Kuhn, M. R. Niroula, L. M. Qin, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

Semi-inclusive π+ electroproduction on protons has been measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The measurement was performed on a liquid-hydrogen target using a 5.75 GeV electron beam. The complete five-fold differential cross sections were measured over a wide kinematic range including the complete range of azimuthal angles between hadronic and leptonic planes, ϕ , enabling us to separate the ϕ-dependent terms. Our measurements of the ϕ -independent term of the cross section at low Bjorken x were found to be in fairly good agreement with pQCD calculations. Indeed, the conventional current fragmentation calculation can account for almost all …

Photodisintegration Of 4He Into P+T, Clas Collaboration, M. J. Amaryan, S. L. Careccia, G. E. Dodge, C. E. Hyde, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, C. S. Nepali, M. R. Niroula, H. Seraydaryan, S. Tkachenko, L.B. Weinstein, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The two-body photodisintegration of 4He into a proton and a triton has been studied using the CEBAF Large-Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Real photons produced with the Hall-B bremsstrahlung-tagging system in the energy range from 0.35 to 1.55 GeV were incident on a liquid ⁴He target. This is the first measurement of the photodisintegration of ⁴He above 0.4 GeV. The differential cross sections for the γ ⁴He →pt reaction were measured as a function of photon-beam energy and proton-scattering angle and are compared with the latest model calculations by J.-M. Laget. At …

Precise Measurement Of The Neutron Magnetic Form Factor Gnm In The Few-Gev² Region, Clas Collaboration, J. Lachniet, H. Bagdasaryan, S. Bültmann, N. Kalantarians, G. E. Dodge, T. A. Forest, G. Gavalian, C. E. Hyde-Wright, A. Klien, S. E. Kuhn, M. R. Niroula, R. A. Niyazov, L. M. Qin, L. B. Weinstein, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The neutron elastic magnetic form factor was extracted from quasielastic electron scattering on deuterium over the range Q² = 1.0–4.8  GeV² with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. High precision was achieved with a ratio technique and a simultaneous in situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency. Neutrons were detected with electromagnetic calorimeters and time-of-flight scintillators at two beam energies. The dipole parametrization gives a good description of the data

Measurement Of Direct Fₒ(980) Photoproduction On The Proton, K. P. Adhikari, H. Bagdasaryan, S. Bültmann, S. L. Careccia, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. E. Dodge, N. Kalantarians, A. Klein, A.V. Klimenko, S. E. Kuhn, J. Lanchiet, M. R. Niroula, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

We report on the results of the first measurement of exclusive f₀(980) meson photoproduction on protons for E_γ = 3.0–3.8  GeV and −t = 0.4–1.0  GeV² . Data were collected with the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The resonance was detected via its decay in the π⁺π⁻ channel by performing a partial wave analysis of the reaction γp→pπ⁺π⁻ . Clear evidence of the f₀(980) meson was found in the interference between P and S waves at M _π+π− ∼1  GeV. The S -wave differential …

Electroproduction Of P Π⁺Π⁻ Off Protons At 0.2 < Q² < 0.6 Gev² And 1.3 < W < 1.57 Gev With The Clas Detector, M. J. Amaryan, H. Baghdasaryan, M. Bektasoglu, S. Bültmann, S. L. Careccia, G. E. Dodge, G. Gavalian, N. Guler, C. E. Hyde, W. Kim, A. Klein, F. J. Klein, A. Klimenko, S. E. Kuhn, S. Tkachenko, L. B. Weinstein, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

This paper reports on the most comprehensive data set obtained on differential and fully integrated cross sections for the process ep → e'pπ⁺π^-. The data were collected with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. Measurements were carried out in the as yet unexplored kinematic region of photon virtuality 0.2 < Q² < 0.6 GeV² and invariant mass of the final hadron system W from 1.3 to 1.57 GeV. For the first time, nine independent one-fold differential cross sections were determined in each bin of W and Q² covered by the measurements. A phenomenological analysis of the data allowed …

Protecting Hiv Positive Women’S Human’S Rights: Recommendations For The Obama Administration, Aziza Ahmed, Catherine Hanssens, Brook Kelly

Faculty Scholarship

To bring the United States in line with prevailing human rights standards, its National HIV/AIDS Strategy will need to explicitly commit to a human rights framework when developing programmes and policies that serve the unaddressed needs of women. This paper focuses on two aspects of the institutionalized mistreatment of people with HIV: 1) the criminalization of their consensual sexual conduct; and 2) the elimination of informed and documented consensual participation in their diagnosis through reliance on mandatory and opt-out testing policies. More than half of US states have HIV-specific laws criminalizing the consensual sexual activity of people with HIV, regardless …

Pregnancy And Sex-Role Stereotyping, From 'Struck' To 'Carhart', Neil S. Siegel, Reva B. Siegel

Faculty Scholarship

The guarantee of equal protection of the laws extends to women as well as men. Yet for the first 100 years of the Fourteenth Amendment’s life, the Supreme Court never found a law unconstitutional on the grounds that it discriminated on the basis of sex. Between 1970 and 1980, social movement advocacy and brilliant litigation by Ruth Bader Ginsburg and others changed our constitutional law. Over the course of the decade, the Court extended the anti-stereotyping principle from discrimination on the basis of race to discrimination on the basis of sex. But fidelity to the principle had its limits. In …

Takeover Regulation In The United States And Europe: An Institutional Approach, William Magnuson

Faculty Scholarship

While convergence may be the word of the day in corporate governance, it is noticeably absent in takeover regulation. The United States and Europe have adopted strongly dissimilar laws governing the process and substance of hostile tender offers, and their respective paths seem to be diverging rather than converging. This paper argues that much of this difference can be explained by process and institutional competency: courts have played the primary role in the development of American law, while political actors dominated the E.U. adoption of the Takeover Directive.

Stakeholder Participation In New Governance: Lessons From Chicago, Lisa T. Alexander

Faculty Scholarship

The efficacy of the public-private partnership as a tool for social reform is the subject of continued scholarly and public debate. New governance theory, an increasingly popular form of jurisprudence, constructs an optimistic vision of stakeholder collaboration in public-private partnerships that justifies the use of the public-private partnership in regulatory reform. New governance scholars contend that recent governance trends such as devolution, deregulation, decentralization, and privatization create opportunities for previously marginalized stakeholders to more fully participate in public problem-solving. New governance scholars expect that both public and private stakeholders, with differing interests, skills and objectives, will effectively collaborate to solve …

Revisiting Hateful Science: The Nazi “Contribution” To The Journey Of Antisemitism, Steven Leonard Jacobs

Journal of Hate Studies

While this volume of the Journal of Hate Studies is devoted to “The Science of Hate”—research and knowledge about hate’s origins and manifestations seen through the lens of the empirical sciences—this contribution is a cautionary reminder that, like all human projects, intellectual and other, the sciences, too, can be perverted by its practitioners in the service of hate itself.1 The case study is that of the Nazi Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, MD, (1896-1969), eugenicist and geneticist, and, specifically, his (1938) text “Racial Biology of the Jews.” Of particular note is the American “connection,” in supplying both supporting legitimation for the …

Trademarks And Human Rights: Oil And Water - Or Chocolate And Peanut Butter, Megan M. Carpenter

Faculty Scholarship

In recent years, there has been a growing discourse at the intersection of intellectual property and human rights. Whether there is a direct connection between intellectual property, or the subjects of intellectual property, on the one hand, and human rights, on the other, has been the subject of lively debate. Most recently, the discussion has turned to the field of trademarks, which has prompted the question, Are trademarks human rights? In this article I seek to explore this question, and to consider directly whether there is a proper place for trademarks within the human rights framework-whether trademarks and human rights …

Change, Dependency, And Regime Plasticity In Offshore Financial Intermediation: The Saga Of The Netherlands Antilles, Craig M. Boise, Andrew P. Morriss

Faculty Scholarship

The legal regimes of offshore jurisdictions have historically differed in significant ways from those applicable in onshore jurisdictions. Inevitably, legal and financial professionals have seized upon these differences to develop strategies for reducing transactions costs. A prominent example of such cross-border arbitrage was the routing of Eurodollar loans through a small group of former Dutch island colonies in the Caribbean, a practice which peaked in the mid-1980s, when virtually every major U.S. corporation made interest payments to a Netherlands Antilles finance subsidiary. The "Antilles sandwich" strategy exploited the difference between high U.S. withholding tax rates that applied to interest payments …

Green Jobs Myths, Andrew P. Morris, William T. Bogart, Andrew Dorchak, Roger E. Meiners

Faculty Scholarship

A rapidly growing literature promises that a massive program of government mandates, subsidies, and forced technological interventions will reward the nation with an economy brimming with green jobs. Not only will these jobs improve the environment, but they will be high paying, interesting, and provide collective rights. This literature is built on mythologies about economics, forecasting, and technology.

In this Article, we survey the green jobs literature, analyze its assumptions, and show how the special interest groups promoting the idea of green jobs have embedded dubious assumptions and techniques within their analyses. Before undertaking efforts to restructure and possibly impoverish …

Reputation, Information And The Organization Of The Judiciary, Nuno Garoupa, Tom Ginsburg

Faculty Scholarship

The reputation of the judiciary, individually or as a whole, determines its status in any given society and its ability to compete effectively for resources. We analyze reputation and make three claims. First, reputation matters. Virtually every theory of judicial power is dependent, ultimately, on perceptions of judges, who famously lack the purse or the sword. Our second claim is that reputation can be divided into individual and collective components. Individual reputation provides information about individual performance whereas collective reputation provides information about the quality of the judiciary in general. We use the economics of team production to analyze the …

A Tale Of Two Development Agendas, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

In October 2004, Argentina and Brazil introduced a proposal to establish the WIPO Development Agenda. Although scholars have focused primarily on this agenda, as well as the WTO Doha Development Agenda, development agendas have also been established at other international fora, such as those governing public health, human rights, biological diversity, food and agriculture, and information and communications. Interestingly, these development agendas bear strong resemblances to another set of development agendas less developed countries advanced in the 1960s and 1970s. Bringing together these two sets of development agendas, this article examines whether the present agenda can avoid the path of …

Judicial Audiences And Reputation: Perspectives From Comparative Law, Nuno Garoupa, Tom Ginsburg

Faculty Scholarship

Whether judges are motivated to make good law or maximize policy goals, they need to develop and maintain a good reputation with some audience. We distinguish internal and external audiences for individual judicial decision-making: internal audiences are those within the judiciary itself, while external audiences include lawyers, the media or the general public. Different legal systems emphasize different audiences: some rely on external audiences that encourage judges to invest in their individual reputations, while others emphasize internal audiences that facilitate the collective reputation of the judiciary as a whole. The article analyzes the interaction between internal and external audiences over …

Estimating The Effect Of Damages Caps In Medical Malpractice Cases: Evidence From Texas, David A. Hyman, Bernard Black, Charles Silver, William M. Sage

Faculty Scholarship

Using claim-level data, we estimate the effect of Texas's 2003 cap on non-economic damages on jury verdicts, post-verdict payouts, and settlements in medical malpractice cases closed during 1988–2004. For pro-plaintiff jury verdicts, the cap affects 47-percent of verdicts and reduces mean allowed non-economic damages, mean allowed verdict, and mean total payout by 73-percent, 38-percent, and 27-percent, respectively. In total, the non-econ cap reduces adjusted verdicts by $156M, but predicted payouts by only $60M. The impact on payouts is smaller because a substantial portion of the above-cap damage awards were not being paid to begin with. In cases settled without trial, …

Intelligent Design And Judicial Minimalism: Further Thoughts On The 'Is It Science?' Question, Jay D. Wexler

Faculty Scholarship

A few years ago, at a conference on religion in the public schools sponsored by the First Amendment Law Review at the University of North Carolina, I argued that although I thought Judge Jones' opinion in Kitzmiller' was mostly correct, the judge erred by deciding that Intelligent Design (ID) is not science. Although I continue to believe that teaching ID in public schools is unconstitutional-I have argued this point for a dozen years and will not reiterate my reasoning here -I also continue to agree with my original assessment of the judge's treatment of the so-called "is it science?" question. …

Incorporating Endogenous Preferences In Cost-Benefit Analysis, Gregory S. Crespi

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

The conventional assumption made by cost-benefit analysts is that individual preference structures are not altered by any of the policies that are under consideration. This simplifying "exogenous preferences" assumption is not always satisfied, however, and in some instances the preference structures of a significant proportion of the people who are impacted by a policy are "endogenous" in that they are also altered by that policy. Under those endogenous preferences circumstances an important question is presented as to whether the willingness to pay-based valuations of the impacts of the policies should be calculated with regard to the pre-policy implementation preference structures, …

Law From Above: Unmanned Aerial Systems, Use Of Force, And The Law Of Armed Conflict, Chris Jenks

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

The United States employing armed unmanned aerial systems (UAS) or “drones” against al qaeda and Taliban targets in northwest Pakistan continues to spur discussion and disagreement. Some label UAS “armed robotic killers,” while others describe them as providing a much greater degree of distinction between intended targets and the surrounding population and infrastructure, thus limiting civilian casualties and property damage. The overt disagreement as to whether the strikes are legal masks that the discussants are utilizing wholesale different methodologies, talking past each other in the process. The origin of this divergence is to what extent the law of armed conflict …

Human Rights And Military Decisions: Counterinsurgency And Trends In The Law Of International Armed Conflict, Dan E. Stigall, Christopher L. Blakesley, Chris Jenks

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

The past several decades have seen a Copernican shift in the paradigm of armed conflict, which the traditional Law of International Armed Conflict (LOIAC) canon has not fully matched. Standing out in stark relief against the backdrop of relative inactivity in LOIAC, is the surfeit of activity in the field of international human rights law, which has become a dramatic new force in the ancient realm of international law. Human rights law, heretofore not formally part of the traditional juridico-military calculus, has gained ever increasing salience in that calculus. Indeed, human rights law has ramified in such a manner that …

Arrow's Theorem And The Exclusive Shareholder Franchise, Grant M. Hayden, Matthew T. Bodie

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

In this essay, we contest one of the main arguments for restricting corporate board voting to shareholders. In justifying the limitation of the franchise to shareholders, scholars have repeatedly turned to social choice theory—specifically, Arrow’s theorem—to justify the exclusive shareholder franchise. Citing to the theorem, corporate law commentators have argued that lumping different groups of stakeholders together into the electorate would result in a lack of consensus and, ultimately, the lack of coherence that attends intransitive social choices, perhaps even leading the corporation to self-destruct. We contend that this argument is misguided. First, we argue that scholars have greatly overestimated …

International Health Care Convergence: The Benefits And Burdens Of Market-Driven Standardization, Nathan Cortez

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

For over thirty years, health scholars have debated whether health care policies are converging, or becoming more alike, internationally. Convergence theories have always been particularly appealing in health care. Most countries generally struggle with the same challenges: how to provide quality care, to as many people as possible, for a reasonable price. Moreover, modern scientific medicine has not only influenced how countries around the world provide and regulate health care, but has also driven rising patient expectations. These commonalities invite theories of convergence: If policymakers in different jurisdictions face similar challenges, why wouldn't they adopt roughly similar solutions?

In this …

Trespass-Copyright Parallels And The Harm-Benefit Distinction, Wendy J. Gordon

Faculty Scholarship

Currently, the elements of a plaintiff’s cause of action for copyright largely follow the tort of trespass to land in that volitional entry (for land) or volitional copying (for copyright) gives rise to liability regardless of proof of harm and without any need for the plaintiff to prove the defendant acted unreasonably. Many scholars have criticized copyright law for following the strict liability model of real property trespass, and have suggested alternatives that would more resemble conditional causes of action such as unfair competition, nuisance, or negligence. In Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives, Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh argues that copyright plaintiffs …

Three Ways Of Looking At A Health Law And Literature Class, Jennifer S. Bard, Thomas Wm. Mayo, Stacey A. Tovino

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

The authors of this Article participated in a panel at the American Society of Law, Ethics & Medicine Conference in 2008 that discussed the use of literary materials in law school to teach medical ethics (and related matters) in a law school setting. Each author comes at the topic from a different perspective based on his or her own experience and background. This Article and the panel on which it was based reflect views on how literature can play a valuable role in helping law students, as well as medical students, understand important legal and ethical issues and concepts in …

International Decision, Civil Party Participation In Provisional Detention Appeals, Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia, Jenia I. Turner

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Consideration In The Electronic Age, Robert A. Hillman, Maureen A. O'Rourke

Faculty Scholarship

Our fast-paced age of electronic agreements that ostensibly govern transactions as diverse as downloading software, ordering goods, and engaging in collaborative development projects raises questions regarding thesuitability of contract law as the appropriate legal framework. While this question arises in many settings, we focus here on the free and open source software (FOSS) movement because of the maturity and success of its model and the ubiquity of its software. We explore in particular whether open source licenses are supported by consideration, and argue that they are, and that open source licenses are contracts. We further argue that a contractual framework …

Zigbee-Enabled Structural Health Monitoring Using The Smartbrick System, Tyler Harms

Masters Theses

"This thesis describes the design, testing, and proposed extended field test of a wireless sensor network based on the SmartBrick, a structural health monitoring (SHM) device developed at Missouri S&T. The SmartBrick serves as the base station for the network, which utilizes additional sensor nodes to monitor the structure. Each node measures a range of environmental and structural phenomena, including vibration, tilt, humidity, and strain. The nodes use Zigbee short-range communication to transmit their data to the base station, which in turn uses the GSM cellular network to provide long-range communication capability and support for remote control.

Unlike many SHM …

Modeling Of Wear And Oxidation Behavior Of A Carbon/Carbon Multidisk Clutch, Shankar Nagaraj

Masters Theses

"Carbon/carbon composites are a family of advanced composite materials. They are the most advanced form of carbon and consist of a fiber, based on carbon precursors, embedded in a carbon matrix. They are extensively used in design of sliding contact systems such as clutches and brakes because of their low weight, excellent thermal and mechanical properties, chemical inertness and self lubricating capability. They retain their mechanical strength in inert atmospheres up to 2000° C. However, in oxidizing environments, C/C composites rapidly react with oxygen forming gaseous carbon oxides around 450° C.

In the present study a C/C composite clutch assembly …

Analysis Of Lesion Border Segmentation Using Watershed Algorithm, Hanzheng Wang

Masters Theses

"Automatic lesion segmentation is an important part of computer-based skin cancer detection. A watershed algorithm was introduced and tested on benign and melanoma images. The average of three dermatologists' manually drawn borders was compared as the benchmark. Hair removing, black border removing and vignette removing methods were introduced in preprocessing steps. A new lesion ratio estimate was added to the merging method, which was determined by the outer bounding box ratio. In postprocessing, small blob removing and border smoothing using a peninsula removing method as well as a second order B-Spline smoothing method were included. A novel threshold was developed …